阅读下面材料，根据要求写作。
“春风吹绿了大地，春雨带来了万紫千红。你看，地上的小草发芽了，路边的杨树挂满了‘毛毛虫’，风中的柳树长了嫩绿的叶子，公园里粉红的桃花、雪白的玉兰花、金黄的迎春花盛开了。”这是一个12岁的小女孩写的日记，从她稚嫩的文笔中可以看出她对大自然的热爱，她也曾天真地想过让“卖火柴的小女孩”来到这又光明又美丽的世界，然而，就是这样一个小女孩，却因为一次小测验的失误而自杀了。
请用规范的现代汉语写作一篇议论文。
要求：立意自定，题目自拟；观点明确，分析具体，条理清楚，语言流畅。不少于800字。
以学生为根本
20世纪以来，科学技术的发展，为人们的生活带来巨大便利的同时，也让人们产生了巨大的困惑和信仰危机，它促使人们对现实进行新的理性思考：如今是知识经济时代，弘扬人文精神成为急迫需要解决的问题。此外，社会上片面强调分数、升学率的思潮，也使人们忽视了智力开发、个性张扬和对社会生活的情感体验。同时，由于受教育行为功利化倾向的影响和普遍的人文素养的匮乏，缺乏良好社会公德的现象频繁发生，令人触目惊心。
基于以上原因，我们教师应树立“以人为本”的学生观。
首先，学生是有独立人格的人。人格是人的尊严、价值和品格的总和，作为人就有人格。从这个意义上讲，学生的人格和老师的人格是平等的。人格需要尊重和保护，不少教师受传统的师道尊严的影响，容易形成盲目自尊、无视学生人格、不容许学生有丝毫挑战行为的畸形心理。突出的表现是师生关系不平等，学生常常要看着老师的脸色说话做事，稍有不慎，就会招致老师的不满和处罚。无论是什么样的学生，都有自己的尊严，因此，教师只有尊重学生的人格，才能建立一种平等的师生关系。
其次，学生是成长中的人。学生处于不断成长的过程中，在他们身上会有这样或那样的缺点和错误，需要老师引导、帮助、教育。从这个意义上讲，教师只是闻道在先、在社会上起步早一点的人，纠偏正错、引导学生健康成长是教师的神圣职责。何况学生身上存在的缺点和所犯的错误，一般是以教师的眼光或者成人的标准去评判的，这种评价标准是不是科学，是不是符合时代发展的潮流，是不是有利于学生的成长，还很难说。教师一定要谨言慎行，切莫以自己的好恶和兴趣对学生妄加评判，特别是不要把学生的创造精神和爱好特长当作学生的缺点或者错误进行批评。
再次，学生是社会中的人。学生从来不是孤立的人，他们身上总是打着时代和社会的烙印。学生的情况是复杂的，也是多变的，复杂与多变的原因很大程度上是由家庭、学校和社会造成的。教师要做好学生工作就要先了解学生，了解学生的家庭情况、成长环境。要多与学生沟通，工作方法要因人而异，要循循善诱，要多肯定学生的长处，多寻找学生的闪光点，舍得投入感情，善于捕捉教育的最佳契机，多琢磨教育的方式、方法，要有耐心和恒心。
最后，学生是有一定文化背景的人。自改革开放以来，受经济体制改革的影响以及西方文化的冲击，社会的大环境和过去相比已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。教师和学生不是在同一种文化背景下成长起来的人，学生享受着现代科学技术所提供的各种服务，使得他们的视野开阔，思想前卫，评价标准多元。教师和学生的代沟是这些不同的文化背景造成的。如果教师不懂得这一点，就会喜欢用自己的思想去要求学生、用自己的标准去评价学生，弄得师生关系很难融洽甚至紧张。要解决这种冲突，教师必须融入不断进步的文化中，必须有一个终身学习的观念，这样才能掌握先进的教育理念，给学生以积极健康的人生引导。
设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计一节英语阅读课教学方案。教案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点：
teaching objectivesteaching contents
key and difficult pointsmajor steps and time allocation
activities and justifications
教学时间：45分钟
学生概况：某城镇普通中学高中二年级学生，班级人数40人。多数学生已经达到《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》六级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。
语言素材：
A Master of Nonverbal Humour
As Victor Hugo once said,"Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face",and up to?now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.He brightened the lives of Americans?and British through two world wars and the hard years in between.He made people laugh at a time when?they felt depressed,so they could feel more content with their lives.
Not that Charlie′s own life was easy!He was born in a poor family in 1889.His parents were both?poor music hall performers.You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he?could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.Such training was common in acting families at this?time,especially when the family income was often uncertain.Unfortunately his father died,leaving the?family even worse off,so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.By his?teens,Charlie had,through his humour,become one of the most popular child actors in England.He could?mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks.No one was ever bored watching him--his subtle?acting made everything entertaining.
As time went by,he began making films.He grew more and more popular as his charming character,the little tramp,became known throughout the world.The tramp,a poor,homeless man with a moustache,wore large trousers,worn-out shoes and a small round black hat.He walked around stiffly carrying a walk-ing stick.This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome?all difficulties.He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him.
How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining?Here is an example from one of his most?famous films,The Gold Rush.It is the end of the nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in?Alaska.Like so many others,the little tramp has rushed there in search of gold,but without success.
Instead he and another man are hiding in a small hut during a snowstorm with nothing to eat.They are so?hungry that the little tramp tries boiling one of his leather shoes for dinner.
Charlie cuts off the leather top of the shoe and shares the shoe with the other fellow.He tries cutting?and chewing the bottom of the shoe as if it were the finest steak.Then he picks out the lace of the shoe?and eats it as if it were spaghetti.He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment.The acting is so convincing?that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted.
Charlie Chaplin wrote,directed and produced the films he starred in.In 1972 he was given a special?Oscar for his outstanding work in films.He lived in England and the USA but spent his last years in?Switzerland,where he was buried in 1977.He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire?people with great confidence.
下面是针对高一年级学生的一堂教学设计的教学过程部分。
Teaching procedures :
Step 1 Analyze the task
Ask students to analyze the requirements of the exercise.
Step 2 Brainstorming and mapping
（ 1 ） Four students in a group. Ask students to review the content about difficulties and solutions in study in Section A and Section B.
（2） Ask students to do a survey about the following questions and then give some advice.
①How often do you exercise?
②How often do you eat vegetables?
③How often do you eat fruit?
④How many hours do you sleep every night?
⑤How often do you drink milk?
⑥How often do you eat junk food?
⑦How often do you drink coffee?
Step 3 Drafting
（ 1 ） Instruct the format and structure of a letter.
（2） Ask students to draft their letters independently.
Step 4 Revising and proofreading
（1） Ask students to work in groups and revise their letters.
…
根据上面所给的信息，从下列三个方面作答：
（1）该教师采用了什么教学方法?你的判断依据是什么?
（2）对该教学过程的设计进行评价。
（3）针对该教学设计的缺点提出相应的改进建议。
认知法是针对听说法的缺陷而提出的一种外语教学方法。试将两种教学方法进行比较，并评价其在中学英语教学中的应用。
Passage 2
Environmental activists in South Korea are condemning a government plan to hunt endangered whales for scientific research. They believe the plan is part of an effort to re-start commercial whaling activities. Such ac-tivities are banned in many countries. South Korea announced the proposal in July at a meeting of the International Whaling Commission in Panama. The head of the South Korean delegation said the plan was needed to answer questions about minke whale populations. He said the hunt would take place near the South Korean coast. But he did not say how many of the animals would be caught.
The International Whaling Commission has yet to malre a decision on the South Korean plan. The organi-zation banned commercial whaling in 1986 because of concerns about the survival of whale species. But now, some South Korean fishermen say they are facing a threat from minke whales. They say these animals are eat-ing what would have been their catch.
The plan was immediately condemned by anti-whaling nations. Wildlife activists also criticized the pro-posal. Han Jeong-hee works in Seoul for the environmental group Greenpeace. "It′s really regretful to hear that Korean government is, like, considering conducting scientific whaling. Scientific whaling is just, like,thinly-disguised commercial whaling. And, you know, we are of course against all commercial whaling. Japan′s the only country which is doing scientific whaling at the moment and Korea is just trying to follow that. "
Apart from the plan in South Korea, an aquarium (水族馆) in the American state of Georgia also wants to import eighteen beluga whales from Russia. The United States currently has 31 beluga whales. They are liv-ing in six aquariums and marine parks. Four of them are at the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta.
The Georgia Aquarium has asked the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for permission to import the beluga whales. If it was approved, aquarium officials would send some of the animals to the other facilities.
The Georgia Aquarium says it hopes to use the beluga whales in research, education and breeding pro-grams. They currently are being held at a Russian research center. Yet many people oppose the plan. They say it is wrong to catch any wild animal.
NOAA officials are studying how the beluga whales might be affected by being brought to the United States. They also want to know whether the Georgia Aquarium and its partners can properly care for the whales and how they might be used in educational activities. The federal Marine Mammal Protection Act sets rules which NOAA must consider when deciding whether these animals may be imported. NOAA officials told VOA they plan to make a decision on the request by early next year.
The Georgia Aquarium wants to import beluga whales in that_________.
Passage 2
Environmental activists in South Korea are condemning a government plan to hunt endangered whales for scientific research. They believe the plan is part of an effort to re-start commercial whaling activities. Such ac-tivities are banned in many countries. South Korea announced the proposal in July at a meeting of the International Whaling Commission in Panama. The head of the South Korean delegation said the plan was needed to answer questions about minke whale populations. He said the hunt would take place near the South Korean coast. But he did not say how many of the animals would be caught.
The International Whaling Commission has yet to malre a decision on the South Korean plan. The organi-zation banned commercial whaling in 1986 because of concerns about the survival of whale species. But now, some South Korean fishermen say they are facing a threat from minke whales. They say these animals are eat-ing what would have been their catch.
The plan was immediately condemned by anti-whaling nations. Wildlife activists also criticized the pro-posal. Han Jeong-hee works in Seoul for the environmental group Greenpeace. "It′s really regretful to hear that Korean government is, like, considering conducting scientific whaling. Scientific whaling is just, like,thinly-disguised commercial whaling. And, you know, we are of course against all commercial whaling. Japan′s the only country which is doing scientific whaling at the moment and Korea is just trying to follow that. "
Apart from the plan in South Korea, an aquarium (水族馆) in the American state of Georgia also wants to import eighteen beluga whales from Russia. The United States currently has 31 beluga whales. They are liv-ing in six aquariums and marine parks. Four of them are at the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta.
The Georgia Aquarium has asked the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for permission to import the beluga whales. If it was approved, aquarium officials would send some of the animals to the other facilities.
The Georgia Aquarium says it hopes to use the beluga whales in research, education and breeding pro-grams. They currently are being held at a Russian research center. Yet many people oppose the plan. They say it is wrong to catch any wild animal.
NOAA officials are studying how the beluga whales might be affected by being brought to the United States. They also want to know whether the Georgia Aquarium and its partners can properly care for the whales and how they might be used in educational activities. The federal Marine Mammal Protection Act sets rules which NOAA must consider when deciding whether these animals may be imported. NOAA officials told VOA they plan to make a decision on the request by early next year.
In which country is whale hunting permitted at the moment?
Passage 2
Environmental activists in South Korea are condemning a government plan to hunt endangered whales for scientific research. They believe the plan is part of an effort to re-start commercial whaling activities. Such ac-tivities are banned in many countries. South Korea announced the proposal in July at a meeting of the International Whaling Commission in Panama. The head of the South Korean delegation said the plan was needed to answer questions about minke whale populations. He said the hunt would take place near the South Korean coast. But he did not say how many of the animals would be caught.
The International Whaling Commission has yet to malre a decision on the South Korean plan. The organi-zation banned commercial whaling in 1986 because of concerns about the survival of whale species. But now, some South Korean fishermen say they are facing a threat from minke whales. They say these animals are eat-ing what would have been their catch.
The plan was immediately condemned by anti-whaling nations. Wildlife activists also criticized the pro-posal. Han Jeong-hee works in Seoul for the environmental group Greenpeace. "It′s really regretful to hear that Korean government is, like, considering conducting scientific whaling. Scientific whaling is just, like,thinly-disguised commercial whaling. And, you know, we are of course against all commercial whaling. Japan′s the only country which is doing scientific whaling at the moment and Korea is just trying to follow that. "
Apart from the plan in South Korea, an aquarium (水族馆) in the American state of Georgia also wants to import eighteen beluga whales from Russia. The United States currently has 31 beluga whales. They are liv-ing in six aquariums and marine parks. Four of them are at the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta.
The Georgia Aquarium has asked the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for permission to import the beluga whales. If it was approved, aquarium officials would send some of the animals to the other facilities.
The Georgia Aquarium says it hopes to use the beluga whales in research, education and breeding pro-grams. They currently are being held at a Russian research center. Yet many people oppose the plan. They say it is wrong to catch any wild animal.
NOAA officials are studying how the beluga whales might be affected by being brought to the United States. They also want to know whether the Georgia Aquarium and its partners can properly care for the whales and how they might be used in educational activities. The federal Marine Mammal Protection Act sets rules which NOAA must consider when deciding whether these animals may be imported. NOAA officials told VOA they plan to make a decision on the request by early next year.
What′s the best title for the passage?
Passage 2
Environmental activists in South Korea are condemning a government plan to hunt endangered whales for scientific research. They believe the plan is part of an effort to re-start commercial whaling activities. Such ac-tivities are banned in many countries. South Korea announced the proposal in July at a meeting of the International Whaling Commission in Panama. The head of the South Korean delegation said the plan was needed to answer questions about minke whale populations. He said the hunt would take place near the South Korean coast. But he did not say how many of the animals would be caught.
The International Whaling Commission has yet to malre a decision on the South Korean plan. The organi-zation banned commercial whaling in 1986 because of concerns about the survival of whale species. But now, some South Korean fishermen say they are facing a threat from minke whales. They say these animals are eat-ing what would have been their catch.
The plan was immediately condemned by anti-whaling nations. Wildlife activists also criticized the pro-posal. Han Jeong-hee works in Seoul for the environmental group Greenpeace. "It′s really regretful to hear that Korean government is, like, considering conducting scientific whaling. Scientific whaling is just, like,thinly-disguised commercial whaling. And, you know, we are of course against all commercial whaling. Japan′s the only country which is doing scientific whaling at the moment and Korea is just trying to follow that. "
Apart from the plan in South Korea, an aquarium (水族馆) in the American state of Georgia also wants to import eighteen beluga whales from Russia. The United States currently has 31 beluga whales. They are liv-ing in six aquariums and marine parks. Four of them are at the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta.
The Georgia Aquarium has asked the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for permission to import the beluga whales. If it was approved, aquarium officials would send some of the animals to the other facilities.
The Georgia Aquarium says it hopes to use the beluga whales in research, education and breeding pro-grams. They currently are being held at a Russian research center. Yet many people oppose the plan. They say it is wrong to catch any wild animal.
NOAA officials are studying how the beluga whales might be affected by being brought to the United States. They also want to know whether the Georgia Aquarium and its partners can properly care for the whales and how they might be used in educational activities. The federal Marine Mammal Protection Act sets rules which NOAA must consider when deciding whether these animals may be imported. NOAA officials told VOA they plan to make a decision on the request by early next year.
We can know from the last paragraph that_________.
Passage 2
Environmental activists in South Korea are condemning a government plan to hunt endangered whales for scientific research. They believe the plan is part of an effort to re-start commercial whaling activities. Such ac-tivities are banned in many countries. South Korea announced the proposal in July at a meeting of the International Whaling Commission in Panama. The head of the South Korean delegation said the plan was needed to answer questions about minke whale populations. He said the hunt would take place near the South Korean coast. But he did not say how many of the animals would be caught.
The International Whaling Commission has yet to malre a decision on the South Korean plan. The organi-zation banned commercial whaling in 1986 because of concerns about the survival of whale species. But now, some South Korean fishermen say they are facing a threat from minke whales. They say these animals are eat-ing what would have been their catch.
The plan was immediately condemned by anti-whaling nations. Wildlife activists also criticized the pro-posal. Han Jeong-hee works in Seoul for the environmental group Greenpeace. "It′s really regretful to hear that Korean government is, like, considering conducting scientific whaling. Scientific whaling is just, like,thinly-disguised commercial whaling. And, you know, we are of course against all commercial whaling. Japan′s the only country which is doing scientific whaling at the moment and Korea is just trying to follow that. "
Apart from the plan in South Korea, an aquarium (水族馆) in the American state of Georgia also wants to import eighteen beluga whales from Russia. The United States currently has 31 beluga whales. They are liv-ing in six aquariums and marine parks. Four of them are at the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta.
The Georgia Aquarium has asked the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for permission to import the beluga whales. If it was approved, aquarium officials would send some of the animals to the other facilities.
The Georgia Aquarium says it hopes to use the beluga whales in research, education and breeding pro-grams. They currently are being held at a Russian research center. Yet many people oppose the plan. They say it is wrong to catch any wild animal.
NOAA officials are studying how the beluga whales might be affected by being brought to the United States. They also want to know whether the Georgia Aquarium and its partners can properly care for the whales and how they might be used in educational activities. The federal Marine Mammal Protection Act sets rules which NOAA must consider when deciding whether these animals may be imported. NOAA officials told VOA they plan to make a decision on the request by early next year.
What′s Hart Jeong-hee′s attitude toward South Korea′s proposal of doing scientific whaling?
Passage 1
Oprah Winfrey has come a long way from her poor childhood home in a small Mississippi town. She was an unwanted child whose parents never married. She was brought up on her grandmother′s farm. The possibil-ity that she would become rich and famous was slim.
Oprah′s mother left her child in her mother′s care, so she could go to work in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was a strict and difficult life for Oprah. But it also led the way for her future.
She was a highly intelligent child. By the age of three, she had learned to read and write. She also made her first public appearance at that age. Oprah′s intelligence was resented (憎恨) by other children of her age. They called her unkind names and pushed her away. Oprah felt very isolated and unwanted. It made her feel worse that she didn′t live with her mother and father. She felt that no one loved her. This made her angry and rebellious (叛逆的). These feelings brought her much trouble as she was growing up. She often behaved badly, causing her grandmother to punish her. By the age of seven, she was too much for her grandmother to discipline.
Then Oprah went to live with her mother, Vernita, who worked very hard as a housekeeper in Milwaukee. It was hard for her to work and take care of her bright, troublesome child. They lived in poverty in a small apartment. Oprah took out all her angry feelings on her mother. When Oprah was eight, Vernita sent her to live with her father and stepmother in Nashville, Tennessee.
But she moved again a few months later when Vernita married a man with two children. Vernita wanted Oprah to be with her and her new family. Unfortunately, she felt she didn′t belong with them. She believed she wasn′t loved by anyone. Her angry and frustration grew stronger. She struck back by misbehaving and running away from home. Her parents found her impossible to discipline. When she was 14,they tried to send her to a special center for troubled girls.
But there was no room for her. So Vernita sent Oprah back to live with her father. Vernon Winfrey was by then a successful businessman and family man. He took one look at his daughter and knew she needed love, guidance and discipline. He gave her all three. It was a turning point in Oprah′s life. He was strict about his daughter′s education. He gave her homework in addition to her schoolwork. She was allowed to watch only one hour of television a day. She became an A student and a popular girl in her class. Oprah watched Barbara Waiters, a famous journalist, and decided that was what she wanted to be.
When she was still in high school, she got a part-time job reading news on the radio. In her senior year she won a beauty contest and a four-year scholarship to Tennessee State University.
While still in college she was offered a job as a news broadcaster at a local television station. She was the first female and the first African-American newscaster in Nashville. She was promoted to anchor ,the most important position on the news team,while still a senior.
After Oprah graduated she got a job with a Baltimore news station. But she soon realized that broadcast-ing news wasn′t enough for her. She had to let her personality shine through. She wanted to show emotion when she told a story, not just report it. Meanwhile the station managers were thinking the same way. They removed her from the anchor spot and wondered what to do with her. Finally they put her on an early morning talk show called People Are Talking. No one knew what to expect. The show was a great success. In a very short time, the managers and Oprah all knew what she was born to do. She was everything a talk show host should be.
She was so successful that she got a show with a bigger station in Chicago. In 1985 the show was changed to The Oprah Winfrey Show. It was broadcast nationally and soon became the most popular talk show on television. By the age of 35, Oprah Winfrey was one of the most famous celebrities in America.
What does the underlined sentence imply?
Passage 1
Oprah Winfrey has come a long way from her poor childhood home in a small Mississippi town. She was an unwanted child whose parents never married. She was brought up on her grandmother′s farm. The possibil-ity that she would become rich and famous was slim.
Oprah′s mother left her child in her mother′s care, so she could go to work in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was a strict and difficult life for Oprah. But it also led the way for her future.
She was a highly intelligent child. By the age of three, she had learned to read and write. She also made her first public appearance at that age. Oprah′s intelligence was resented (憎恨) by other children of her age. They called her unkind names and pushed her away. Oprah felt very isolated and unwanted. It made her feel worse that she didn′t live with her mother and father. She felt that no one loved her. This made her angry and rebellious (叛逆的). These feelings brought her much trouble as she was growing up. She often behaved badly, causing her grandmother to punish her. By the age of seven, she was too much for her grandmother to discipline.
Then Oprah went to live with her mother, Vernita, who worked very hard as a housekeeper in Milwaukee. It was hard for her to work and take care of her bright, troublesome child. They lived in poverty in a small apartment. Oprah took out all her angry feelings on her mother. When Oprah was eight, Vernita sent her to live with her father and stepmother in Nashville, Tennessee.
But she moved again a few months later when Vernita married a man with two children. Vernita wanted Oprah to be with her and her new family. Unfortunately, she felt she didn′t belong with them. She believed she wasn′t loved by anyone. Her angry and frustration grew stronger. She struck back by misbehaving and running away from home. Her parents found her impossible to discipline. When she was 14,they tried to send her to a special center for troubled girls.
But there was no room for her. So Vernita sent Oprah back to live with her father. Vernon Winfrey was by then a successful businessman and family man. He took one look at his daughter and knew she needed love, guidance and discipline. He gave her all three. It was a turning point in Oprah′s life. He was strict about his daughter′s education. He gave her homework in addition to her schoolwork. She was allowed to watch only one hour of television a day. She became an A student and a popular girl in her class. Oprah watched Barbara Waiters, a famous journalist, and decided that was what she wanted to be.
When she was still in high school, she got a part-time job reading news on the radio. In her senior year she won a beauty contest and a four-year scholarship to Tennessee State University.
While still in college she was offered a job as a news broadcaster at a local television station. She was the first female and the first African-American newscaster in Nashville. She was promoted to anchor ,the most important position on the news team,while still a senior.
After Oprah graduated she got a job with a Baltimore news station. But she soon realized that broadcast-ing news wasn′t enough for her. She had to let her personality shine through. She wanted to show emotion when she told a story, not just report it. Meanwhile the station managers were thinking the same way. They removed her from the anchor spot and wondered what to do with her. Finally they put her on an early morning talk show called People Are Talking. No one knew what to expect. The show was a great success. In a very short time, the managers and Oprah all knew what she was born to do. She was everything a talk show host should be.
She was so successful that she got a show with a bigger station in Chicago. In 1985 the show was changed to The Oprah Winfrey Show. It was broadcast nationally and soon became the most popular talk show on television. By the age of 35, Oprah Winfrey was one of the most famous celebrities in America.
What probably led to Oprah′s desire to be a journalist?
