材料：3岁的点点，从小跟奶奶生活在一起。刚上幼儿园时，奶奶每-名校题库网

材料：3岁的点点，从小跟奶奶生活在一起。刚上幼儿园时，奶奶每次送他到幼儿园准备离开时，点点总是又哭又闹。当奶奶的身影消失后，点点很快就平静下来，并能与小朋友们高兴地玩。由于担心奶奶每次走后又折返回来，点点再次看到奶奶时，又立刻抓住奶奶的手，哭泣起来……

问题：

（1）点点的行为反映了幼儿情绪的哪些特点？（3分）

（2）点点奶奶的担心是否必要？教师该如何引导？（6分）

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答案：

本题解析：

（1）情绪特点

①情绪的易冲动性。幼儿常常处于激动状态，而且来势强烈，不能自制，往往全身心都受到不可遏制的威力所支配。材料中，阳阳面对奶奶送他到幼儿园准备离开时，总是又哭又闹，体现了其情绪的冲动性。

②情绪的不稳定性。婴幼儿期的情绪是非常不稳定的，容易变化，表现为两种对立的情绪在短时间内互相转换。材料中，当奶奶的离开后，阳阳很快就平静下来，并高兴玩耍；奶奶折返回来后阳阳立刻又哭起来，说明其情绪的不稳定性。

③情绪的外露性。婴儿期的孩子，不能意识到自己情绪的外部表现，他们的情绪完全表露在外。材料中，阳阳的情绪表现体现了其情绪的外露性。

（2）①奶奶没有必要担心阳阳的情绪，这是这一阶段幼儿情绪特点的体现。

②针对材料中的现象，教师应做如下引导：

a．营造良好的情绪环境，保持和谐的气氛并建立良好的亲子情和师生情。

b．指导成人控制情绪，并给幼儿以愉快、稳定的情绪示范和感染，应避免喜怒无常，不过分溺爱也不吝惜爱。当幼儿犯错误或闹情绪时，首先应克制自己的情绪，理智冷静地对待每个幼儿的情绪与态度。

c．采取积极的教育态度，肯定为主，多鼓励进步；耐心倾听孩子说话；正确运用暗示和强化。

d．幼儿不会控制自己的情绪，成人可以用转移法、冷却法、消退法等帮助他们控制情绪。

e．通过教授孩子运用反思法、自我说服法、想象法等来调节自己的情绪表现。

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