莫高窟第（　　）窟出现最早纪年题记。-名校题库网

莫高窟第（　　）窟出现最早纪年题记。

A.285
B.96
C.257
D.275

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答案： A

本题解析：

A项：第285窟是莫高窟最重要的洞窟之一，它是早期洞窟中唯一有年代确切的题记，“大代大魏大统年岁次午八月是旬造”，“大代大魏大统五年五月二十一造诣”，即公元538-539年。造窟时，为鲜卑北魏皇族、东阳王、瓜州（敦煌）刺史元荣。王者之窟自然是“大窟”。

并且表现出传统风格进一步的发展和莫高窟与中原地区石窟造像的联系。第285窟有537年、538年的题记，这个时候北魏已经分裂为东魏和西魏。西魏的瓜州刺史东阳王元荣，大力提倡佛教和佛教造像，元荣曾组织人抄写佛经，以100卷为一批，传播过数批佛经，他对于莫高窟的发展起到了一定的作用。

B项：96窟前的建筑为九层楼，因其共有九层而得名，原为四层，晚唐（874~879）年间建成五层，宋初（966年）重修。现在的九层楼是1935年建造，它攒尖高耸，檐牙错落，铁马叮咚，现在已成为莫高窟的标志之一。96窟开凿于初唐，窟内的大佛高35.5米，两膝间宽度为12米，是莫高窟的第一大佛。根据敦煌遗书《莫高窟记》记载，这尊大佛为唐代武周证圣元年（695年）由禅师灵隐和居士阴祖所建。是佛国三世中的“未来佛”弥勒佛，即释迦牟尼的“接班人”。大佛的制作方法为石胎泥塑，即在崖壁的石沙岩体上凿出佛像的大体形状，再用草泥垒塑、用麻泥细塑，最后着色而成。这尊大佛因多次重修，已非唐塑原貌，但仍不失雄伟壮观的气势。

C项：257 窟《鹿王本生图》（北魏）是画中描绘释迦前生为九色鹿，曾救溺水人，其后在国王悬赏捉拿九色鹿时，溺水人贪赏告发九色鹿的行为，而最终受到报应的故事。这幅绘画是将故事情节分别以连续画幅的形式连接在长带形统一的构图里，它的连续形式是将故事展开的情节自左右两边向中间发展，把鹿王向国王倾诉溺水人背信弃义的事件放在构图的中心，构思十分巧妙。这种连环画式的构图发展得十分自由，尚未形成固定的格式。

D项：275 窟是最现存最早的洞窟之一，左右二壁绘有本生、佛传等故事画如《尸毗王本生》《毗楞竭梨王本生》等，均以独幅画的形式展现。通过故事中割肉贸鸽、劳度叉以钉钉身的典型情节来表现。画法豪放，以简单的圈染表现人体特征，并以细线勾勒。

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