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Passage 1
Kimberley Asselin sits in a rocking chair in front of her 22kindergartners, a glistening smile across her face as she greets them for themorning. Even at 9 a.m., she is effervescent and charismatic.
Yet behind Asselin′s bright expression, her enthusiasm is fading.
Asselin,24, is days away from finishing her first year as a teacher, the career of her dreams since shewas a little girl giving arithmetic lessons on a dry-erase board to her stuffed bears and dolls.
While she began the school year in Virginia′s Fairfax County full of optimism, Asselin nowfinds herself, as many young teachers do, questioning her future as an educator. What changed in themonths between August and June She says that an onslaught of tests that she′s required to give toher five-and six-year-old students has brought her down to reality.
"It′ s more than a first-year teacher ever imagines," Asselin said."You definitely have a lot ofhighs and lows, and it keeps going up and down and up and down."
New federal data that the Education Department released in April shows that about 10 percent ofnew teachers leave the profession within the first year on the job, and 17 percent leave within five yearsof starting. Though far lower than earlier estimates, it still means that many young educators bail fromthe classroom before they gain much of a foothold. For Asselin, testing has been the biggest stressor.
The proliferation of testing in schools has become one of the most contentious topics in U.S.education. The exams can alter the course of a student′s schooling and can determine whether ateacher is promoted or fired. In Virginia, schools earn grades on state-issued report cards based onthe scores students earn on mandatory end-of-year exams.
The Fairfax County school system, one of the nation′s largest, boasts that its kindergartenstudents take part in coursework that exceeds the state′ s standards. Unlike most states, Virginia hasnever adopted the Common Core State Standards, but Virginia officials say that the state′ s academicstandards are just as--or more--rigorous.
Asselin said that means that even the youngest students in public school are trader an academicmicroscope, making kindergarten about far more than socialization and play time.
According to the author, what kind of place is a kindergarten supposed to be
推断题。题干：作者认为，幼儿园应该是什么样的地方。根据最后一段最后一句“makingkindergarten aboutfarmorethan socialization andplaytime”可以推断幼儿园应该是一个进行社会活动和玩耍的地方，故选D。A项“学业训练的地方”，B项“读和写的地方”，C项“没有考试的地方”，都不正确。
设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计一节英语语言知识课的教学方案。教案没有固定格式，但必须包含下列要点：
●teaching objectives
●teaching contents
●key and difficult points
●major steps and time allocation
●activities and justifications
教学时间：45分钟
学生概况：某城镇普通中学八年级（初中二年级）学生，班级人数40人。多数已经达到《义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）》三级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。
语言素材：
下列教学片段选自某一初中课堂实录，阅读后回答问题。
T：Could you play games on Internet every evening，boys and girls?
Ss：Sorry．I couldn’t．
T：On what day could you play them every week?
Ss：Only on Saturday and Sunday．
T：Oh!We could say you could play games twice a week．I could go visit my friends on Monday and Tuesday evenings．So we could say I could go visit my friends twice a week．What does TWICE here mean?
Ss：It means“两次”．
T：Great!Then you will be divided into groups，four in one group，to make sentences as many as possible by“Could you…every week?”and“twice a week”．After 5 minutes，I’ll invite one speaker out of each group to present in class．
问题：
（1）该片段反映了教学中哪两个环节?
（2）分析这两个教学环节的目的。
（3）从教学有效性的角度评价这个教学片段（至少写两个要点）。
课堂提问是课堂教学过程中教师和学生交流的方式之一，请简述课堂提问的要求。
It is plain that in the year 2020 everyone will have at his elbow several times more mechanical energy than he has today．There will be advance in biological knowledge as far reaching as those that have been made in physics．We are only beginning to learn that we can control our biological environment as well as our physical one．Starvation has been predicted twice to a growing world population：by Malthus in about 1800．by Crookes in about 1900．It was headed off the first time by taking agriculture to America and the second time by using the new fertilizers．In the year 2020，starvation will be headed off by the control of the diseases and the heredity of plants and animals--by shaping our own biological environment．
Now I come back to the haunting theme of automation．The most common species in the factory today is the man who works or minds a simple machine--the operator．By the year 2020，the repetitive tasks of industry will be taken over by the machines，as the heavy tasks were taken over long ago；and the mental tedium will go the way of physical exhaustion．Today we still distinguish，even among repetitive jobs，between the skilled and the unskilled；but in the year 2020 all repetition will be unskilled．We simply waste our time if we oppose this change；it is as inevitable as the year 2020 itself．
If the predictions of the writer are realized，the demand for the unskilled workers in 21 st century will be__________．
It is plain that in the year 2020 everyone will have at his elbow several times more mechanical energy than he has today．There will be advance in biological knowledge as far reaching as those that have been made in physics．We are only beginning to learn that we can control our biological environment as well as our physical one．Starvation has been predicted twice to a growing world population：by Malthus in about 1800．by Crookes in about 1900．It was headed off the first time by taking agriculture to America and the second time by using the new fertilizers．In the year 2020，starvation will be headed off by the control of the diseases and the heredity of plants and animals--by shaping our own biological environment．
Now I come back to the haunting theme of automation．The most common species in the factory today is the man who works or minds a simple machine--the operator．By the year 2020，the repetitive tasks of industry will be taken over by the machines，as the heavy tasks were taken over long ago；and the mental tedium will go the way of physical exhaustion．Today we still distinguish，even among repetitive jobs，between the skilled and the unskilled；but in the year 2020 all repetition will be unskilled．We simply waste our time if we oppose this change；it is as inevitable as the year 2020 itself．
Repetitive tasks in industry lead to__________．
It is plain that in the year 2020 everyone will have at his elbow several times more mechanical energy than he has today．There will be advance in biological knowledge as far reaching as those that have been made in physics．We are only beginning to learn that we can control our biological environment as well as our physical one．Starvation has been predicted twice to a growing world population：by Malthus in about 1800．by Crookes in about 1900．It was headed off the first time by taking agriculture to America and the second time by using the new fertilizers．In the year 2020，starvation will be headed off by the control of the diseases and the heredity of plants and animals--by shaping our own biological environment．
Now I come back to the haunting theme of automation．The most common species in the factory today is the man who works or minds a simple machine--the operator．By the year 2020，the repetitive tasks of industry will be taken over by the machines，as the heavy tasks were taken over long ago；and the mental tedium will go the way of physical exhaustion．Today we still distinguish，even among repetitive jobs，between the skilled and the unskilled；but in the year 2020 all repetition will be unskilled．We simply waste our time if we oppose this change；it is as inevitable as the year 2020 itself．
According to the passage，starvation__________·
It is plain that in the year 2020 everyone will have at his elbow several times more mechanical energy than he has today．There will be advance in biological knowledge as far reaching as those that have been made in physics．We are only beginning to learn that we can control our biological environment as well as our physical one．Starvation has been predicted twice to a growing world population：by Malthus in about 1800．by Crookes in about 1900．It was headed off the first time by taking agriculture to America and the second time by using the new fertilizers．In the year 2020，starvation will be headed off by the control of the diseases and the heredity of plants and animals--by shaping our own biological environment．
Now I come back to the haunting theme of automation．The most common species in the factory today is the man who works or minds a simple machine--the operator．By the year 2020，the repetitive tasks of industry will be taken over by the machines，as the heavy tasks were taken over long ago；and the mental tedium will go the way of physical exhaustion．Today we still distinguish，even among repetitive jobs，between the skilled and the unskilled；but in the year 2020 all repetition will be unskilled．We simply waste our time if we oppose this change；it is as inevitable as the year 2020 itself．
Advances in biological knowledge__________．
It is plain that in the year 2020 everyone will have at his elbow several times more mechanical energy than he has today．There will be advance in biological knowledge as far reaching as those that have been made in physics．We are only beginning to learn that we can control our biological environment as well as our physical one．Starvation has been predicted twice to a growing world population：by Malthus in about 1800．by Crookes in about 1900．It was headed off the first time by taking agriculture to America and the second time by using the new fertilizers．In the year 2020，starvation will be headed off by the control of the diseases and the heredity of plants and animals--by shaping our own biological environment．
Now I come back to the haunting theme of automation．The most common species in the factory today is the man who works or minds a simple machine--the operator．By the year 2020，the repetitive tasks of industry will be taken over by the machines，as the heavy tasks were taken over long ago；and the mental tedium will go the way of physical exhaustion．Today we still distinguish，even among repetitive jobs，between the skilled and the unskilled；but in the year 2020 all repetition will be unskilled．We simply waste our time if we oppose this change；it is as inevitable as the year 2020 itself．
The article was written to__________．
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants．In his reinterpretation，migration becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of preindustrial North America．His approach rests on four separate propositions．
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their countryside；migrating to the New World was simply a“natural spillover”．Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for the English--They would rather have stayed home—by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity．
Secondly，Bailyn holds that，contrary to the notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks，there was never a typical New World community．For example，the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably．
Bailyn’s third proposition suggests two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants：one group came as indentured servants，another came to acquire land．Surprisingly，Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration．
These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to preindustrial North America．At first，thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited；by the 1730’s，however，American employers demanded skilled artisans．
Finally，Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system．He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo—American empire．
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery，as Bailyn does，devalues the achievements of colonial culture.It is true．as Bailyn claims that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England．But what of seventeenth—century New England，where the settlers created effective laws，built a distinguished university，and published books?Bailyn might respond that New England was exceptional. However，the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North American culture．
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution，he fails to link their experience with the political development of the United States．Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection．These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American employers．It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal independence by acquiring land．Thus，it is in the west that a peculiarly American political culture began，among colonists who were suspicious of authority and intensely anti—aristocratic．
The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about Bailyn’s work?
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants．In his reinterpretation，migration becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of preindustrial North America．His approach rests on four separate propositions．
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their countryside；migrating to the New World was simply a“natural spillover”．Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for the English--They would rather have stayed home—by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity．
Secondly，Bailyn holds that，contrary to the notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks，there was never a typical New World community．For example，the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably．
Bailyn’s third proposition suggests two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants：one group came as indentured servants，another came to acquire land．Surprisingly，Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration．
These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to preindustrial North America．At first，thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited；by the 1730’s，however，American employers demanded skilled artisans．
Finally，Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system．He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo—American empire．
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery，as Bailyn does，devalues the achievements of colonial culture.It is true．as Bailyn claims that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England．But what of seventeenth—century New England，where the settlers created effective laws，built a distinguished university，and published books?Bailyn might respond that New England was exceptional. However，the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North American culture．
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution，he fails to link their experience with the political development of the United States．Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection．These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American employers．It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal independence by acquiring land．Thus，it is in the west that a peculiarly American political culture began，among colonists who were suspicious of authority and intensely anti—aristocratic．
According to the text，Bailyn and the author agree on which of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England?
