简述扬州画派的形成原因及艺术成就。
扬州画派的画家大体可分三类:一类是官场失意后来扬州的文人,如郑燮、李鱓与李方膺。第二类是 看破官场腐败,洁身不仕,或因功名不就,甘为布衣的文人画家,如金农、高翔和汪士慎。第三类是出身寒苦,不满现实,早年即卖画为生但亦有文人修养的职业画家,如黄慎、罗聘和华喦,在继承了“文人画”艺术传统的基础上,扬州的画家们在“文人画”的传统题材中赋予新意,构图布局不受成法的约束,自由驰骋笔墨,抒发胸怀,以清高绝俗、清新淋漓的画风出现在清朝画坛上,被当时主张复古的正统画派视之为“怪”。在中国绘画艺术发 展史上,他们打破常规,推陈出新,树一代画风,占有重要位置。
“八怪”中的文人画家与职业画师,既不满于现实,又在卖画于扬州路上殊途同归,相互影响,且受扬州市民阶层喜新尚奇的推动,所以在艺术创作上普遍具有下述特点:师造化、抒个性、用我法、专写意、重神似、端人品和博修养。这些已经职业化的文人画家和已经文人化的职业画家,作品尽管没有也不可能消除封建思想的影响,但在一定程度上挣脱了宫廷?倡的正宗保守艺术的羁绊,或多或少地摆脱了贵逸平和的“士气”与“书卷气”,形成反映时代变化的新风貌,发展了写意画。
1.金农
金农,字寿门,钱塘(今浙江杭州)人,布衣终身,好游历,卒无所遇而归;晚寓扬州,卖书画自给。他嗜奇好学,工于诗文书法,诗文古奥奇特,并精于鉴别;书法创扁笔书体,兼有楷、隶体势,时称“漆书”;53 岁后才工画,其画造型奇古,善用淡墨干笔作花卉小品,尤工画梅;实为扬州八怪之首。代表作品:《自画像》《梅花图》《月华图》《寄人篱下》《墨竹》《采菱图》等。
2.郑燮
郑燮,字克柔,号板桥,江苏兴化人。他是“康熙秀才,雍正举人,乾隆进士”,50 岁始出任山东范县令,后调潍县做县官,亲政爱民,因得罪上级罢官后来扬州卖画。他尤擅长画墨竹,对于前人成法,他主张“学一半,撇一半”“自探灵苗”,不泥古人。在诗书画上均自成家数。
代表作品:《竹石图》《衙斋竹图》《兰竹图》等。
3.黄慎
黄慎,擅肖像、人物、山水、花鸟,来扬州后发展了大写意人物画。他的人物画取材多社会下层人物,立意时见生活情味,形象虽较雷同定型,但能以狂草入画,作风粗豪奔放,气势贯通,别具一格。代表作品:《伏生授经图》《渔妇渔翁图》《携琴女图》《雪景山水》《花卉册》等。
我国保护少年儿童权益的专项法律是《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》。( )
根据以下材料,回答题
If you don′t think a phone is the rightgift for a lover, the smart choice this year is a smart phone.
For people who don′t read instructions
The easiest-to-use phone is the iPhone. It′sthat has pushed it to the No.1 selling position, surpassing the Motorola Razr.The iPhone′s touch screen is easy to operate and it′s also easy to customize (用户化). The iPhone can run allsorts of applications such as those help you to lose weight, identify a song onthe radio, find a restaurant or do many other things.
For the futurist
The T-Mobile G1 is very popular as it is thefirst phone to offer a Google browser, meaning that you′re getting the real webon your phone, but it′s the phone′s potential that qualifies it for the futurist.The exciting applications are interesting, but they don′t always work smoothly.Sometimes it is hard to use the applications it comes with. The system shouldimprove as it becomes more popular, so it holds great promise. With fewrestrictions on the design of applications for the phone,
the G1 could be the first phone toincorporate (整合) some of the coolest.
For the road warrior
The new BlackBerry Storm is something likethe equivalent (等同物) of a mullet--a business up front, party in the back. It stillincorporates the serious mail and organization features that have endeared (使受钟爱) these phones to business people. The 3.25-inch is bright anddetailed and it′s a decent size for watching videos on the go.
For the Luddite (反对技术进步的人)
For those who can′t handle buttons and newfeatures, there is the Samsung Jitterbug Dial. Some people are Luddites whojust want a few large buttons to make calls. That′s it, just calls. That makesit even easier to use an iPhone.
What would be the best title forthe passage (no more than 6 words)
________________________________________________________________________
简述学生的义务。
依据《普通高中英语课程标准》,语言有丰富的文化内涵。教师应根据学生的年龄特点和__________ ,逐步扩展文化知识的内容和范围。
( )提出了一个教师成长公式:经验+反思=成长。
( )、同龄人的交流、儿童的养育实践、教育与文化是影响儿童道德发展的主要因素。
恩格斯评论一位法国人是“德国革命原理的传播者,旧的封建社会的摧毁人”。恩格斯评论的是__________。
加涅认为复述不仅能有利于保持信息以便进行编码,也能增加短时记忆的容量。( )
聚合思维
一般而言,学习动机越强,学习效果越好。()