2018下半年教师资格证考试《英语学科知识与教学能力》（高级

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1 单选题 1分

Everyone knows that English departments are in trouble, but you can't appreciate just howmuch trouble until you read the new report from the Modern Language Association. The report is about Ph.D. programs, which have been in decline since 2008. These programs have gotten both more difficult and less rewarding: today, it can take almost a decade to get a doctorate, and, at the end of your program, you're unlikely to find a tenure-track job.

The core of the problem is, of course, the job market. The M.L.A. report estimates that only sixty per cent of newly-minted Ph.D.s will find tenure-track jobs after graduation. If anything,that's wildly optimistic: the M.L.A. got to that figure by comparing the number of tenure-track jobs on its job list (around six hundred) with the number of new graduates (about a thousand). But that leaves out the thousands of unemployed graduates from past years who are still job-hunting--not to mention the older professors who didn't receive tenure, and who now find themselves competing with their former students. In all likelihood, the number of jobs per candidate is much smaller than the report suggests. That's why the mood is so dire--why even professors are starting to ask, in the committee's words, "Why maintain doctoral study in the modern languages and literatures--or the rest of the humanities--at all?"

Those trends, in turn, are part of an even larger story having to do with the expansion and transformation of American education after the Second World War. Essentially, colleges grew less e1ite and more vocational. Before the war, relatively few people went to college. Then, in the nineteen-fifties, the G.I. Bill and, later, the Baby Boom pushed colleges to grow rapidly. When the boom ended, colleges found themselves overextended and competing for students. By the mid- seventies, schools were creating new programs designed to attract a broader range of students--for instance, women and minorities.

Those reforms wo

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正确答案：B

本题解析：

推断题。根据最后一段中的“At the same time．graduate students are encouraged to ‘broaden’themselves：to‘engage more deeply with technology’；to pursue unusual and imaginative dissertation projects；t0…”可知，在学习时间缩短后，学生可以把时间用来扩展自己：包括深入了解科技， 研究与众不同的、富有想象力的论文项目等。B 项表述与之符合。根据该段中的“Graduate programs，the committee suggests，should acceptthefactthatmanyoftheir studentswillhavenon—tenured，or evennon．academic， careers”可排除 D。A、C 两项文章均未提及。

2 单选题 1分

Everyone knows that English departments are in trouble, but you can't appreciate just howmuch trouble until you read the new report from the Modern Language Association. The report is about Ph.D. programs, which have been in decline since 2008. These programs have gotten both more difficult and less rewarding: today, it can take almost a decade to get a doctorate, and, at the end of your program, you're unlikely to find a tenure-track job.

The core of the problem is, of course, the job market. The M.L.A. report estimates that only sixty per cent of newly-minted Ph.D.s will find tenure-track jobs after graduation. If anything,that's wildly optimistic: the M.L.A. got to that figure by comparing the number of tenure-track jobs on its job list (around six hundred) with the number of new graduates (about a thousand). But that leaves out the thousands of unemployed graduates from past years who are still job-hunting--not to mention the older professors who didn't receive tenure, and who now find themselves competing with their former students. In all likelihood, the number of jobs per candidate is much smaller than the report suggests. That's why the mood is so dire--why even professors are starting to ask, in the committee's words, "Why maintain doctoral study in the modern languages and literatures--or the rest of the humanities--at all?"

Those trends, in turn, are part of an even larger story having to do with the expansion and transformation of American education after the Second World War. Essentially, colleges grew less e1ite and more vocational. Before the war, relatively few people went to college. Then, in the nineteen-fifties, the G.I. Bill and, later, the Baby Boom pushed colleges to grow rapidly. When the boom ended, colleges found themselves overextended and competing for students. By the mid- seventies, schools were creating new programs designed to attract a broader range of students--for instance, women and minorities.

Those reforms wo

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正确答案：A

本题解析：

指代题。“that”指代的是前文内容“Pride of place is given to the idea that grad school should be shorter：‘Departments should design programs that can be completed in five years”’ 该句提到 M．L．A．报告里的一个想法——研究生的学制应该缩短，其课程应该能在 5 年内完成。A 项表述与此相 符。原文仅提到完成课程，并没有提及拿到学位，故排除 8。c 项中的“撰写更短的论文”是缩短学习时间造成的 结果，并不是 that 指代的内容，故排除。D 项中的 suggestions 用的是复数，指 M．LA．提供的所有建议，l 而 that 仅指代其中的一条，故排除。

3 单选题 1分

Everyone knows that English departments are in trouble, but you can't appreciate just howmuch trouble until you read the new report from the Modern Language Association. The report is about Ph.D. programs, which have been in decline since 2008. These programs have gotten both more difficult and less rewarding: today, it can take almost a decade to get a doctorate, and, at the end of your program, you're unlikely to find a tenure-track job.

The core of the problem is, of course, the job market. The M.L.A. report estimates that only sixty per cent of newly-minted Ph.D.s will find tenure-track jobs after graduation. If anything,that's wildly optimistic: the M.L.A. got to that figure by comparing the number of tenure-track jobs on its job list (around six hundred) with the number of new graduates (about a thousand). But that leaves out the thousands of unemployed graduates from past years who are still job-hunting--not to mention the older professors who didn't receive tenure, and who now find themselves competing with their former students. In all likelihood, the number of jobs per candidate is much smaller than the report suggests. That's why the mood is so dire--why even professors are starting to ask, in the committee's words, "Why maintain doctoral study in the modern languages and literatures--or the rest of the humanities--at all?"

Those trends, in turn, are part of an even larger story having to do with the expansion and transformation of American education after the Second World War. Essentially, colleges grew less e1ite and more vocational. Before the war, relatively few people went to college. Then, in the nineteen-fifties, the G.I. Bill and, later, the Baby Boom pushed colleges to grow rapidly. When the boom ended, colleges found themselves overextended and competing for students. By the mid- seventies, schools were creating new programs designed to attract a broader range of students--for instance, women and minorities.

Those reforms wo

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正确答案：B

本题解析：

推断题。根据题于中的“today’Sjob—market crisis”定位到第四段。第四段首先提到 大学扩招，接着分析其影响——大学提供更多以职业为导向的专业，人文学科不再是学校的中心。最后一句“这就是为什么整个教育行业在扩张，而人文学科却面临窘境”是结论句。A 项“‘二战’后大学扩招”并非导致当今就 业市场危机的关键因素，只是问题的导火索，真正原因是由此带来的大学重心的转移。B 项“人文学科不再盛行， 而以职业为导向的学科日渐受人欢迎”，符合文意。C 项“研究生中妇女以及少数民族人数的增加”，文中并未体 现这与就业市场危机之间存在关联。D 项“对于正在找工作的大学毕业生，学校没有给予就业相关的指导”，曲解 文意。

4 单选题 1分

Everyone knows that English departments are in trouble, but you can't appreciate just howmuch trouble until you read the new report from the Modern Language Association. The report is about Ph.D. programs, which have been in decline since 2008. These programs have gotten both more difficult and less rewarding: today, it can take almost a decade to get a doctorate, and, at the end of your program, you're unlikely to find a tenure-track job.

The core of the problem is, of course, the job market. The M.L.A. report estimates that only sixty per cent of newly-minted Ph.D.s will find tenure-track jobs after graduation. If anything,that's wildly optimistic: the M.L.A. got to that figure by comparing the number of tenure-track jobs on its job list (around six hundred) with the number of new graduates (about a thousand). But that leaves out the thousands of unemployed graduates from past years who are still job-hunting--not to mention the older professors who didn't receive tenure, and who now find themselves competing with their former students. In all likelihood, the number of jobs per candidate is much smaller than the report suggests. That's why the mood is so dire--why even professors are starting to ask, in the committee's words, "Why maintain doctoral study in the modern languages and literatures--or the rest of the humanities--at all?"

Those trends, in turn, are part of an even larger story having to do with the expansion and transformation of American education after the Second World War. Essentially, colleges grew less e1ite and more vocational. Before the war, relatively few people went to college. Then, in the nineteen-fifties, the G.I. Bill and, later, the Baby Boom pushed colleges to grow rapidly. When the boom ended, colleges found themselves overextended and competing for students. By the mid- seventies, schools were creating new programs designed to attract a broader range of students--for instance, women and minorities.

Those reforms wo

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正确答案：B

本题解析：

词汇题。根据 dire 所在的上下文“…is much smaller than the report suggests…‘… why even professors are…or the rest of the humanities--at all?”可推知本词并非表达积极向上的意思， 故排除 A 项“愉快的”。上下文分析的是就业形势严峻，找到终身教职很难的现状，由此可推断该专业的人员心情 应该是糟糕的、悲伤的。B 项“沮丧的”，C 项“复杂的”，D 项“奇怪的”。

5 单选题 1分

Everyone knows that English departments are in trouble, but you can't appreciate just howmuch trouble until you read the new report from the Modern Language Association. The report is about Ph.D. programs, which have been in decline since 2008. These programs have gotten both more difficult and less rewarding: today, it can take almost a decade to get a doctorate, and, at the end of your program, you're unlikely to find a tenure-track job.

The core of the problem is, of course, the job market. The M.L.A. report estimates that only sixty per cent of newly-minted Ph.D.s will find tenure-track jobs after graduation. If anything,that's wildly optimistic: the M.L.A. got to that figure by comparing the number of tenure-track jobs on its job list (around six hundred) with the number of new graduates (about a thousand). But that leaves out the thousands of unemployed graduates from past years who are still job-hunting--not to mention the older professors who didn't receive tenure, and who now find themselves competing with their former students. In all likelihood, the number of jobs per candidate is much smaller than the report suggests. That's why the mood is so dire--why even professors are starting to ask, in the committee's words, "Why maintain doctoral study in the modern languages and literatures--or the rest of the humanities--at all?"

Those trends, in turn, are part of an even larger story having to do with the expansion and transformation of American education after the Second World War. Essentially, colleges grew less e1ite and more vocational. Before the war, relatively few people went to college. Then, in the nineteen-fifties, the G.I. Bill and, later, the Baby Boom pushed colleges to grow rapidly. When the boom ended, colleges found themselves overextended and competing for students. By the mid- seventies, schools were creating new programs designed to attract a broader range of students--for instance, women and minorities.

Those reforms wo

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正确答案：C

本题解析：

推断题。根据该句后面的内容可知这则报告只记录了应届毕业生的数据，并没有将仍在求 职的往届生以及没有获得终身教职的老教授们考虑在内，因此可以说这则报告的数据是过于乐观的，实际数据要比 这个更低，即 M．LA．的报告高估了就业数据。A 项“对于刚毕业的博士生们来说就业前景很光明”，不符合文意， 故排除。B 项“对于刚毕业的博士生们来说找到一份终身教职似乎是不可能的”，文中只是说比较难，没有提到不 可能，过于绝对，故排除。D 项“MLA．的报告夸大了刚毕业的博士生们找工作的难度”，与文意相反，故排除。

6 单选题 1分

When it comes to airline travel, perhaps nothing has revolutionized the passenger experience more than airline apps. Indeed, they're becoming so ubiquitous that more than 50 percent of U.S travelers have at least one airline app installed on their smart device, according to travel industry research firm Phocuswright.

Maybe that's because apps make travel easier, and often are more functional than a kiosk or even an airline's own website. Passengers report that they're often more quickly informed of a flight cancellation or gate change than an airline employee. Not all airline apps are created equal, but in general you can use an app to check in for a flight, change seats, and request and pay for an upgrade. Road warriors in particular appreciate mobile boarding passes and the ability to track their flights. Many airlines now offer free on board streaming entertainment via apps. The Delta Air Lines app even allows users to track their bags, from check-in to carousel, while the Air France app lets passengers download magazines and newspapers from the airline's library 30 hours prior to departure.

But what if you are traveling extensively on more than one airline? Global airline alliances have their own apps that allow you to view flights for all member airlines and their affiliates, including code

share flights. In general, you can find flight schedules for all member airlines and track member airline

flights. Airport information is available, as are details about local weather at the destination. Where's

the nearest airport lounge? The app will locate it for you.

The SkyTeam airline alliance app goes a step further by letting its SkyPriority members(SkyTeam Elite

Plus members and customers with first and business-class tickets) find out exactly which SkyPriority

services--including priority check in and baggage drop off, as well as access to priority security lanes

and boarding lanes--are available at individua

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正确答案：B

本题解析：

态度题。作者在一开始提到的是航空应用程序带来的革命性变化，随后列举了一些应用程 序及相关功能论证它们带来的便利，紧接着开始讲述航空应用程序与一些社交媒体相结合，最后又论述了航空应用 程序能够吸引乘客的原因。全文的论述都是建立在客观事实之上的，作者并未掺杂自己的观点。A 项“有偏见的”， B 项“中立的”，C 项“批判的”，D 项“激进的”。

7 单选题 1分

When it comes to airline travel, perhaps nothing has revolutionized the passenger experience more than airline apps. Indeed, they're becoming so ubiquitous that more than 50 percent of U.S travelers have at least one airline app installed on their smart device, according to travel industry research firm Phocuswright.

Maybe that's because apps make travel easier, and often are more functional than a kiosk or even an airline's own website. Passengers report that they're often more quickly informed of a flight cancellation or gate change than an airline employee. Not all airline apps are created equal, but in general you can use an app to check in for a flight, change seats, and request and pay for an upgrade. Road warriors in particular appreciate mobile boarding passes and the ability to track their flights. Many airlines now offer free on board streaming entertainment via apps. The Delta Air Lines app even allows users to track their bags, from check-in to carousel, while the Air France app lets passengers download magazines and newspapers from the airline's library 30 hours prior to departure.

But what if you are traveling extensively on more than one airline? Global airline alliances have their own apps that allow you to view flights for all member airlines and their affiliates, including code

share flights. In general, you can find flight schedules for all member airlines and track member airline

flights. Airport information is available, as are details about local weather at the destination. Where's

the nearest airport lounge? The app will locate it for you.

The SkyTeam airline alliance app goes a step further by letting its SkyPriority members(SkyTeam Elite

Plus members and customers with first and business-class tickets) find out exactly which SkyPriority

services--including priority check in and baggage drop off, as well as access to priority security lanes

and boarding lanes--are available at individua

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正确答案：D

本题解析：

细节题。最后一段前半部分介绍了手机应用程序能够为乘客获取信息提供较多的无限制的 渠道，强调人们只通过简单的操作就能获取即时信息；而且根据最后一句“Whether you’re high—tech or not， you must admit that having immediate access to the information you need sure beats getting a busy signal on a toll．flee phone line”也可得知本题选 D。A、B 两项并不是最后一段强调的重点，C 项文章并未提及。

8 单选题 1分

When it comes to airline travel, perhaps nothing has revolutionized the passenger experience more than airline apps. Indeed, they're becoming so ubiquitous that more than 50 percent of U.S travelers have at least one airline app installed on their smart device, according to travel industry research firm Phocuswright.

Maybe that's because apps make travel easier, and often are more functional than a kiosk or even an airline's own website. Passengers report that they're often more quickly informed of a flight cancellation or gate change than an airline employee. Not all airline apps are created equal, but in general you can use an app to check in for a flight, change seats, and request and pay for an upgrade. Road warriors in particular appreciate mobile boarding passes and the ability to track their flights. Many airlines now offer free on board streaming entertainment via apps. The Delta Air Lines app even allows users to track their bags, from check-in to carousel, while the Air France app lets passengers download magazines and newspapers from the airline's library 30 hours prior to departure.

But what if you are traveling extensively on more than one airline? Global airline alliances have their own apps that allow you to view flights for all member airlines and their affiliates, including code

share flights. In general, you can find flight schedules for all member airlines and track member airline

flights. Airport information is available, as are details about local weather at the destination. Where's

the nearest airport lounge? The app will locate it for you.

The SkyTeam airline alliance app goes a step further by letting its SkyPriority members(SkyTeam Elite

Plus members and customers with first and business-class tickets) find out exactly which SkyPriority

services--including priority check in and baggage drop off, as well as access to priority security lanes

and boarding lanes--are available at individua

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正确答案：A

本题解析：

词汇题。画线单词所在句为“Airlines favor apps and other technologies because they get customers out of airport lines and off phone lines．Through their smart devices，travelers now have —unteth—ered access to travel information”，这句话是说航空公司喜欢应用程序和其他技术是因为它们能 够让客户摆脱机场线和电话线；通过他们的智能设备，旅客们现在可以获取旅行信息。前面作者强调的是应用程序 及其他技术使人们摆脱了对机场线和电话线的依赖，也就是说打破了这种限制，因此这里的 untethered 应该是无 限制的意思。

9 单选题 1分

When it comes to airline travel, perhaps nothing has revolutionized the passenger experience more than airline apps. Indeed, they're becoming so ubiquitous that more than 50 percent of U.S travelers have at least one airline app installed on their smart device, according to travel industry research firm Phocuswright.

Maybe that's because apps make travel easier, and often are more functional than a kiosk or even an airline's own website. Passengers report that they're often more quickly informed of a flight cancellation or gate change than an airline employee. Not all airline apps are created equal, but in general you can use an app to check in for a flight, change seats, and request and pay for an upgrade. Road warriors in particular appreciate mobile boarding passes and the ability to track their flights. Many airlines now offer free on board streaming entertainment via apps. The Delta Air Lines app even allows users to track their bags, from check-in to carousel, while the Air France app lets passengers download magazines and newspapers from the airline's library 30 hours prior to departure.

But what if you are traveling extensively on more than one airline? Global airline alliances have their own apps that allow you to view flights for all member airlines and their affiliates, including code

share flights. In general, you can find flight schedules for all member airlines and track member airline

flights. Airport information is available, as are details about local weather at the destination. Where's

the nearest airport lounge? The app will locate it for you.

The SkyTeam airline alliance app goes a step further by letting its SkyPriority members(SkyTeam Elite

Plus members and customers with first and business-class tickets) find out exactly which SkyPriority

services--including priority check in and baggage drop off, as well as access to priority security lanes

and boarding lanes--are available at individua

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正确答案：A

本题解析：

细节题。根据题干定位到第四段。由该段内容可知 The SkyTeam airline alliance app 允 许头等舱和商务舱的乘客优先登机及进行行李托运，甚至还为他们提供优先安全通道和登机通道等。所以能为具有 优先权的乘客提供优先服务信息的应用程序是 The SkyTeam airline alliance app。

10 单选题 1分

When it comes to airline travel, perhaps nothing has revolutionized the passenger experience more than airline apps. Indeed, they're becoming so ubiquitous that more than 50 percent of U.S travelers have at least one airline app installed on their smart device, according to travel industry research firm Phocuswright.

Maybe that's because apps make travel easier, and often are more functional than a kiosk or even an airline's own website. Passengers report that they're often more quickly informed of a flight cancellation or gate change than an airline employee. Not all airline apps are created equal, but in general you can use an app to check in for a flight, change seats, and request and pay for an upgrade. Road warriors in particular appreciate mobile boarding passes and the ability to track their flights. Many airlines now offer free on board streaming entertainment via apps. The Delta Air Lines app even allows users to track their bags, from check-in to carousel, while the Air France app lets passengers download magazines and newspapers from the airline's library 30 hours prior to departure.

But what if you are traveling extensively on more than one airline? Global airline alliances have their own apps that allow you to view flights for all member airlines and their affiliates, including code

share flights. In general, you can find flight schedules for all member airlines and track member airline

flights. Airport information is available, as are details about local weather at the destination. Where's

the nearest airport lounge? The app will locate it for you.

The SkyTeam airline alliance app goes a step further by letting its SkyPriority members(SkyTeam Elite

Plus members and customers with first and business-class tickets) find out exactly which SkyPriority

services--including priority check in and baggage drop off, as well as access to priority security lanes

and boarding lanes--are available at individua

查看答案 开始考试

正确答案：B

本题解析：

主旨题。文章主要讲述了航空公司的应用程序给人们带来的种种便捷，最后一段第一句 “Clearly,mobile apps and social media have transformed our digital lives”总结了前文内容，后面的内 容都是对这句话的展开说明。A、C 两项文章均未提及。D 项内容为文章中的细节信息，并不能概括全文意思。