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Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants．In his reinterpretation，migration becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of preindustrial North America．His approach rests on four separate propositions．
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their countryside；migrating to the New World was simply a“natural spillover”．Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for the English--They would rather have stayed home—by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity．
Secondly，Bailyn holds that，contrary to the notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks，there was never a typical New World community．For example，the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably．
Bailyn’s third proposition suggests two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants：one group came as indentured servants，another came to acquire land．Surprisingly，Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration．
These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to preindustrial North America．At first，thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited；by the 1730’s，however，American employers demanded skilled artisans．
Finally，Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system．He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo—American empire．
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery，as Bailyn does，devalues the achievements of colonial culture.It is true．as Bailyn claims that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England．But what of seventeenth—century New England，where the settlers created effective laws，built a distinguished university，and published books?Bailyn might respond that New England was exceptional. However，the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North American culture．
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution，he fails to link their experience with the political development of the United States．Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection．These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American employers．It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal independence by acquiring land．Thus，it is in the west that a peculiarly American political culture began，among colonists who were suspicious of authority and intensely anti—aristocratic．
According to the text，Bailyn and the author agree on which of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England?
细节理解题。由第四段第四句话可知，作者和Bailyn都认为殖民地的高雅文化和英国的高雅文化不一致，由此选A。
阅读下列材料内容，根据课程标准要求，写出教学内容的教学难点及理由(9分)，并设计突破这一难题的教学策略。(17分)
世界上一切事物都包含着既相互对立．又相互统一的两个方面。矛盾就是反映事物内部对立统一关系的哲学范畴。简言之，矛盾就是对立统一。矛盾的对立属性是斗争性，矛盾的统一属性是同一性。它们是矛盾所固有的相反相成的两种基本属性。
矛盾的统一性，是矛盾双方相互吸引，相互联结的属性和趋势，它有两方面的含义：一是矛盾双方相互依赖，一方的存在以另一方的存在为前提，双方共处于一个统一体中；二是矛盾双方相互贯通，即相互渗透，相互包含，在一定条件下相互转化。
矛盾的斗争性，是矛盾双方相互排斥、相互对立的属性。它体现着对立双方相互分离的倾向和趋势。
同一性以差别和对立为前提。没有斗争性，就没有矛盾双方的相互依存和相互贯通，事物就不能存在和发展。斗争性寓于同一性之中，并为同一性所制约，没有同一性，就没有矛盾统一体的存在，事物同样不能存在和发展。矛盾双方既对立又统一，由此推动了事物的运动、变化和发展。
——摘自人民教育出版社普通高中课程标准实验教科书《思想政治必修4——生活与哲学》“矛盾的同一性和斗争性”。
下面是某校高二年级一道学业水平考试的模拟试题及答案要点。
人类离不开海洋，离不开资源丰富的家园，随着人们对海洋资源的肆意开发和狂捕滥捞，近海渔业资源急剧衰竭。浙江象山21名渔老大通过电子邮件和漂流瓶，向联合国和21个滨海国家元首呼吁每年在鱼类产卵和繁殖的高峰季节禁止捕鱼，并向世界渔民发出“蓝色保护志愿者”行动倡议。渔老大的呼吁和倡议，折射出政治、经济、哲学等多方面问题。结合上述材料，以“从渔老大的呼吁看……”为题，分别从《经济生活》《政治生活》《生活与哲学》的角度拟一个课题．并说明理由。
【答案要点】
(1)从渔老大的呼吁看国家宏观调控的必要性。市场调节具有自发性、盲目性和滞后性特点。在近海渔业资源急剧衰竭的背景下，需要国家规定相应的禁渔期以增加渔业资源的发展量。
(2)从渔老大的呼吁看，国家必须增加社会主义法制建设。国家应制定渔业生产法规，以规范渔民与捕捞行为。
(3)从渔老大的呼吁看，必须正确处理尊重客观规律和发挥主观能动性的关系。如果在鱼类产卵和繁殖高峰期捕鱼，势必影响今后的渔业生产。(其他答案，可根据是否与题目具有相关性以及所运用知识的合理性酌情给分)
问题：请根据新课程倡导的评价理念对上述试题及答案作简要评述。(20分)
阅读材料，并回答问题。
材料一：
下列是《文化生活》中“文化创新的源泉和作用”这一教学内容的教学实录片段：
问题：结合该市发展的实际，谈谈社会实践与文化创新的关系。(20分)
传统的思想政治课教学中，教师更注重学生的学习成绩，而忽视对学生情感、态度、价值观的培养。
问题：运用新课程理念，就如何解决这一问题谈谈你的看法。(12分)
材料一：
材料二：
科学发展观的核心是以人为本。要始终把实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民的根本利益作为党和国家一切工作的出发点和落脚点。科学发展观的基本要求是全面协调可持续，要按照中国特色社会主义事业总体布局，全面推进经济、政治、文化、社会建设。科学发展观的根本方法是统筹兼顾，要统筹城乡发展、区域发展、人与自然和谐发展。
问题：结合上述材料说明我国政府是怎样通过财政支出进一步落实科学发展观的。(12分)
人是法律关系的主体。法律要求尊重每个人的人格和尊严。下面属于民法中人身权的是（ ）。
①用益物权②名誉权③隐私权④生命健康权
我国合同法规定的承担的合同违约责任方式是（ ）。
①继续履行②支付违约金③赔偿损失④返还财产
法律是维持社会秩序、调整社会关系的一种行为规范，法律的主要内容（ ）。
中华文化博大精深，处处闪烁着辩证法思想的光辉。“千里之行，始于足下”“推陈出新，革故鼎新”“因地制宜．因材施教”“金无足赤．人无完人”所蕴含的哲学道理依次是（ ）。
①矛盾具有特殊性，要具体问题具体分析
②辩证的否定是“扬弃”，是事物发展的环节
③量变是质变的必要准备，质变是量变的必然结果④事物的性质是由主要矛盾的主要方面决定的，看问题要一分为二
求真务实不可能一蹴而就。一劳永逸。彼时的“真”不能代替此时的“真”，彼时的“实”不能代替此时的“实”。这段话强调了（ ）。
