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发布时间： 2021-06-25 14:26
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灯笼起源于东汉, 最初主要用于照明。在唐代，人们用红灯笼来庆祝安定的生活。从那时起，灯笼在中国的许多地方流行起来。灯笼通常用色彩鲜艳的薄纸制作，形状和尺寸各异。在中国传统文化中，红灯笼象征生活美满和生意兴隆，通常在春节、元宵节和国庆等节日期间悬挂。如今，世界上许多其他地方也能看到红灯笼。
Lanterns originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and were at first used primarily for lighting. In the Tang Dynasty, people used red lanterns to celebrate a stable life. Since then, lanterns have became popular in many parts of China. Lanterns are usually made of brightly-colored tissue paper in a variety of shapes and sizes. In traditional Chinese culture, red lanterns symbolize a happy life and flourishing business, usually hung during festivals like the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival and National Day. Today, red lanterns can be seen in many other parts of the world.
本题解析：暂无解析
People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.
The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.
James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. "An individual's genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays e less key role," he added.
A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. "Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy," he said. "This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular (心血管的）disease among taller people."
But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.
"One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s," said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.
Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications. "How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew u
BCABD
本题解析：
上个世纪人们长高了，韩国女性平均身高增加了 20 厘米以上，伊朗男性增加了 16.5 厘米。一项全球研究调查了 1914 年至 2014 年间 200 个国家/地区 18 岁青少年的平均身高。
结果显示，虽然瑞典人在 1914 年是世界上最高的人，但荷兰男性已经从第 12 位上升到平均身高 182.5 厘米的榜首。与此同时，拉脱维亚女性从 1914 年的第 28 位上升到一个世纪后成为世界上最高的女性，平均身高为 169.8 厘米。
伦敦帝国理工学院研究的合著者 James Bentham 表示，全球趋势可能主要是由于营养和医疗保健的改善。“一个人的基因对他们的身高有很大的影响，但是一旦你对整个人群进行平均，基因的作用就不那么重要了，”他补充道。
帝国理工学院的 Elio Riboli 说，稍微高一点会带来很多好处。“更高与更长的预期寿命有关，”他说。“这主要是由于较高的人死于心血管（心血管）疾病的风险较低。”
Riboli 说，虽然世界各地的身高都在增加，但北非和撒哈拉以南非洲许多国家的这一趋势令人担忧。虽然 20 世纪初乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加，但近年来这一趋势发生了逆转，18 岁儿童的身高有所下降。
“身高下降的一个原因是 1980 年代的经济形势，”萨塞克斯大学的亚历山大莫拉迪说。他说，结构调整政策带来的营养和健康危机导致许多儿童和青少年未能在身高方面充分发挥潜力。
Bentham 认为，全球身高增长趋势具有重要意义。“我们现在的身高受到我们成长环境的强烈影响，”他说。“如果我们现在就给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们将在未来几十年变得更健康、更有效率。”
According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.
So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it's not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.
It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women's family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren't more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.
Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate （选民）and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.
As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it's only a matter of time before as many women are in top executiv
DCBDA
本题解析：
根据大多数美国人的看法，女性完全有能力成为优秀的政治领袖。他们在公司董事会中的主导能力也是如此。而根据皮尤研究中心（Pew Research Center）一项关于女性与领导力的最新调查，大多数美国人发现女性在智力和创新能力等关键领导特质上与男性没有什么区别，许多人表示，在成为充满激情和有组织的领导者方面，她们比男性更强大。
那么，为什么女性在美国政府和企业的高层供不应求呢？至少在公众看来，这并不是说他们缺乏韧性、管理才能或适当的技能。
这也不仅仅是关于工作与生活的平衡。尽管经济研究和之前的调查结果表明，与母亲有关的职业中断可能会使女性更难在职业生涯中取得进步并竞争高管职位，但在最近的调查中，相对较少的成年人指出这是女性寻求工作的主要障碍。领导角色。只有大约五分之一的人表示，女性的家庭责任是商界和政界高层领导职位中女性人数减少的主要原因。
相反，排在首位的原因是，大约十分之四的美国人指出，对于寻求登上政治或商业最高层的女性，她们必须比男性同行做更多的事情来证明自己，这是双重标准。类似的观点认为选民（选民）和美国企业界还没有准备好让更多女性担任高层领导职位。
因此，尽管女性在工作场所取得了重大进展，但公众对美国企业的失衡在可预见的未来是否会改变存在分歧。虽然 53% 的人认为未来男性将继续担任更多的企业高管职位，但 44% 的人表示，女性担任高管职位的人数与男性一样多，这只是时间问题。美国人在政治方面的疑虑较少：73% 的人希望在有生之年看到一位女总统。
Just because they can't sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn't mean that animals don't have culture. There's no better example of this than killer whales. As one of the most __26__ predators （食肉动物）, killer whales may not fit the __27__ of a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly __28__ behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.
The word "culture" comes from the Latin "colere," which __29__ means "to cultivate." In other words, it refers to anything that is __30__ or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic __31__ that help them digest and utilize this fat- rich diet, thereby allowing them to __32__ in their cold climate.
Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different __33__ across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet with an empire that __34__ from pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey （猎物）. This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to __35__ that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals, genetic development.
A) acquired
B) adaptations
C) brutal
D) deliberately
E) expressed
F) extends
G) habitats
H) humble
I) image
J) literally
K) refined
L) revolves
M) speculate
N) structure
O) thrive
26-35：CIKJA BOGFM
本题解析：暂无解析
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a Hope Elementary School organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
A two-day visit to Fanhai Hope Elementary School organized by the Student Union of our university has been completed as scheduled this weekend.
Aiming at fostering college students' service awareness and helping pupils of rural areas better understand the colorful college life so as to motivate them to study harder, the Student Union organized an activity named A Trip of Love Seed. A team of 30 college students' participated in this trip. The visit was warmly welcomed by all the students and staff of Fanhai, followed by a range of colorful activities, such as the interaction among students about the fascinating college life, a visit to the school art show of students' works of painting and handicraft and teaching activities focusing on showing the magical science world to the pupils.
Both the pupils and our college students were actively involved in all these brilliant activities. And the headmaster of Fanhai spoke highly of this trip as well as the devotion, enthusiasm and creativity of our students.
本题解析：
我校学生会组织的范海希望小学为期两天的访问已于本周末如期完成。
为了培养大学生的服务意识，帮助农村学生更好地了解丰富多彩的大学生活，激励他们更加努力地学习，学生会组织了“爱心种子之旅”活动。一个由30名大学生组成的团队参加了这次旅行。参观活动受到了泛海全体师生的热烈欢迎，随后还开展了一系列丰富多彩的活动，如同学们相互交流精彩的大学生活，参观学校学生绘画作品和手工艺品艺术展，以及向学生展示神奇科学世界的教学活动。
学生们和我们的大学生都积极参加了所有这些精彩的活动。范海校长高度评价了这次旅行，以及我们学生的奉献精神、热情和创造力。
剪纸是中国民间艺术的一种独特形式，已有2000多年历史。剪纸很可能源于汉代，继纸张发明之后。从此，它在中国的许多地方得到了普及。剪纸用的材料和工具很简单：纸和剪刀。剪纸作品通常是用红纸做成的，因为红色在中国传统文化中与幸福相联。因此，在婚礼、春节等喜庆场合，红颜色的剪纸是门窗装饰的首选。
Paper cutting is a unique form of Chinese folk art and has a history of more than 2,000 years. Paper cutting probably originates in the Han Dynasty, following the invention of paper. Since then, it has gained popularity in many places of China. The materials and tools used for paper cutting are simple: paper and scissors. Paper-cuts are usually made of red paper, because red is associated with happiness in traditional Chinese culture. Therefore, on festive occasions such as weddings and the Chinese New Year, red paper-cuts are the first choice for decorating doors and windows.
本题解析：暂无解析
Online programs to fight depression are already commercially available. While they sound efficient and cost-saving, a recent study reports that they are not effective, primarily because depressed patients are not likely to engage with them or stick with them.
The study looked at computer-assisted cognitive （认知的）behavioral therapy (CBT) and found that it was no more effective in treating depression than the usual care patients receive from a primary care doctor.
Traditional CBT is considered an effective form of talk therapy for depression, helping people challenge negative thoughts and change the way they think in order to change their mood and behaviors. However, online CBT programs have been gaining popularity, with the attraction of providing low-cost help wherever someone has access to a computer.
A team of researchers from the University of York conducted a randomized （随机的）control trial with 691 depressed patients from 83 physician practices across England. The patients were split into three groups: one group received only usual care from a physician while the other two groups received usual care I from a physician plus one of two computerized CBT programs. Participants were balanced across the three groups for age, sex, educational background' severity and duration of depression, and use of antidepressants （抗抑郁药）.
After four months, the patients using the computerized CBT programs had no improvement in depression levels over the patients who were only getting usual care from their doctors.
"It's an important, cautionary note that we shouldn't get too carried away with the idea that a computer system can replace doctors and therapists," says Christopher Dowrick, a professor of primary medical care at the University of Liverpool. "We do still need the human touch or the human interaction, particularly when people are depressed. "
Being depressed can mean feeling "lost in your own small&#
51-55：ACABD
本题解析：暂无解析
Most kids grow up learning they cannot draw on the walls. But it might be time to unlearn that training-this summer, a group of culture addicts, artists and community organizers are inviting New Yorkers to write all over the walls of an old house on Governor's Island.
The project is called Writing On It All, and it's a participatory writing project and artistic experiment that has happened on Governor's Island every summer since 2013.
"Most of the participants are people who are just walking by or are on the island for other reasons, or they just kind of happen to be there," Alexandra Chasin, artistic director of Writing On It All, tells Smithsonian, com.
The 2016 season runs through June 26 and features sessions facilitated by everyone from dancers to domestic workers. Each session has a theme, and participants are given a variety of materials and prompts and asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art. This year, the programs range from one that turns the house into a collaborative essay to one that explores the meaning of exile.
Governor's Island is a national historic landmark district long used for military purposes. Now known as "New York's shared space for art and play," the island, which lies between Manhattan and Brooklyn in Upper New York Bay, is closed to cars but open to summer tourists who flock for festivals, picnics, adventures, as well as these "legal graffiti (涂鸦）" sessions.
The notes and art scribbled (涂画）on the walls are an experiment in self-expression. So far, participants have ranged in age from 2 to 85. Though Chasin says the focus of the work is on the activity of writing, rather than the text that ends up getting written, some of the work that comes out of the sessions has stuck with her.
"One of the sessions that moved me the most was state violence on black women and black girls," says Chasin, explaining that in one room, people wrote
46-50：CDBAD
本题解析：暂无解析
A) We've always been a hands-on, do it-yourself kind of nation. Ben Franklin, one of America's founding fathers, didn't just invent the lightning rod. His creations include glasses, innovative stoves and more.
B) Franklin, who was largely self-taught, may have been a genius, but he wasn't really an exception when it comes to American making and creativity.
C) The personal computing revolution and philosophy of disruptive innovation of Silicon Valley grew, in part, out of the creations of the Homebrew Computer Club, which was founded in a garage in Menlo Park, California, in the mid-1970s. Members-including guys named Jobs and Wozniak-started making and inventing things they couldn't buy.
D) So it's no surprise that the Maker Movement today is thriving in communities and some schools across America. Making is available to ordinary people who aren't tied to big companies, big defense labs or research universities. The maker philosophy echoes old ideas advocated by John Dewey, Montessori, and even ancient Greek philosophers, as we pointed out recently.
E) These maker spaces are often outside of classrooms, and are serving an important educational function. The Maker Movement is rediscovering learning by doing, which is Dewey's phrase from 100 years ago. We are rediscovering Dewey and Montessori and a lot of the practices that they pioneered that have been forgotten or at least put aside. A maker space is a place which can be in a school, but it doesn't look like a classroom. It can be in a library. It can be out in the community. It has tools and materials. It's a place where you get to make things based on your interest and on what you, re learning to do.
F) Ideas about learning by doing have struggled to become mainstream educationally, despite being old concepts from Dewey and Montessori, Plato and Aristotle, and in the American context, Ralph Emerson, on the value of experience and self-relian
36-45：ELHFA JGNDI
本题解析：暂无解析
Ships are often sunk in order to create underwater reefs （暗礁） perfect for scuba diving （水肺式潜泳） and preserving marine __26__. Turkish authorities have just sunk something a little different than a ship, and it wouldn't normally ever touch water, an Airbus A300. The hollowed-out A300 was __27__ of everything potentially harmful to the environment and sunk off the Aegean coast today. Not only will the sunken plane __28__ the perfect skeleton for artificial reef growth, but authorities hope this new underwater attraction will bring tourists to the area.
The plane __29__ a total length of 54 meters, where experienced scuba divers will __30__ be able to venture through the cabin and around the plane's __31__ Aydin Municipality bought the plane from a private company for just under US $ 100, 000, but they hope to see a return on that __32__ through the tourism industry. Tourism throughout Turkey is expected to fall this year as the country has been the __33__ of several deadly terrorist attacks. As far as sunken planes go, this Airbus A300 is the largest __34__ sunk aircraft ever.
Taking a trip underwater and __35__ the inside of a sunken A300 would be quite an adventure, and that is exactly what Turkish authorities are hoping this attraction will make people think. Drawing in adventure seekers and experienced divers, this new artificial Airbus reef will be a scuba diver's paradise （天堂）.
A) create
B) depressed
C) eventually
D) experiences
E) exploring
F) exterior
G) habitats
H) innovate
I) intentionally
J) investment
K) revealing
L) stretches
M) stripped
N) territory
O) victim
26-35：GMALC FJOIE
本题解析：暂无解析
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