上世纪20年代，以万氏兄弟为代表的早期动画艺术家创作了中国早期的动画片，此后的80多年，中国动画逐渐成熟，形成了自己独特的艺术风格。在中国，动画有一个特殊称谓—“美术片”，它准确反映了中国动画特殊的创作观念，就是用中国传统美术如绘画、民间工艺等的造型观念、空间概念、绘画技法创作的动画影片。中国“美术片”造型主要取材和借鉴中国古代壁画、民间年画、庙宇泥塑、舞台戏曲等的形象和服装、道具设计，角色造型或富丽堂皇，追求形式感很强的“装饰风格”，或简约洗练，最糗轻松随意的“写意风格”，因为运用了中国绘画中散点透视、高原法则、分层、留白等技法和原理，中国传统动画的场景设计不是真实立体空间的再现，而是创造出一个完全不同于真实物理空间的、适合平面形象活动的平面空间、角色造型是平面的，场景也是平面的，动作（表演）自然也不能同真实生活一样了，中国动画家从传统戏曲表演中获得启示，动画角色也要“表现”，不要“在现”，这样既有动画特点，又与画面的平面风格一致，《骄傲的将军》首次把京剧中“净”“丑”的表演动作运用到动画角色上，《大闹天宫》《哪吒闹海》《三个和尚》中的许多动作也借鉴了京剧表演，由此，中国动画动作设计也逐渐形成了自己的风格，一是舞蹈化的表演动作，不追求真实生活动作，二是适合在平面空间上展现。
中国美术片对中国传统绘画和民间艺术的吸收和借鉴不仅表现为形式，还包含对其美学观念和哲学理念的继承，特别是视觉重构，意境营造等观念的继承。中国传统绘画和文学追求“意境”的传达，在叙事之外给人更多情感宣泄和想象空间，中国传统绘画和脱胎于此得到中国传统动画，把真实三维空间重构为二维平面“空间”、则是哲学意义上的突破。独特的“意境”也使中国动画具有鲜明的中国风格。
“中国风格”过时了的人，其实并不真正了解“中国风格”，也不知道国外动画无一例外一直在追求、宣扬他们自己国家和民族的文化-从艺术形式到精神内涵。万氏兄弟等老一辈动画艺术家不仅创造了“中国风格”的动画传承、弘扬、发展中国的文化。
当然，风格也具有时代性，我们说中国动画要坚持“中国风格”，绝不是为了怀旧甚至“复古”，也绝不是说我们的动画必须或只能是传统题材、传统形式和传统表现艺术突破，就不会有动漫产业的真正发展。今天，认真学习、研究前辈动画的艺术理念与精神追求，就是为了抓住机遇，打造既有传统“中国风格”、又符合时代需求的新的“中国学派”，创造新的动画精品，以迎接中国动漫产业发展高峰的到来。
（摘编自曹小卉《中国风格过时了吗》）
问题：
在中国，“动画”为何又被称为“美术片”？请结合文本，简要概括（4分）
（2）文章为什么说中国动画的“中国风格”没有过时？请结合文本，简要分析。
（1）动画片反映了中国动画的特殊创作理念，它是运用中国传统美术等的造型观念、空间概念、绘画技法创作的动画影片。
（2）①宣扬国家和民族的文化，通过“中国风格”的经典动画，传承、弘扬、发展中国文化；②“中国风格”动画并未食指传统题材、传统形式和传统表现手法，而是传承坚守，并且不断创新发展；③“中国风格”动画既有传统中国风格，又符合时代需求，创造新的动画精品。综上所述，中国动画的“中国风格”没有过时。
Passage 1
These days,many large city buildings are equipped with their own air-conditioning systems.These systems help keep the buildings cool,but they can also damage the environment.Since they?use a lot of electricity,for instance,they contribute indirectly to global warming.In addition,the?water that flows through the systems is often cooled using chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons,or?CFCs,that are believed to damage the Earth′s ozone layer.Recently,though,a system has been?built in the city of Toronto,Canada,that cools buildings with little damage to the environment.
In the traditional air-conditioning systems found in most large buildings,water is pumped?through the building in a continuous cycle.The water is first cooled to a temperature of 4℃in?machines called chillers.It is then sent to individual units that cool the air in each room.As the?water flows through the building,it gradually becomes warmer.Finally,it reaches the roof,where it?is left to cool down naturally in a water tower.After that it is returned to the chillers,where the cycle?begins again.
Toronto lies on the shore of Lake Ontario,one of North America′s Great Lakes,and the new?system makes use of cold water taken from about 80 meters below the surface of the lake.At this?depth,the water in the lake remains at 4℃all year round.This is exactly the temperature to which?the water in air-conditioning systems is cooled.However,the water from the lake is not pumped?directly into the air-conditioning systems.Instead,it is used to cool the water that is already inside?the air-conditioning systems.After that,the lake water is added to the city′s ordinary water supply.
Enwave,the company that developed this deep-lake cooling system,says that it uses 75 percent?less energy than traditional air conditioning.And since no CFCs are used,no damage can be caused?to the ozone layer.Not every city is located next to a large lake,but experts believe that systems like?the one being used in Toronto could be built elsewhere by using other natural sources of cold water.
Which of the following is true?查看材料
Passage 1
These days,many large city buildings are equipped with their own air-conditioning systems.These systems help keep the buildings cool,but they can also damage the environment.Since they?use a lot of electricity,for instance,they contribute indirectly to global warming.In addition,the?water that flows through the systems is often cooled using chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons,or?CFCs,that are believed to damage the Earth′s ozone layer.Recently,though,a system has been?built in the city of Toronto,Canada,that cools buildings with little damage to the environment.
In the traditional air-conditioning systems found in most large buildings,water is pumped?through the building in a continuous cycle.The water is first cooled to a temperature of 4℃in?machines called chillers.It is then sent to individual units that cool the air in each room.As the?water flows through the building,it gradually becomes warmer.Finally,it reaches the roof,where it?is left to cool down naturally in a water tower.After that it is returned to the chillers,where the cycle?begins again.
Toronto lies on the shore of Lake Ontario,one of North America′s Great Lakes,and the new?system makes use of cold water taken from about 80 meters below the surface of the lake.At this?depth,the water in the lake remains at 4℃all year round.This is exactly the temperature to which?the water in air-conditioning systems is cooled.However,the water from the lake is not pumped?directly into the air-conditioning systems.Instead,it is used to cool the water that is already inside?the air-conditioning systems.After that,the lake water is added to the city′s ordinary water supply.
Enwave,the company that developed this deep-lake cooling system,says that it uses 75 percent?less energy than traditional air conditioning.And since no CFCs are used,no damage can be caused?to the ozone layer.Not every city is located next to a large lake,but experts believe that systems like?the one being used in Toronto could be built elsewhere by using other natural sources of cold water.
What is one advantage of Enwave′s new system?查看材料
Passage 1
These days,many large city buildings are equipped with their own air-conditioning systems.These systems help keep the buildings cool,but they can also damage the environment.Since they?use a lot of electricity,for instance,they contribute indirectly to global warming.In addition,the?water that flows through the systems is often cooled using chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons,or?CFCs,that are believed to damage the Earth′s ozone layer.Recently,though,a system has been?built in the city of Toronto,Canada,that cools buildings with little damage to the environment.
In the traditional air-conditioning systems found in most large buildings,water is pumped?through the building in a continuous cycle.The water is first cooled to a temperature of 4℃in?machines called chillers.It is then sent to individual units that cool the air in each room.As the?water flows through the building,it gradually becomes warmer.Finally,it reaches the roof,where it?is left to cool down naturally in a water tower.After that it is returned to the chillers,where the cycle?begins again.
Toronto lies on the shore of Lake Ontario,one of North America′s Great Lakes,and the new?system makes use of cold water taken from about 80 meters below the surface of the lake.At this?depth,the water in the lake remains at 4℃all year round.This is exactly the temperature to which?the water in air-conditioning systems is cooled.However,the water from the lake is not pumped?directly into the air-conditioning systems.Instead,it is used to cool the water that is already inside?the air-conditioning systems.After that,the lake water is added to the city′s ordinary water supply.
Enwave,the company that developed this deep-lake cooling system,says that it uses 75 percent?less energy than traditional air conditioning.And since no CFCs are used,no damage can be caused?to the ozone layer.Not every city is located next to a large lake,but experts believe that systems like?the one being used in Toronto could be built elsewhere by using other natural sources of cold water.
What happens in the end to the water from Lake Ontario?查看材料
Passage 1
These days,many large city buildings are equipped with their own air-conditioning systems.These systems help keep the buildings cool,but they can also damage the environment.Since they?use a lot of electricity,for instance,they contribute indirectly to global warming.In addition,the?water that flows through the systems is often cooled using chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons,or?CFCs,that are believed to damage the Earth′s ozone layer.Recently,though,a system has been?built in the city of Toronto,Canada,that cools buildings with little damage to the environment.
In the traditional air-conditioning systems found in most large buildings,water is pumped?through the building in a continuous cycle.The water is first cooled to a temperature of 4℃in?machines called chillers.It is then sent to individual units that cool the air in each room.As the?water flows through the building,it gradually becomes warmer.Finally,it reaches the roof,where it?is left to cool down naturally in a water tower.After that it is returned to the chillers,where the cycle?begins again.
Toronto lies on the shore of Lake Ontario,one of North America′s Great Lakes,and the new?system makes use of cold water taken from about 80 meters below the surface of the lake.At this?depth,the water in the lake remains at 4℃all year round.This is exactly the temperature to which?the water in air-conditioning systems is cooled.However,the water from the lake is not pumped?directly into the air-conditioning systems.Instead,it is used to cool the water that is already inside?the air-conditioning systems.After that,the lake water is added to the city′s ordinary water supply.
Enwave,the company that developed this deep-lake cooling system,says that it uses 75 percent?less energy than traditional air conditioning.And since no CFCs are used,no damage can be caused?to the ozone layer.Not every city is located next to a large lake,but experts believe that systems like?the one being used in Toronto could be built elsewhere by using other natural sources of cold water.
What is the function of the chillers in a traditional air-conditioning system?查看材料
Passage 1
These days,many large city buildings are equipped with their own air-conditioning systems.These systems help keep the buildings cool,but they can also damage the environment.Since they?use a lot of electricity,for instance,they contribute indirectly to global warming.In addition,the?water that flows through the systems is often cooled using chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons,or?CFCs,that are believed to damage the Earth′s ozone layer.Recently,though,a system has been?built in the city of Toronto,Canada,that cools buildings with little damage to the environment.
In the traditional air-conditioning systems found in most large buildings,water is pumped?through the building in a continuous cycle.The water is first cooled to a temperature of 4℃in?machines called chillers.It is then sent to individual units that cool the air in each room.As the?water flows through the building,it gradually becomes warmer.Finally,it reaches the roof,where it?is left to cool down naturally in a water tower.After that it is returned to the chillers,where the cycle?begins again.
Toronto lies on the shore of Lake Ontario,one of North America′s Great Lakes,and the new?system makes use of cold water taken from about 80 meters below the surface of the lake.At this?depth,the water in the lake remains at 4℃all year round.This is exactly the temperature to which?the water in air-conditioning systems is cooled.However,the water from the lake is not pumped?directly into the air-conditioning systems.Instead,it is used to cool the water that is already inside?the air-conditioning systems.After that,the lake water is added to the city′s ordinary water supply.
Enwave,the company that developed this deep-lake cooling system,says that it uses 75 percent?less energy than traditional air conditioning.And since no CFCs are used,no damage can be caused?to the ozone layer.Not every city is located next to a large lake,but experts believe that systems like?the one being used in Toronto could be built elsewhere by using other natural sources of cold water.
What is one problem with traditional air-conditioning systems?查看材料
Passage 2
When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August,his explanation was?surprisingly straight up．Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses,he came right out?and said he was leaving"to pursue my goal of running a company,"Broadcasting his ambition was"very much my decision,"McGee says．Within two weeks,he was talking for the first time with the?board of Hartford Financial Services Group,which named him CEO and chairman on September 29．
McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of?company he wanted to run．It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations．And McGee isn′t alone．In recent weeks the No．2 executives at Avon and American Express quit?with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post．As boards-scrutinize succession plans in?response to shareholder pressure,executives who don′t get the nod also may wish to move on．A?turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements?cloud their reputations．
As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold,deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the?jump without a net．In the third quarter,CEO turnover was down 23%from a year ago as nervous?boards stuck with the leaders they had,according to Liberum Research．As the economy picks up,opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders．
The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional．For years?executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the?ones who must be poached．Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:"I can′t think of a single?search I′ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first．"
Those who jumped without a job haven′t always landed in top positions quickly．Ellen Marram?quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age,saying she wanted to be a CEO．It was a year before she?became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange．Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in?2005 with ambitions to be a CEO．He finally took that post at a major financial institution three?years later．
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers．The financial crisis has made?it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one．"The traditional rule was it′s safer to?stay where you are,but that′s been fundamentally inverted,"says one headhunter．"The people?who′ve been hurt the worst are those who′ve stayed too long．"
Which of the following is the best title for the text?查看材料
Passage 2
When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August,his explanation was?surprisingly straight up．Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses,he came right out?and said he was leaving"to pursue my goal of running a company,"Broadcasting his ambition was"very much my decision,"McGee says．Within two weeks,he was talking for the first time with the?board of Hartford Financial Services Group,which named him CEO and chairman on September 29．
McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of?company he wanted to run．It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations．And McGee isn′t alone．In recent weeks the No．2 executives at Avon and American Express quit?with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post．As boards-scrutinize succession plans in?response to shareholder pressure,executives who don′t get the nod also may wish to move on．A?turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements?cloud their reputations．
As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold,deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the?jump without a net．In the third quarter,CEO turnover was down 23%from a year ago as nervous?boards stuck with the leaders they had,according to Liberum Research．As the economy picks up,opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders．
The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional．For years?executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the?ones who must be poached．Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:"I can′t think of a single?search I′ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first．"
Those who jumped without a job haven′t always landed in top positions quickly．Ellen Marram?quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age,saying she wanted to be a CEO．It was a year before she?became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange．Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in?2005 with ambitions to be a CEO．He finally took that post at a major financial institution three?years later．
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers．The financial crisis has made?it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one．"The traditional rule was it′s safer to?stay where you are,but that′s been fundamentally inverted,"says one headhunter．"The people?who′ve been hurt the worst are those who′ve stayed too long．"
It can be inferred from the last paragraph that___________．查看材料
Passage 2
When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August,his explanation was?surprisingly straight up．Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses,he came right out?and said he was leaving"to pursue my goal of running a company,"Broadcasting his ambition was"very much my decision,"McGee says．Within two weeks,he was talking for the first time with the?board of Hartford Financial Services Group,which named him CEO and chairman on September 29．
McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of?company he wanted to run．It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations．And McGee isn′t alone．In recent weeks the No．2 executives at Avon and American Express quit?with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post．As boards-scrutinize succession plans in?response to shareholder pressure,executives who don′t get the nod also may wish to move on．A?turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements?cloud their reputations．
As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold,deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the?jump without a net．In the third quarter,CEO turnover was down 23%from a year ago as nervous?boards stuck with the leaders they had,according to Liberum Research．As the economy picks up,opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders．
The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional．For years?executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the?ones who must be poached．Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:"I can′t think of a single?search I′ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first．"
Those who jumped without a job haven′t always landed in top positions quickly．Ellen Marram?quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age,saying she wanted to be a CEO．It was a year before she?became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange．Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in?2005 with ambitions to be a CEO．He finally took that post at a major financial institution three?years later．
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers．The financial crisis has made?it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one．"The traditional rule was it′s safer to?stay where you are,but that′s been fundamentally inverted,"says one headhunter．"The people?who′ve been hurt the worst are those who′ve stayed too long．"
The word"poached"(Para．4)most probably means___________．查看材料
Passage 2
When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August,his explanation was?surprisingly straight up．Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses,he came right out?and said he was leaving"to pursue my goal of running a company,"Broadcasting his ambition was"very much my decision,"McGee says．Within two weeks,he was talking for the first time with the?board of Hartford Financial Services Group,which named him CEO and chairman on September 29．
McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of?company he wanted to run．It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations．And McGee isn′t alone．In recent weeks the No．2 executives at Avon and American Express quit?with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post．As boards-scrutinize succession plans in?response to shareholder pressure,executives who don′t get the nod also may wish to move on．A?turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements?cloud their reputations．
As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold,deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the?jump without a net．In the third quarter,CEO turnover was down 23%from a year ago as nervous?boards stuck with the leaders they had,according to Liberum Research．As the economy picks up,opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders．
The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional．For years?executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the?ones who must be poached．Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:"I can′t think of a single?search I′ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first．"
Those who jumped without a job haven′t always landed in top positions quickly．Ellen Marram?quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age,saying she wanted to be a CEO．It was a year before she?became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange．Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in?2005 with ambitions to be a CEO．He finally took that post at a major financial institution three?years later．
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers．The financial crisis has made?it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one．"The traditional rule was it′s safer to?stay where you are,but that′s been fundamentally inverted,"says one headhunter．"The people?who′ve been hurt the worst are those who′ve stayed too long．"
According to Paragraph 2,senior executives′quitting may be spurred by__________．查看材料
Passage 2
When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August,his explanation was?surprisingly straight up．Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses,he came right out?and said he was leaving"to pursue my goal of running a company,"Broadcasting his ambition was"very much my decision,"McGee says．Within two weeks,he was talking for the first time with the?board of Hartford Financial Services Group,which named him CEO and chairman on September 29．
McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of?company he wanted to run．It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations．And McGee isn′t alone．In recent weeks the No．2 executives at Avon and American Express quit?with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post．As boards-scrutinize succession plans in?response to shareholder pressure,executives who don′t get the nod also may wish to move on．A?turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements?cloud their reputations．
As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold,deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the?jump without a net．In the third quarter,CEO turnover was down 23%from a year ago as nervous?boards stuck with the leaders they had,according to Liberum Research．As the economy picks up,opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders．
The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional．For years?executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the?ones who must be poached．Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:"I can′t think of a single?search I′ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first．"
Those who jumped without a job haven′t always landed in top positions quickly．Ellen Marram?quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age,saying she wanted to be a CEO．It was a year before she?became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange．Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in?2005 with ambitions to be a CEO．He finally took that post at a major financial institution three?years later．
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers．The financial crisis has made?it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one．"The traditional rule was it′s safer to?stay where you are,but that′s been fundamentally inverted,"says one headhunter．"The people?who′ve been hurt the worst are those who′ve stayed too long．"
When McGee announced his departure,his manner can best be described as being__________．查看材料
