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设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计20分钟的英语阅读教学方案。
该方案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点：
●teaching objectives
●teaching contents
●key and difficult points
●major steps and time allocation
●activities and justifications
教学时间：20分钟
学生概况：某城镇普通高中二年级（第一学期）学生，班级人数40人。多数学生已经达到《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》六级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。 语言素材：
Words, words, words British and American English are different in many ways. The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary. There are hundreds of different words which are not used on the other side of the Atlantic, or which are used with a different meaning. Some of these words are well known—Americans drive automobiles down freeways and fill up with gas; the British drive cars along motorways and fill up with petrol. As a tourist, you will need to use the
underground in London or the subway in New York, or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi (British) or cab (American). Chips or French fries? But other words and expressions are not so well known. Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, it?s a torch. The British queue up; Americans stand in line. Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing. Chips, for example, are pieces of hot fried potato in Britain; in the States chips are very thin and are sold in packets. The British call these crisps. The chips the British know and love are French fries on the other side of the Atlantic. Have or have got? There are a few differences in grammar, too. The British say Have you got ...? While Americans prefer Do you have ...? An American might say My friend just arrived, but a British person would say My friend has just arrived. Prepositions, too, can be different: compare on the team, on the weekend (American) with in the team, at the weekend (British). The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them (I’ll see you Monday; Write me soon!). Colour or color? The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation. American spelling seems simpler: center, color and program instead of' centre, colour and progromme. Many factors have influenced American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived four hundred years ago. The accent, which is most similar to British English, can be heard on the East Coast of the US. When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences. But are they really so important? After all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them. A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.
Class Type: Reading class Teaching Contents: This passage is about some differences between British English and American English. Teaching Objectives: Knowledge objective: Students will know some differences between British English and American English. Ability objectives: (1) Students can identify a variety of English. (2) Students are able to find out the main idea and the details of a passage. Emotional objective:
After this lesson, students will have more interest in exploring the English language culture. Teaching Key＆Difficult Points: Teaching key point: How to make students grasp some details of the passage and read it in different ways. Teaching difficult point: How to encourage students to have confidence in learning English. Major Steps: Step 1 Pre-reading (3minutes) Let students hear recordings of accents from around the English speaking world. (Justification: This step can help students notice the difference of English.) Step 2 While-reading (12 minutes) 1. Fast reading Ask the students to scan the text and find the differences between American English and British English. Invitetwo students to answer it and then show the answer on the PPT. (Vocabulary, grammar, spelling, pronunciation). (Justification: Students will have a general idea of this passage, and their reading ability of scanning can be practiced.) 2. Careful reading Ask the students to read the paragraphs carefully and find the specific differences between British English and American English. Later students should give their answers; teacher will show the details on the PowerPoint.
Differences American English British English Vocabulary automobile, freeway, gas car, highway, petrol Grammar Do vou have…?Write me soon! Have you Lot?？ Write in the soon! Spelling center, color, program centre, colour, programme Pronunciation accent on the East Coast New York accent London accent Glasgow accent (in)
(Justification: Students will understand more about the passage and improve their reading ability.) Step 3 Post-reading (5 minutes) Ask the students to discuss one question in group of four, and then share their opinions. Q: Are there any differences between Chinese in different provinces? (Justification: Help students have more confidence in speaking English and they will get the consciousness of cooperation.)
根据下列材料，按要求完成教学设计任务。
材料一：
《普通高中历史课程标准(2017 年版)》规定：通过了解三国两晋南北朝政权更迭的历史脉络，隋唐时期封建社会的高度繁荣，认识三国两晋南北朝至隋唐时期的制度变化与创新，民族交融、区域开发和思想文化领域的新成就。
材料二：
课文摘录：
唐朝是中国文学发展的又一个高峰。诗歌创作进入黄金时代。流传下来的有 2000 多位诗人创作的近 5 万首诗歌，很多脍炙人口的佳作，成为千古绝唱。李白、杜甫的诗作代表了唐诗的最高水平，他们分别被誉为“诗仙”和“诗圣”。
这一时期，书法、绘画、雕塑、舞蹈等大放光彩。书法在东汉末年成为一种艺术。魏晋南北朝时期，隶书、草书、楷书和行书等各种书体均已完备。东晋大书法家王羲之博采众长，诸体兼精，世称“书圣”。隋唐时期的书法艺术，融汇了南朝的秀美和北朝的雄健，创出新风格。颜真卿气势雄浑的颜体和柳公权骨力遒劲的柳体最为有名。魏晋南北朝的绘画，成就斐然。东晋开始出现知名的专职画家，以顾恺之为代表。他提出“以形写神”，所画人物栩栩如生，《女史箴图》和《洛神赋图》是他的代表作。隋唐的画坛，题材广泛，风格多样。宗教画生活气息浓厚，人物画注重表现人的形态，山水、花鸟也成为绘画主题。唐朝的吴道子被尊为“画圣”。魏晋至隋唐时期，因佛教广泛传播而修造的石窟寺很多。山西大同的云冈石窟、河南洛阳的龙门石窟、甘肃敦煌莫高窟等，都是闻名世界的艺术宝库
要求：根据课程标准要求和课文内容，设计出相关的教学过程，包括教学环节、教师活动和学生活动，并说明设计意图。
怎么办呢，去罗马!那可是传说中的“上帝之城”，教皇的所在地，最接近上帝的地方。路德满怀期待地启程又满怀失望地回来了。为什么呢？因为路德发现自己被骗了：这哪里上帝之城？罗马灯红酒绿，神职人员不学无术、声色犬马。把灵魂交给这样的群体，怎么可能进天堂？路德想，看来得救还是得靠自己。从罗马回来后，路德专注于对于原始经典《圣经》的研究，获得了神学博士的学位。这一时期，他开始摆脱罗马教会的权威理论，对得救的方法和途径形成了自己的独立见解。
问题：
(1)对这位教师的讲述，你如何评价?请说出你的理由。(6 分)
(2)历史教师在讲授有关思想史的内容时应注意哪些问题?(10 分)
材料一：
下面是某校历史学业水平考试中的一道试题。
材料二：
问题：
(1)这道题主要考查了什么内容和能力，难易度如何?(6 分)
(2)请从学生知识和题目命制两个方面，分析学生误选 D 项的原因。(6 分)
(3)针对上述原因，教师应采取哪些改进策略?(4 分)
材料：
1905 年 8 月 9 日，在美国的调停下，日、俄在美国的朴茨茅斯开始谈判。9 月 5 日，日俄两国签订《朴茨茅斯和约》，重要条款包括：①俄国承认日本在朝鲜的独占利益；②俄国将辽东半岛的租借权、南满铁路及有关特权均无偿转让给日本；③以北纬 50 度为界，将库页岛南部及其附近岛屿让给日本；④俄国在中国东北撤兵，除辽东半岛外，东北的一切地方均交还中国。
——摘自齐世荣主编《世界史》现代卷
问题：
(1)材料中所说的《朴茨茅斯和约》签订的历史背景是什么?(8 分)
(2)根据材料并结合所学知识，概述这一和约对中国造成的危害。(8 分)
简述高中与初中历史教学衔接应注意的问题。
在历史课堂教学中组织以学生为主体的活动，教师应注意哪些问题?
法国大革命前夕，“旧制度”的危机有哪些主要表现?
斯塔夫里阿诺斯在评论一位科学家时说，他“因为发现支配宇宙中的物体的定律而统治 17 世纪的科学”。这位 科学家指的是( )。
据统计，福建宁德地区的粮食产量从 1978 年的 70 万吨提高到 1983 年的 82 万吨；1992 年全区 16．6 万个贫困 户累计解决温饱 16．1 万户。导致这一结果的直接原因是( )。
规定取消旧的公行制度、允许英商在通商口岸自由交易的不平等条约是( )。
