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发布时间： 2021-12-24 14:39
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The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment,as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March.And it is far from the only one of its type.As a News Feature article in Nature discusses,a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.Many,like the Fundamental Physics Prize,are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields,they say,and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like?Quite a lot,according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature.You cannot buy class,as the old saying goes,and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels,The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them,say scientists.They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research.They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research.They do not fund peer-reviewed research.They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.Some want to shock,others to draw people into science,or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before,there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed.The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences,launched this year,takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize,each of whom must still be living,has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.The Nobels were,of course,themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money.Time,rather than intention,has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards,two things seem clear.First,most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one.Second,it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere,It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research,after all—but it is the prize-givers’money to do with as they please.It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.
The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as
本题解析：
事实细节根据题干中关键词专有名词“The Fundamental Physics Prize”，我们可以迅速定位到文章第一段。选项A“企业家财富的象征”，以entrepreneurs为关键词定位对应的原文“Many,like the Fundamental Physics Prize,are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.”也就是说像基础物理学奖一样的许多奖项，是由银行账户如电话号码一般长的互联网企业家提供资金设立的，而不是企业家财富的象征，故选项A错误；选项B“可能替代诺贝尔奖的奖项”，以“the Nobel Prizes”为关键词定位对应原文“a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.”就是说“一系列报酬丰厚的奖项加入了诺贝尔奖行列。”很明显原文是“join（加入）”而并非选项中的“replacement（代替）”，故排除B；选项C“对研究者的慷慨奖励”对应原文“they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science”即他们想通过自己的财富让人们关注那些在科学领域有所成就的人，因此C为正确选项；而选项D“银行家投资的一个例子”，原文并未提及这是一个example的相关信息，故排除。
The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment,as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March.And it is far from the only one of its type.As a News Feature article in Nature discusses,a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.Many,like the Fundamental Physics Prize,are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields,they say,and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like?Quite a lot,according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature.You cannot buy class,as the old saying goes,and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels,The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them,say scientists.They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research.They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research.They do not fund peer-reviewed research.They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.Some want to shock,others to draw people into science,or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before,there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed.The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences,launched this year,takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize,each of whom must still be living,has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.The Nobels were,of course,themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money.Time,rather than intention,has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards,two things seem clear.First,most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one.Second,it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere,It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research,after all—but it is the prize-givers’money to do with as they please.It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.
The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves
本题解析：
事实细节根据题干中的专有名词“the Higgs boson”可快速回文定位到原文第四段。从原文来看，即例子前半句的内容“But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize,each of whom must still be living,has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research”，就是说，但诺贝尔奖也存在很大局限性，比如一个奖项最多只能有三位获得者，而且必须健在。而现代科学研究是多人合作式的，所以这项规定很早之前就不合时宜了。而后面谈及希格斯玻色子的发现这一例子正是为了例证这一观点。所以选项A“现代研究的共同努力”中的joint（共同的）正是原文中collaborative（合作）的同义替换，所以A为正确答案。而选项B“获奖者地位的争议”是文中并未提及的信息；选项C“研究发现的展示”是例子本身；选项D“对新奖项的合理关注”对应原文“Time,rather than intention,has given them legitimacy”，原文表述的是诺贝尔奖的合理性，而不是新奖项，故排除。
The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment,as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March.And it is far from the only one of its type.As a News Feature article in Nature discusses,a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.Many,like the Fundamental Physics Prize,are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields,they say,and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like?Quite a lot,according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature.You cannot buy class,as the old saying goes,and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels,The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them,say scientists.They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research.They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research.They do not fund peer-reviewed research.They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.Some want to shock,others to draw people into science,or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before,there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed.The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences,launched this year,takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize,each of whom must still be living,has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.The Nobels were,of course,themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money.Time,rather than intention,has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards,two things seem clear.First,most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one.Second,it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere,It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research,after all—but it is the prize-givers’money to do with as they please.It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.
The critics think that the new awards will most benefit
本题解析：
事实细节根据题干关键词“critics”可回文定位到文章的第二三段。选项A“以利益为导向的科学家”，文中并未提及此相关信息；选项B“新奖项的创立者”对应原文“The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them,say scientists”，也就是说“科学家们称，这些新的奖项其实只是对其背后企业家的自我宣传”，很明显原文中的those指代的是提供资金的人，所以选项B为正确答案。而选项C“以成就为基础的体系”和D“同行评审研究”对应的原文是“They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research.”也就是说，这样一来，就有可能扭曲以成就为基础的同行评审研究体系。很明显原文中的“distort（扭曲）”与题干中的“benefit（获益）”完全相反，故排除。
The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment,as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March.And it is far from the only one of its type.As a News Feature article in Nature discusses,a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.Many,like the Fundamental Physics Prize,are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields,they say,and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like?Quite a lot,according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature.You cannot buy class,as the old saying goes,and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels,The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them,say scientists.They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research.They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research.They do not fund peer-reviewed research.They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.Some want to shock,others to draw people into science,or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before,there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed.The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences,launched this year,takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize,each of whom must still be living,has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.The Nobels were,of course,themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money.Time,rather than intention,has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards,two things seem clear.First,most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one.Second,it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere,It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research,after all—but it is the prize-givers’money to do with as they please.It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.
The author believes that the now awards are
本题解析：
观点态度这道题问的是作者的观点态度，从整个文章结构来看，不难发现作者在最后一段明确了自己的观点态度，因此我们快速定位到文章最后一段。本文最后一段出现了大量表示感情色彩的词，some scientists may complain about；most researchers would accept；it is surely a good thing；It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism；It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.从以上这些词句，尤其是最后一句“怀着感恩之心接受这份馈赠才是明智之举”，可以明显看出作者是支持的态度，所以选项B为正确答案。而选项A“对文化研究不利”、C“遭受不好的改变”、D“不值得公众关注”均是消极负面的态度，故排除。
The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment,as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March.And it is far from the only one of its type.As a News Feature article in Nature discusses,a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.Many,like the Fundamental Physics Prize,are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields,they say,and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.
What’s not to like?Quite a lot,according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature.You cannot buy class,as the old saying goes,and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels,The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them,say scientists.They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research.They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research.They do not fund peer-reviewed research.They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.
The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.Some want to shock,others to draw people into science,or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.
As Nature has pointed out before,there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed.The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences,launched this year,takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize,each of whom must still be living,has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.The Nobels were,of course,themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money.Time,rather than intention,has given them legitimacy.
As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards,two things seem clear.First,most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one.Second,it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere,It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research,after all—but it is the prize-givers’money to do with as they please.It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.
According to Paragraph 4,which of the following is true of the Nobels?
本题解析：
推理判断根据题干内容回文定位到第四段，选项A“历史上对它们从未有过怀疑”，文中未提及doubt的相关信息；同样地，选项B“它们是最具代表性的荣誉”中honor也是文中未提及的信息；而选项C“它们的合理性一直备受争议”对应原文“Time,rather than intention,has given them legitimacy”，即诺贝尔奖的合理性不是其设立的初衷，而在于时间。很明显选项C与原文意思相反，故排除；选项D“它们的持久性使其得到公正的对待”，同样定位到该段末句，其中endurance和justice分别是原文中time和legitimacy的同义替换，所以选项D为正确答案。
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For Questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET（10 points）
【A】Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example,the Parthenon in Athens,Greece,the pyramids of Giza in Egypt;and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England.But these sites are exceptions to the norm.Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching,while many others have been discovered by accident.Olduvai Gorge,an early hominid site in Tanzania,was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911.Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.
【B】In another case,American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City.At its peak around AD 600,this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world.The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas,but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.
【C】How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground?Typically,they survey and sample（make test excavations on）large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information.Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.
【D】Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes.In one case,many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan,Honduras,have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot.The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850,when Copan collapsed.
【E】To find their sites,archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques.Airborne technologies,such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft,allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging.Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features,such as ancient buildings or fields.
【F】Most archaeological sites,however,are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them.Such searches can take years.British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites.Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922.In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’stores in Athens,Greece.He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC.Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos（Knossós）on the island of Crete,in 1900.
【G】Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful.Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking,looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery.They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape.Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar,magnetic-field recording,and metal detectors.Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites.Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations,illustrating how sites look,and presenting the results of archaeological research.1.→A→2.→E→3.→4.→5.
5应选？
本题解析：
如果上文选择正确，本题选唯一剩下的B项。
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For Questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET（10 points）
【A】Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example,the Parthenon in Athens,Greece,the pyramids of Giza in Egypt;and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England.But these sites are exceptions to the norm.Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching,while many others have been discovered by accident.Olduvai Gorge,an early hominid site in Tanzania,was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911.Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.
【B】In another case,American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City.At its peak around AD 600,this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world.The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas,but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.
【C】How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground?Typically,they survey and sample（make test excavations on）large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information.Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.
【D】Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes.In one case,many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan,Honduras,have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot.The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850,when Copan collapsed.
【E】To find their sites,archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques.Airborne technologies,such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft,allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging.Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features,such as ancient buildings or fields.
【F】Most archaeological sites,however,are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them.Such searches can take years.British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites.Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922.In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’stores in Athens,Greece.He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC.Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos（Knossós）on the island of Crete,in 1900.
【G】Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful.Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking,looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery.They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape.Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar,magnetic-field recording,and metal detectors.Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites.Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations,illustrating how sites look,and presenting the results of archaeological research.1.→A→2.→E→3.→4.→5.
4应选？
本题解析：
段落连贯性选项D和B中均有表示时间的线索词，应该放到一起。此外，剩下的两段开头都有明显的特征词，选项D第二句出现“in one case”，而选项B段首出现“in another case”，这两段明显形成语义上的衔接，依据词义的对比比较关系D段中表示泛指的“one”，应该放在“another”之前，由此可知，该题选D。
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For Questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET（10 points）
【A】Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example,the Parthenon in Athens,Greece,the pyramids of Giza in Egypt;and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England.But these sites are exceptions to the norm.Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching,while many others have been discovered by accident.Olduvai Gorge,an early hominid site in Tanzania,was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911.Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.
【B】In another case,American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City.At its peak around AD 600,this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world.The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas,but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.
【C】How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground?Typically,they survey and sample（make test excavations on）large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information.Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.
【D】Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes.In one case,many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan,Honduras,have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot.The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850,when Copan collapsed.
【E】To find their sites,archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques.Airborne technologies,such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft,allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging.Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features,such as ancient buildings or fields.
【F】Most archaeological sites,however,are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them.Such searches can take years.British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites.Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922.In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’stores in Athens,Greece.He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC.Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos（Knossós）on the island of Crete,in 1900.
【G】Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful.Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking,looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery.They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape.Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar,magnetic-field recording,and metal detectors.Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites.Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations,illustrating how sites look,and presenting the results of archaeological research.1.→A→2.→E→3.→4.→5.
3应选？
本题解析：
段落一致性E选项的首句出现了表示总述的“survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques”。由段落的一致性原则可知，下文最好继续承接勘察手段这个话题，而G段落首句正好谈到地面勘察手段，与E项构成了语义上的衔接。再者E段尾处的“aerial surveys”与G段首处的“ground surveys”形成了呼应，E段从第二句开始都在分别列举具体的勘察方法，由此可看出G项是紧跟在“aerial surveys”方法之后的继续列举，综合各种线索可得出G为正确答案。
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For Questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET（10 points）
【A】Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example,the Parthenon in Athens,Greece,the pyramids of Giza in Egypt;and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England.But these sites are exceptions to the norm.Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching,while many others have been discovered by accident.Olduvai Gorge,an early hominid site in Tanzania,was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911.Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.
【B】In another case,American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City.At its peak around AD 600,this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world.The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas,but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.
【C】How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground?Typically,they survey and sample（make test excavations on）large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information.Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.
【D】Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes.In one case,many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan,Honduras,have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot.The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850,when Copan collapsed.
【E】To find their sites,archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques.Airborne technologies,such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft,allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging.Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features,such as ancient buildings or fields.
【F】Most archaeological sites,however,are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them.Such searches can take years.British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites.Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922.In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’stores in Athens,Greece.He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC.Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos（Knossós）on the island of Crete,in 1900.
【G】Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful.Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking,looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery.They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape.Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar,magnetic-field recording,and metal detectors.Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites.Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations,illustrating how sites look,and presenting the results of archaeological research.1.→A→2.→E→3.→4.→5.
2应选？
本题解析：
段落一致性+连贯性选项A首句提到“some archaeological sites”,选项F在首句同样出现了该表达，由此可知这两个选项在讨论同一话题，应该放在一起。同时，选项A说考古遗址是“easily observable”,而F选项说这个过程需要“take years”，在语义上是转折衔接，而F选项首句出现了表达转折关系的连词“however”，故F为正确答案。
Text 2 All around the world,lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism.But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis,spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation.The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this.One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states:a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject,then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with$100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts.Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work,and that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers.Sensible ideas have been around for a long time,but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree.Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer,those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.Except in the District of Columbia,non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm.This keeps fees high and innovation slow.There is pressure for change from within the profession,but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers,by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’efficiency.After all,other countries,such as Australia and Britain,have started liberalizing their legal professions.America should follow.30.In this text,the author mainly discusses
本题解析：
主旨大意从文章整体结构来把握主旨大意。文章首先提出了美国法律行业的问题：巨额的法律服务费用。接着具体深入地分析了产生这种现象的原因，最后提出解决问题的方法策略。所以只要清楚把握文章结构，就可以很容易得出这道题的正确答案为选项C“美国律师行业的问题及应对策略”。而选项A和D只是文中提及的细节信息，选项B文中并未提及相关信息。
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