2018上半年教师资格证考试《英语学科知识与教学能力》（高级

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1 单选题 1分

What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

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正确答案：C

本题解析：

推断题。A项在最后一段中没有被提及。该段指出以前科学家认为婴儿在出生后三个月才开始语言习得的观点是不正确的，故B项无法从原文推出。根据“if they want to see what soundsbabies can perceive, remember, and play back, they should look at the soundbabies produce best. So let the little angel cry: she'spracticing to acquire language”，可知研究的重点不仅包括真正的语言，也包括婴儿的哭声，而且科学家研究婴儿的哭声可以了解婴儿的言语知觉，故D项错误，本题选C。

2 单选题 1分

When does language acquisition begin according to the research?

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正确答案：B

本题解析：

细节题。根据倒数第二段中的“That acquisition，it is now clear, beginsmonths before birth，probably in the third trimester.”可知，婴儿在出生之前就开始了语言习得。故本题选B。

3 单选题 1分

Why do German and French babies produce different types of cries according to the research?

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正确答案：D

本题解析：

推断题。根据原文第三段提到的“This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages，they must have some control…showing that the sound of their cries isunder their control.”可知，法国婴儿与德国婴儿虽然具有相同的生理结构，但他们可以发出不同类型的哭声，这是因为他们可以控制自己的发声。故本题选D。

4 单选题 1分

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "ambient" in Paragraph 2?

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正确答案：A

本题解析：

词义题。根据画线词定位到第二段。该段描述了婴儿在子宫中听到的声音是来自于周围的语言。另外文章倒数第二段中也提到了“Newborns ‘not only have memorized…of their respective surroundinglanguage…”。所以“ambient”与“surrounding”的意思接近，本题选A。familiar“熟悉的”，foreign“ 外国的”，local“当地的”。

5 单选题 1分

请阅读 Passage 2，完成小题。

Passage 2

Several research teams have found thatnewborns prefer their mothers' voices over those of other people. Now a team ofscientists has gone an intriguing step further: they have found that newbornscry in their native language. "We have provided evidence that languagebegins with the very first cry melodies," says Kathleen Wermke of theUniversity of Wurzburg, Germany, who led the research.

?"The dramatic finding of this study isthat not only are newborns capable of producing different cry melodies, butthey prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the?ambientlanguage they have heard during their fetal life, within the lasttrimester," said Wermke. "Contrary to orthodox interpretations, thesedata support the importance of human infants' crying for seeding languagedevelopment."

???Ithad been thought that babies' cries are constrained by-their breathing patternsand respiratory apparatus, in which case a crying baby would sound like acrying baby no matter what the culture is, since babies are anatomically identical."The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not activelyinfluence their production of sound," says Wermke. This study refutes thatclaim: since babies cry in different languages, they must have somecontrol?? (presumably unconscious) overwhat they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical propertiesof their lungs, throat, mouth, and larynx. If respiration alone dictated what a crysounded like, all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern, since that'swhat happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat'ssound-making machinery decreases. French babies apparently didn't get thatmemo. "German and French infants produce different types of cries, eventhough they share the same physiology," the scientists point out."The French newborns produce ‘nonphysiological' rising patterns," showingthat the sound of their cries is under their control.

???

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正确答案：B

本题解析：

细节题。根据“scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation noearlier than 12 weeks of age”可知，A项说法错误。根据“We have provided evidence that language begins with the very firstcry melodies”及后文可知，Kathleen Wermke的研究是用婴儿哭声声调的不同来说明婴儿语言的习得可能在子宫中就开始了，婴儿的哭声可能就是他们早期语言习得的体现。B项说法正确。根据“That acquisition，it is now clear, begins months before birth，probablyin the third trimester”可知，C项与原文不符。D项在文中直接进行了说明，不符合题目要求。故本题选B。

6 单选题 1分

Which of the following will be triggered by the assessment results according to the passage?

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正确答案：A

本题解析：

细节题。由倒数第二段可知，根据考试结果决定继续努力还是放弃的是学生自己，在做此决定的过程中的重要情感都是由学生对于自己在考试中反映出的能力的态度所决定的。故本题选A。

7 单选题 1分

Which of the following describes the paradox of the schools?

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正确答案：D

本题解析：

细节题。根据关键词定位到第四段。根据原文“Their achievement results fed into the implicit mission of schools:the greater the spread of achievement among students, the more it reinforcedthe rank order. This is why, if some students gave up and stopped trying (even dropped out of school),that wasregarded as the student's problem, not the teacher's or the school's.”可知，学生之间成绩流传得越广，成绩的排名就越固定。结合前文及此处内容，也就是说成绩决定了学生学习的态度，态度决定了他们的排名表现。故本题选D。

8 单选题 1分

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “plummeted” in Paragraph 3?

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正确答案：D

本题解析：

词义题。根据画线词定位到第三段。前面说学生考试分数不高，就会在情感上对其造成消极的影响，导致他们质疑自己的学习能力，失去信心，不想继续尝试。随着这样的想法不断加深，他们的表现也不可逆转地急剧下降。由此可以推断出plummeted与Dropped sharply“急剧下降”意思相近。故本题选D。

9 单选题 1分

What is the author's attitude towards the old mission of assessment?

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正确答案：C

本题解析：

态度题。作者在第二、三段分别阐述了学校的评估对于学习好的学生和学习不好的学生的情感效应，即学习好的学生越来越积极，学习不好的学生越来越消极。第四段提到即使学生成绩不好甚至辍学，这也被认为是学生自己的问题，而不是学校或教师的责任。作者的观点是学校不该让学生越来越消极。通过整篇的用词诸如最后一段“the downside victims"等可知，作者对于学校旧的评估工作是持消极态度的。故本题选C。

10 单选题 1分

阅读 Passage 1,完成小题.

Passage 1

Today'sadults grew up in schools designed to sort us into the various segments of oursocial and economic system. Theamount of time available to learn was fixed: one year per grade. The amount learnedby the end of that time was free to vary:?some of us learned a great deal; some, very little. As weadvanced through the grades, those who had learned a great deal in previousgrades continued to build on those foundations. Those who had failed to masterthe early prerequisites within the allotted time failed to learn that whichfollowed. After 12 or 13 years of cumulative treatment of this kind, we were,in effect, spread along an achievement continuumthat was ultimately reflected in each student's rank in class upon graduation.

?Fromthe very earliest grades, some students learned a great deal very quickly andconsistently scored high on assessments. The emotional effect of this was tohelp them to see themselves as capable learners, and so these students becameincreasingly confident in school. That confidence gave them the inner emotionalstrength to take the risk of striving for more success because they believed thatsuccess was within their reach. Driven forward by this optimism, these studentscontinued to try hard, and that effort continued to result in success for them.They became the academic and emotional winners. Notice that the trigger fortheir emotional strength and their learning success was their perception oftheir success on formal and informal assessments.

?Butthere were other students who didn’t fare so well. They scored very low ontests, beginning in the earliest grades. The emotional effect was to cause themto question their own capabilities as learners. They began to lose confidence,which, in turn, deprived them of the emotional reserves needed to continue totake risks. As their motivation warned, of course, their performance?plummeted.These students embarked on what they believed to be an irreversible

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正确答案：C

本题解析：

细节题。根据题目中的关键词定位到文章中第一段。由最后三句话“…those who had learned a great deal in previous grades continued tobuild on those foundations.…．spread along anachievement continuum that was ultimately reflected in each student's rank inclass upon graduation.”可知，在之前的学习中掌握较多内容的学生继续在已有基础上学习，没有在规定时间内掌握先决条件的人则无法继续学习，经过长期累积，学生的成就最终反映在他们各自的排名上。所以决定学生成就的是他们早期掌握的内容。故本题选C。