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请阅读Passage 1, 完成第小题。
Passage 1
In recent years,however, society has come to understand the limitations of schools that merelysort and rank students. We have discovered that students in the bottomone-third to one-half of the rank order-plus all who drop out before beingranked-fail to develop the foundational reading, writing, and mathematicalproficiencies needed to survive in, let alone contribute to, an increasinglytechnically complex and ethnically diverse culture. So today, in asking schoolsto leave no child behind, society is asking that educators raise up the bottomof the rank-.order distribution to a specified level of competence. We callthose expectations our?? "academicachievement standards". Every state has them, and, as a matter of publicpolicy, schools are to be held accountable for making sure that all studentsmeet them.
?To be clear, themission of sorting has not been eliminated from the schooling process. For theforeseeable future, students will still be ranked at the end of high school.However, society now dictates that such a celebration of differences m amountlearned must start at a certain minimum level of achievement for all.
??The implications of this change in missionfor the role of assessment are profound. Assessment and grading proceduresdesigned to permit only a few students to succeed (those at the top of therank-order distribution) must now be revised to permit the possibility that allstudents could succeed at some appropriate level. Furthermore, procedures thatpermitted?? (perhaps even encouraged)some students to give up in hopelessness and to stop trying must now be replacedby others that promote hope and continuous effort. In short, the entireemotional environment surrounding the prospect of being evaluated must change,especially for perennial low achievers.
??The students' missionis no longer merely to beat other students in the achievement race. At leastpart of their goal must be to become competent. Teachers must believe that allstudents can achieve a certain level of academic success, must bring all oftheir students to believe this of themselves, must?accommodate?the factthat students learn at different rates by making use of differentiatedinstruction, and must guide all students toward the attainment of standards.
??The driving dynamicforce for students cannot merely be competition for an artificial scarcity ofsuccess. Because all students can and must succeed in meeting standards,cooperation and collaboration must come into play. The driving forces must beconfidence, optimism, and persistence-for all, not just for some. All studentsmust come to believe that they can succeed at learning if they try. They musthave continuous access to evidence of what they believe to be credible academicsuccess, however small. This new understanding has spawned increased interestin formative assessment in recent years.
Which is meant by the author about the emotional promise of assessment for students?
推断题。根据题干中的关键词emotional promise将答案锁定在第三段和最后一段。根据第三段“Assessmentand grading procedures…must now be revised to permit the possibility that allstudents could succeed at some appropriate level…must now be replaced by othersthat promote hope and continuous effort…”以及最后一段“Thedriving dynamic force for students cannot merely be competition for anartificial scarcity of success…The driving forces must be confidence，optimism，and persistence…”可推断出作者表达的意思是通过评估改革，教师要激发学生的自信与希望，使他们相信通过不断的努力，终会取得成功。故本题选B。
请认真阅读下文，并按要求作答。
问题（一）：如指导中年段小学生学习上述内容，试拟定教学目标和教学重点。（15分）
问题（二）：根据拟定的教学目标，设计课堂教学环节并简要说明理由。（25分）
下面是一位教师的教育案例，阅读并回答问题。
为了让班会开得更成功，我为我们班选了一篇课文改写了剧本。第二天，把我的计划和大家说了说，全班同学都很高兴，这时我听到了 一段小声议论：“老师怎么选这篇课文，又长又不好演。”“你管呢，让你演什么你就演什么呗。”“我可不想演。”听到这儿，我的心一沉，原来是王渺。下课后，我把她叫到办公室请她谈自己对演课本剧的想法。她说：“老师，我觉得您选的课文不好，而且您每次都是写好了剧本让我们演，您应该让我们自己来试一试。”她的话让我突然意识到他们并不希望老师什么都是“包办代替”，他们长大了。于是，我把导演的任务交给了王渺同学，她高兴地接受了任务，开始和同学们商量演哪一课。然后找我做参谋，帮我做道具。课本剧表演得非常成功，我和孩子们一同品尝到了成功的喜悦。
问题:这个案例给我们留下的思考是什么？请你结合新课程理念谈谈自己的看法。（20分）
以下是一位教师执教浙教版第11册《三顾茅庐》的片段，阅读并回答问题。
张飞说：“一个村夫，何必哥哥您亲自去呢？派个人把他叫来得了。”刘备斥责他：“胡说！孔明 是当今大贤。怎么可以随便派个人去呢？”
（在具体的朗读训练之后）
师：什么叫“大贤”？老师先来考考大家。你们知道武艺十分高强的人叫什么？
生：大侠！
师：家里钱非常多的人呢？
生：大款！
师：能够做一桌美味佳肴的人呢？
生：大厨！
师：当今非常出名的歌星、影星叫什么？
生：大腕！
师：在文学、艺术方面具有高深造诣的人？
生：大师！
师：现在你明白什么叫“大贤”了吗？
生：就是指在道德和才华方面非常出众的人。
生：就是指在思想素质和才华能力方面最伟大的人。
问题：结合《语文课程标准》的学习，你认为本案例“词义教学”给你什么启示？（20分）
简述小学德育目标确立的依据。
简述小学生品德发展的基本特征。
在对学生进行心理辅导时，常使用的强化法属于（ ）。
对预防沙眼来说，以下哪种做法是正确的？（ ）
根据教学评价的功能，可将其分为（ ）。
按学生的智力测验分数和学业成绩把学生分成不同的班组进行学习，这是（ ）。
“自信、坚强、勤奋”描写的是人的（ ）特征。
