2017下半年教师资格证考试《英语学科知识与教学能力》（高级

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1 单选题 1分

Passage 2

Scientists have been surprised at how deeply culture--the language we speak, the values weabsorb--shapes the brain, and are rethinking findings derived from studies of Westerners. To takeone recent example, a region behind the forehead called the medial prefrontal cortex supposedlyrepresents the self: it is active when we ( "we" being the Americans in the study) think of our ownidentity and traits. But with Chinese volunteers, the results were strikingly different. The "me"circuit hummed not only when they thought whether a particular adjective described themselves, butalso when they considered whether it described their mother. The Westerners showed no suchoverlap between self and mom. Depending whether one lives in a culture that views the self asautonomous and unique or as connected to and part of a larger whole, this neural circuit takes onquite different functions.

"Cultural neuroscience," as this new field is called, is about discovering such differences. Someof the findings, as with the "me/mom" circuit, buttress longstanding notions of cultural differences.

For instance, it is a cultural cliche that Westerners focus on individual objects while East Asians payattention to context and background (another manifestation of the individualism-collectivism split).

Sure enough, when shown complex, busy scenes, Asian-Americans and non-Asian-Americansrecruited different brain regions. The Asians showed more activity in areas that processfigure-ground relations--holistic context--while the Americans showed more activity in regions thatrecognize objects.

Psychologist Nalini Ambady of Tufts found something similar when she and colleagues showeddrawings of people in a submissive pose (head down, shoulders hunched) or a dominant one (armscrossed, face forward) to Japanese and Americans. The brain′s dopamine-fueled reward circuitbecame most active at the sight of the stance--dominant for Americans, submissive for Japanese--that eac

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正确答案：B

本题解析：

态度题。由最后一段尤其是最后一句中的“that‘universal’notions such ashuman rights，democracy，and the like may be no such thing”可知．作者对普遍的文化概念是持积极态度的。故选B。

2 单选题 1分

Passage 2

Scientists have been surprised at how deeply culture--the language we speak, the values weabsorb--shapes the brain, and are rethinking findings derived from studies of Westerners. To takeone recent example, a region behind the forehead called the medial prefrontal cortex supposedlyrepresents the self: it is active when we ( "we" being the Americans in the study) think of our ownidentity and traits. But with Chinese volunteers, the results were strikingly different. The "me"circuit hummed not only when they thought whether a particular adjective described themselves, butalso when they considered whether it described their mother. The Westerners showed no suchoverlap between self and mom. Depending whether one lives in a culture that views the self asautonomous and unique or as connected to and part of a larger whole, this neural circuit takes onquite different functions.

"Cultural neuroscience," as this new field is called, is about discovering such differences. Someof the findings, as with the "me/mom" circuit, buttress longstanding notions of cultural differences.

For instance, it is a cultural cliche that Westerners focus on individual objects while East Asians payattention to context and background (another manifestation of the individualism-collectivism split).

Sure enough, when shown complex, busy scenes, Asian-Americans and non-Asian-Americansrecruited different brain regions. The Asians showed more activity in areas that processfigure-ground relations--holistic context--while the Americans showed more activity in regions thatrecognize objects.

Psychologist Nalini Ambady of Tufts found something similar when she and colleagues showeddrawings of people in a submissive pose (head down, shoulders hunched) or a dominant one (armscrossed, face forward) to Japanese and Americans. The brain′s dopamine-fueled reward circuitbecame most active at the sight of the stance--dominant for Americans, submissive for Japanese--that eac

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正确答案：B

本题解析：

细节题。由第三段及所举例子(中国人和说英语的人在算数时大脑的不同思维方式)可知．文化神经学的重大突破是它把文化差异与大脑活动联系起来。故选B。

3 单选题 1分

Passage 2

Scientists have been surprised at how deeply culture--the language we speak, the values weabsorb--shapes the brain, and are rethinking findings derived from studies of Westerners. To takeone recent example, a region behind the forehead called the medial prefrontal cortex supposedlyrepresents the self: it is active when we ( "we" being the Americans in the study) think of our ownidentity and traits. But with Chinese volunteers, the results were strikingly different. The "me"circuit hummed not only when they thought whether a particular adjective described themselves, butalso when they considered whether it described their mother. The Westerners showed no suchoverlap between self and mom. Depending whether one lives in a culture that views the self asautonomous and unique or as connected to and part of a larger whole, this neural circuit takes onquite different functions.

"Cultural neuroscience," as this new field is called, is about discovering such differences. Someof the findings, as with the "me/mom" circuit, buttress longstanding notions of cultural differences.

For instance, it is a cultural cliche that Westerners focus on individual objects while East Asians payattention to context and background (another manifestation of the individualism-collectivism split).

Sure enough, when shown complex, busy scenes, Asian-Americans and non-Asian-Americansrecruited different brain regions. The Asians showed more activity in areas that processfigure-ground relations--holistic context--while the Americans showed more activity in regions thatrecognize objects.

Psychologist Nalini Ambady of Tufts found something similar when she and colleagues showeddrawings of people in a submissive pose (head down, shoulders hunched) or a dominant one (armscrossed, face forward) to Japanese and Americans. The brain′s dopamine-fueled reward circuitbecame most active at the sight of the stance--dominant for Americans, submissive for Japanese--that eac

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正确答案：B

本题解析：

推断题。文章首段第一句说“Scientists have been surprised at how deeply culture…shapesthebrain”。结合下文讲述的文化神经科学的研究，可推出大脑(神经)受不同文化的影响，故选B。C项本身表述正确．但不是推断出的内容，它可以从原文第二段第三句直接得出。

4 单选题 1分

Passage 2

Scientists have been surprised at how deeply culture--the language we speak, the values weabsorb--shapes the brain, and are rethinking findings derived from studies of Westerners. To takeone recent example, a region behind the forehead called the medial prefrontal cortex supposedlyrepresents the self: it is active when we ( "we" being the Americans in the study) think of our ownidentity and traits. But with Chinese volunteers, the results were strikingly different. The "me"circuit hummed not only when they thought whether a particular adjective described themselves, butalso when they considered whether it described their mother. The Westerners showed no suchoverlap between self and mom. Depending whether one lives in a culture that views the self asautonomous and unique or as connected to and part of a larger whole, this neural circuit takes onquite different functions.

"Cultural neuroscience," as this new field is called, is about discovering such differences. Someof the findings, as with the "me/mom" circuit, buttress longstanding notions of cultural differences.

For instance, it is a cultural cliche that Westerners focus on individual objects while East Asians payattention to context and background (another manifestation of the individualism-collectivism split).

Sure enough, when shown complex, busy scenes, Asian-Americans and non-Asian-Americansrecruited different brain regions. The Asians showed more activity in areas that processfigure-ground relations--holistic context--while the Americans showed more activity in regions thatrecognize objects.

Psychologist Nalini Ambady of Tufts found something similar when she and colleagues showeddrawings of people in a submissive pose (head down, shoulders hunched) or a dominant one (armscrossed, face forward) to Japanese and Americans. The brain′s dopamine-fueled reward circuitbecame most active at the sight of the stance--dominant for Americans, submissive for Japanese--that eac

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正确答案：D

本题解析：

推断题。由第三段可知引用先前研究的结果是为了确认之前的看法是对的。故选D。

5 单选题 1分

Passage 2

Scientists have been surprised at how deeply culture--the language we speak, the values weabsorb--shapes the brain, and are rethinking findings derived from studies of Westerners. To takeone recent example, a region behind the forehead called the medial prefrontal cortex supposedlyrepresents the self: it is active when we ( "we" being the Americans in the study) think of our ownidentity and traits. But with Chinese volunteers, the results were strikingly different. The "me"circuit hummed not only when they thought whether a particular adjective described themselves, butalso when they considered whether it described their mother. The Westerners showed no suchoverlap between self and mom. Depending whether one lives in a culture that views the self asautonomous and unique or as connected to and part of a larger whole, this neural circuit takes onquite different functions.

"Cultural neuroscience," as this new field is called, is about discovering such differences. Someof the findings, as with the "me/mom" circuit, buttress longstanding notions of cultural differences.

For instance, it is a cultural cliche that Westerners focus on individual objects while East Asians payattention to context and background (another manifestation of the individualism-collectivism split).

Sure enough, when shown complex, busy scenes, Asian-Americans and non-Asian-Americansrecruited different brain regions. The Asians showed more activity in areas that processfigure-ground relations--holistic context--while the Americans showed more activity in regions thatrecognize objects.

Psychologist Nalini Ambady of Tufts found something similar when she and colleagues showeddrawings of people in a submissive pose (head down, shoulders hunched) or a dominant one (armscrossed, face forward) to Japanese and Americans. The brain′s dopamine-fueled reward circuitbecame most active at the sight of the stance--dominant for Americans, submissive for Japanese--that eac

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正确答案：D

本题解析：

词义题。由画线词定位至文章第三段“Cultural neuroscience wouldn’t be making waves ifit found neurobiological bases only for well-known cultural differences．”．意思是如果发现神经生物学仅以著名的文化差异为基础，那么文化神经科学并不会掀起风波。making waves意为“造成轰动，引起话题”，四个选项中D项Causing disagreement“引起分歧”与其意思最接近。故选D。

6 单选题 1分

Passage 1

With her magical first novel, Garcia joins a growing chorus of talented Latino writers whosevoices are suddenly reaching a far wider, more diverse audience. Unlike Latin American writerssuch as Colombia′s Gabriel Garcia Marquee of Peru′s Mario Vargas Llosa--whose translatedworks became popular here in the 1970s--these authors are writing in English and drawing theirthemes from two cultures. Their stories, from "Dreaming in Cuban" to Julia Alvarez′s "How theGarcia Girls Lost Their Accent" and Victor Villasenor′s "Rain of Gold", offer insight into themixture of economic opportunity and discrimination that Latinos encounter in the United States.

"Garcia Girls" for example, is the story of four sisters weathering their transition from wealthyDominicans to ragtag immigrants, "We didn′ t feel we had the beat the United States had to offer,"one of the girls says, "We had only second-hand stuff, rental houses in one redneck Catholicneighborhood after another, clothes at Round Robin, a black and white TV afflicted with wavylines." Alvarez, a Middlebury College professor Who emigrated from Santo Domingo when she was10, says being an immigrant has given her a special vantage point: "We travel on that borderbetween two worlds and we can see both points of view."

With few exceptions, such as Chicano writer Rudolfo Anaya, many Hispanic-Americans havebeen writing in virtual obscurity for years, nurtured only by small presses like Houston′s ArtePublico or the Bilingual Press in Tempe, Ariz. Only with the recent success of Sandra Cisneros′s "Woman Hollering Creek" and Oscar Hijuelos′s prize-winning novel, "The Mambo Kings PlaySongs of Love," have mainstream publishers begun opening door to other Latinos. Julie Grau,Cisneros′s editor at Turtle Bay, says, "Editors may now be looking more carefully at a book thatbefore they would have deemed too exotic for the general readership."

But if Villasenor′s experience is any indication, some editors are st

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正确答案：D

本题解析：

细节题。根据最后一段中的“Crossing the country，they read in local bookstores，librariesand schools．”可知D项正确。

7 单选题 1分

Passage 1

With her magical first novel, Garcia joins a growing chorus of talented Latino writers whosevoices are suddenly reaching a far wider, more diverse audience. Unlike Latin American writerssuch as Colombia′s Gabriel Garcia Marquee of Peru′s Mario Vargas Llosa--whose translatedworks became popular here in the 1970s--these authors are writing in English and drawing theirthemes from two cultures. Their stories, from "Dreaming in Cuban" to Julia Alvarez′s "How theGarcia Girls Lost Their Accent" and Victor Villasenor′s "Rain of Gold", offer insight into themixture of economic opportunity and discrimination that Latinos encounter in the United States.

"Garcia Girls" for example, is the story of four sisters weathering their transition from wealthyDominicans to ragtag immigrants, "We didn′ t feel we had the beat the United States had to offer,"one of the girls says, "We had only second-hand stuff, rental houses in one redneck Catholicneighborhood after another, clothes at Round Robin, a black and white TV afflicted with wavylines." Alvarez, a Middlebury College professor Who emigrated from Santo Domingo when she was10, says being an immigrant has given her a special vantage point: "We travel on that borderbetween two worlds and we can see both points of view."

With few exceptions, such as Chicano writer Rudolfo Anaya, many Hispanic-Americans havebeen writing in virtual obscurity for years, nurtured only by small presses like Houston′s ArtePublico or the Bilingual Press in Tempe, Ariz. Only with the recent success of Sandra Cisneros′s "Woman Hollering Creek" and Oscar Hijuelos′s prize-winning novel, "The Mambo Kings PlaySongs of Love," have mainstream publishers begun opening door to other Latinos. Julie Grau,Cisneros′s editor at Turtle Bay, says, "Editors may now be looking more carefully at a book thatbefore they would have deemed too exotic for the general readership."

But if Villasenor′s experience is any indication, some editors are st

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正确答案：A

本题解析：

推断题。定位到第三段。第一句提到“ButifVillasenor’s experienceisanyindication，someeditors are still wary．”．wary的意思是“机警的．谨慎的”，与A项中critical的意思是对应的。接下来是具体说明”Byt tge edutirs… wanted major changes:‘Theywere going to destroy the book．It’s nonfiction；they wanted topublish it as anovel．And they wanted to change the title to‘Rio Grande，’…”，由此可以推断出A项。B、C项文中没有提到相关内容。结合最后一句“After ayear of strained relations，he…bought back the rights to the book that hadtaken 10 years to write．”可知作者最终买回了这本书的版权．也就是说作者并不同意出版商把它改编成小说出版的做法．D项说法不正确。

8 单选题 1分

Passage 1

With her magical first novel, Garcia joins a growing chorus of talented Latino writers whosevoices are suddenly reaching a far wider, more diverse audience. Unlike Latin American writerssuch as Colombia′s Gabriel Garcia Marquee of Peru′s Mario Vargas Llosa--whose translatedworks became popular here in the 1970s--these authors are writing in English and drawing theirthemes from two cultures. Their stories, from "Dreaming in Cuban" to Julia Alvarez′s "How theGarcia Girls Lost Their Accent" and Victor Villasenor′s "Rain of Gold", offer insight into themixture of economic opportunity and discrimination that Latinos encounter in the United States.

"Garcia Girls" for example, is the story of four sisters weathering their transition from wealthyDominicans to ragtag immigrants, "We didn′ t feel we had the beat the United States had to offer,"one of the girls says, "We had only second-hand stuff, rental houses in one redneck Catholicneighborhood after another, clothes at Round Robin, a black and white TV afflicted with wavylines." Alvarez, a Middlebury College professor Who emigrated from Santo Domingo when she was10, says being an immigrant has given her a special vantage point: "We travel on that borderbetween two worlds and we can see both points of view."

With few exceptions, such as Chicano writer Rudolfo Anaya, many Hispanic-Americans havebeen writing in virtual obscurity for years, nurtured only by small presses like Houston′s ArtePublico or the Bilingual Press in Tempe, Ariz. Only with the recent success of Sandra Cisneros′s "Woman Hollering Creek" and Oscar Hijuelos′s prize-winning novel, "The Mambo Kings PlaySongs of Love," have mainstream publishers begun opening door to other Latinos. Julie Grau,Cisneros′s editor at Turtle Bay, says, "Editors may now be looking more carefully at a book thatbefore they would have deemed too exotic for the general readership."

But if Villasenor′s experience is any indication, some editors are st

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正确答案：C

本题解析：

细节题。定位到第二段。第一句提到“Withfew exceptions，such as Chicano writer Rudol foAnaya，many Hispanic—Americans have been writing in virtual obscurity for years”，virtual obscurity是默默无闻、不出名的意思．与C项中的unknown意思相近，所以C项正确。A项是对obscurity的错误理解；B项错误，第二句提到“Only withthe recent success of…”：D项文章没有提到。

9 单选题 1分

Passage 1

With her magical first novel, Garcia joins a growing chorus of talented Latino writers whosevoices are suddenly reaching a far wider, more diverse audience. Unlike Latin American writerssuch as Colombia′s Gabriel Garcia Marquee of Peru′s Mario Vargas Llosa--whose translatedworks became popular here in the 1970s--these authors are writing in English and drawing theirthemes from two cultures. Their stories, from "Dreaming in Cuban" to Julia Alvarez′s "How theGarcia Girls Lost Their Accent" and Victor Villasenor′s "Rain of Gold", offer insight into themixture of economic opportunity and discrimination that Latinos encounter in the United States.

"Garcia Girls" for example, is the story of four sisters weathering their transition from wealthyDominicans to ragtag immigrants, "We didn′ t feel we had the beat the United States had to offer,"one of the girls says, "We had only second-hand stuff, rental houses in one redneck Catholicneighborhood after another, clothes at Round Robin, a black and white TV afflicted with wavylines." Alvarez, a Middlebury College professor Who emigrated from Santo Domingo when she was10, says being an immigrant has given her a special vantage point: "We travel on that borderbetween two worlds and we can see both points of view."

With few exceptions, such as Chicano writer Rudolfo Anaya, many Hispanic-Americans havebeen writing in virtual obscurity for years, nurtured only by small presses like Houston′s ArtePublico or the Bilingual Press in Tempe, Ariz. Only with the recent success of Sandra Cisneros′s "Woman Hollering Creek" and Oscar Hijuelos′s prize-winning novel, "The Mambo Kings PlaySongs of Love," have mainstream publishers begun opening door to other Latinos. Julie Grau,Cisneros′s editor at Turtle Bay, says, "Editors may now be looking more carefully at a book thatbefore they would have deemed too exotic for the general readership."

But if Villasenor′s experience is any indication, some editors are st

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正确答案：C

本题解析：

细节题。根据第一段第二句“Unlike Latin American writers…these authors arewritinginEnglish and drawing their themes from two cultures．”及最后一句“…being an immigrant has given her a specialvantage point：‘Wetravel on that borde rbetween two worlds and we can see bothpoints of view．”’可知C项正确。

10 单选题 1分

Passage 1

With her magical first novel, Garcia joins a growing chorus of talented Latino writers whosevoices are suddenly reaching a far wider, more diverse audience. Unlike Latin American writerssuch as Colombia′s Gabriel Garcia Marquee of Peru′s Mario Vargas Llosa--whose translatedworks became popular here in the 1970s--these authors are writing in English and drawing theirthemes from two cultures. Their stories, from "Dreaming in Cuban" to Julia Alvarez′s "How theGarcia Girls Lost Their Accent" and Victor Villasenor′s "Rain of Gold", offer insight into themixture of economic opportunity and discrimination that Latinos encounter in the United States.

"Garcia Girls" for example, is the story of four sisters weathering their transition from wealthyDominicans to ragtag immigrants, "We didn′ t feel we had the beat the United States had to offer,"one of the girls says, "We had only second-hand stuff, rental houses in one redneck Catholicneighborhood after another, clothes at Round Robin, a black and white TV afflicted with wavylines." Alvarez, a Middlebury College professor Who emigrated from Santo Domingo when she was10, says being an immigrant has given her a special vantage point: "We travel on that borderbetween two worlds and we can see both points of view."

With few exceptions, such as Chicano writer Rudolfo Anaya, many Hispanic-Americans havebeen writing in virtual obscurity for years, nurtured only by small presses like Houston′s ArtePublico or the Bilingual Press in Tempe, Ariz. Only with the recent success of Sandra Cisneros′s "Woman Hollering Creek" and Oscar Hijuelos′s prize-winning novel, "The Mambo Kings PlaySongs of Love," have mainstream publishers begun opening door to other Latinos. Julie Grau,Cisneros′s editor at Turtle Bay, says, "Editors may now be looking more carefully at a book thatbefore they would have deemed too exotic for the general readership."

But if Villasenor′s experience is any indication, some editors are st

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正确答案：A

本题解析：

细节题。定位到第一段。根据第二句“Unlike Latin American writers such as…whosetranslated works became popular here in the 1970s--these authors are writing in English and drawing their themesfrom two cultures．”可知A项正确，C项不正确。根据最后一句“Alvarez,a Middlebury College professor whoemigrated from Santo Domingo when she was 10…”可知B项不正确。根据“‘Garcia Girls’for example．is the storyoffour sisters weathering their transition from wealthy Dominicans to ragtag immigrants”可知D项不正确。