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Passage 1
Come on--Everybody′s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, iswhat most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good--drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenbe~ contends thatpeer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in whichorganizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their livesand possibly the word.
Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure inaction: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze setsout to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLiferecruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.
The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lamenessof many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits,and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. "Dare to be different, pleasedon′t smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers--teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-healthadvocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Clubis filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biologicalfactors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it′spresented here is that it doesn′t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed oncestate funding was cut. Evidence that the loveLife program produces lasting changes is limited andmixed.
There′ s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emergingbody of research shows that positive health habits--as well as negative ones--spread throughnetworks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: weunconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.
Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peergroups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It′s like the teacher who breaks up thetroublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic neverreally works. And that′s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the realworld, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.
According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as __________.
细节题。根据题干定位到文章第一段。文中有一句“Itusually leads to no good--drinking,drugs and casual sex”，句中usually与题干中的often对应，leads to与D项中的cause对应，drinkin9，drugs andcasual sex与D项中的否定成分undesirable behaviors对应．故D项“不良行为的诱因”正确．它是对原文的同义替换。A项“社会治疗的补充”、B项“群体活力的刺激”都是罗森伯格的新观点。C项“学校进步的障碍”是针对文章最后一段出的干扰项．且属于过度推断。
教学过稈具冇哪些基木特点？
简述开展好课外活动的基木要求。
开展好课外活动的基木要求：
简要冋答少年儿童的身心发展的个別差异性。
班主任要统一各方而的___________ ，同家庭与社会密切配合。
小学德育的基木途径是______________ 。
课的类型大致可分为________ 和_________ 两大类。
学生是生活在一定的社会关系中，具冇特定的_________的人。
师生在人格上是_________ 的关系。
德育的个体功能可以描述为德育对个体生存、发展、________ 发生影响的三个方而。
教学工作的基木环节包括_______ 、______、______、_______和______五个方而。
