2014年考研《英语一》真题

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1 问答题 1分

Directions:

　Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

　1) describe the drawing briefly,

　2) interpret its intended meaning, and

　3) give you comments.

　You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

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正确答案：

本题解析：

本图是一组对比图，对比“三十年前”和“现在”的两种情况。左图是一位年轻的母亲牵着年幼的女儿，右图是长大成人的女儿挽着年迈的母亲。图片的主题是“相携”。由此可归结该图片的主题为“孝敬父母”或“关爱老人”。文章的论述重点应是年轻人应懂得感恩，以报答父母的养育恩情。

　　【写作要点】

　　按照图画作文的写作惯例，一般可分为三部分，首先描述图片，然后分析其涵义，一般与某些社会问题相关，接着说明原因或提出解决办法，最后表明自己的态度和观点。全文围绕“尽孝”这一主题展开。

　　

　As is shown above, in the first picture, along the road walked a young and vigorous mother, leading her girl hand in hand, with smile on her face three decades ago, while nowadays the daughter in the prime of her life guided her aged mother through the road arm in arm in the second picture. Simple as they are, the meaning behind is as deep as ocean.

　The contrasting yet touching picture reveals the fact that love between parents and children should remain unconditional and mutual.. It is universally acknowledged that supporting the aged is the responsibility of the sons and daughters of the Chinese people. First of all, emphases should be given to the cultivation of young children on respecting and loving the elders, which is undoubtedly an essential factor of this phenomenon. In addition, our government should take joint efforts to carry out effective measures on how to punish those who abuse the elders. Last but not the least, every individuals should keep deep in mind that it is the elders that contributed a lot to the rapid development of our society.

　Given all the above arguments, I take the attitude that, first of all, we should show filial piety to parents who bring us to maturity. More importantly, the public should embrace and promote the awareness of filial duty which is importance for a more active and healthy society. In conclusion, filial piety, as a traditional Chinese virtue, is indispensable for us living a more valuable and fulfilling life.

2 问答题 1分

Directions:

　Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how to improve students’ physical condition.

　You should include the details you think necessary.

　You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.

　Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.

　Do not write the address. (10 points)

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正确答案：

本题解析：

这是一封建议信，要求考生向就读大学的校长写信建议如何提高学生的身体素质。因此，邮件的第一段应当表明身份和写信目的。第二段提出具体的建议：首先，加强健康理念、使健康意识深入人心，定期开设有关保持健康和饮食平衡的讲座及课程；利用好体育课；最后，在宿舍区附近提供健身和锻炼场所。最后一段再次表达自己的希望。

　　在形式方面要注意三个基本内容：称呼、正文、敬语和署名。由于对方是校长，因此要考虑到不要用过于随便的语言，但又因为是电子邮件也不宜过于正式。最好做到既传达出主要内容，又言简意赅。

　　

Honorable President，

　I’m writing this letter to put forward my suggestions concerning improving students’physical condition in our university which I believe should be deemed as a very important part of campus life.

　First and foremost，a stronger awareness of physical health should be embedded in all students by regularly providing lectures on health maintenance and dietary balance. Most importantly,we should take advantage of P.E.classes ,and not Only to educate students to realize the significance of the classes, but also to encourage students to take an active part in the classes. Moreover,I think it is necessary to build a well-equipped gymnasium and more sports facilities near dormitory areas so that students can make use of them conveniently.

　I will deeply appreciate it if you can take my suggestions into consideration.

Sincerely yours，

Li Ming

3 问答题 1分

Directions:

　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (1) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.

　Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (2) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.

　This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (3) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.

　Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (4) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.

　Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (5) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.

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正确答案：

本题解析：

1.

　　这也是为什么当我们试图用言语来描述音乐时，我们所能做的只是表达我们对音乐的感受，而不是理解音乐本身。

　　

　　①结构分析：本句的主干是It is also the reason why ，这是一个用why引导定语从句的固定句型，说明什么是什么的原因；all作不定代词，用we can do修饰，指“所有我们能做的事”；从句中还含有一个when引导的时间状语when we try to describe music with words。动词articulate及grasp之前均省略了to.符合“有do无to”的语法规则。故该从句可理解为all we can do is to…not to…“我们能做的事是……，而不是……”。our reactions to it中it指代music。

　　②内容要点分析：it is also the reason why…通常译为“这也是……的原因”或“这也是为什么……”；本句原因太长故采用第二种说法；try to do sth.表示试图努力做某事，with words“用言语”在when引导的从句中作状语，将其提到to describe之前来翻译更符合汉语表达习惯。从句主干中的对称结构is（to）articulate…and not（to）grasp…在翻译中要体现出来，译为“只是……而不是……”。grasp有“抓住，理解”的意思。

　　2.

　　人们都认为贝多芬是一个思想自由、充满勇气的人，我觉得要理解它的作品的，勇气是一个必备的品质，更不用说演奏他的作品了。

　　

　　①结构分析：本句是一个由连接词and连接的并列复合句，第一个分句的主语是he，by all accounts用作状语，意为“据大家所说”、“人人都这么说”，one指代person即贝多芬，为了避免重复；第二个分句的主语是I，谓语动词是find，courage为宾语an essential quality补充说明宾语let alone意为“更不必说”，performance与understanding对应，二者共用定语of his works。；

　　②内容要点分析：by all accounts是一个固定词组，意为“据大家所知”，因此可以翻译为“人们普遍认为”。freethinking译为“思想自由”，与courageous 搭配可译为“勇敢无畏”。Let alone 意为“更不用说”，由于performance与understanding共用定语of his works，故翻译let alone the performance 时需要增补“他的作品”. 译为“更不用演奏他的作品”。

　　3.

　　贝多芬习惯以一种极大的强度来提高音量，然后突然接上一段柔和的小节，在他之前几乎没有作曲家这样做。

　　

　　①结构分析：该句主语很长，整个句子可看作Beethoven’s habit was only rarely used by composers before him.主语中心词是habit，of后采用两个动名词引导的对称结构修饰，说明贝多芬的作曲习惯。谓语be used by…为被动语态，由两个副词Only rarely修饰，其中only修饰rarely表示极少。

　　②内容要点分析：本句翻译需要用到词性转换的技巧，由of 引导的修饰habit的内容非常多，定语太长，因此可把“……的习惯”译为动词，即“贝多芬习惯于……”；由of引导的第二个所属结构中既有abruptly又有sudden，都表示突然的意思， 因此为了避免形容词堆砌，可以省译其中一个。was only rarely used by composers是被动语态，这里可以化被动为主动，更符合汉语表达习惯。

　　4.

　　尤为重要的是他对自由的看法，对他来说，自由是与个人权利和责任联系在一起的：他倡导思想自由和个人言论自由。

　　

　　①结构分析：本句是形容词作表语置于句首的完全倒装结构，正序应是his view of freedom was especially significant. 翻译时不用变换，直接说“尤为重要的是……”可体现语序，也符合汉语习惯。Which引导定语从句修饰 his view of freedom ，冒号后的内容对自由做进一步的解释。

　　②内容要点分析：significant意为“重大的”在此可译为“重要的”，view of freedom应译为“对自由的看法”。定语从句which指代freedom，for him为插入语译为“对他来说”。Be associated with 意为与……联系，rights and responsibilities of the individual指权利与责任，of thought and of personal expression同时修饰freedom，译为“思想自由和个人言论自由”。

　　5.

　　我们可以用这样一句话解读贝多芬的大多数作品——苦难是不可避免的，但与之抗争的勇气使生活值得继续。

　　

　　①结构分析：该句结构层次多，主句为One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven，后接方式状语by saying that…，其包含一个从句suffering is…worth living，而此句又是一个以but连接的并列句。不定式短语to fight it为courage的后置定语，it指代苦难（suffering）；使役动词render作谓语，worth living为宾语life的补足语，该句直译为“使生活值得继续”。

　　②内容要点分析：本句涉及one这个泛指不定代词的翻译，One可以指人或物，这里译为“我们”，by引导的方式状语通常泽为“通过……”、“用......方式”，此句中by后内容很多，翻译时可将这个方式状语拆开，增译“这样一句话”或“这种说法”后面再具体说明。动名词Suffering在此做主语，be worth doing 是固定搭配，意为值得做……。

4 问答题 1分

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 1-5, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example; the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.

　[B] In another case, American archaeologists René Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacán in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.

　[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.

　[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copán, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copán collapsed.

　[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.

　[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knosós), on the island of Crete, in 1900.

　[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.

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正确答案：

本题解析：

1. C　本段的首句是一个问句，具有总起的特点。纵观全文不难发现，此文为说明文。文章的首段通常是提出问题。此外，A和E选项已给出，无需考虑。B段第一句有another，E段首句物主代词their，没有指代对象，F段有however，因此这些段落都不可能是首段，故范围缩小至C段和D段和G段，而D段讲述的是Survey的范围可大可小，G段论述地面勘测，十分具体，都与下一段A段所说的“发现考古遗址的途径”衔接不上；C段以设问的方式引出话题：考古学家如何发现考古遗址，与A段的主题刚好可以衔接，故最终确定C段为文章的首段。

　　2. F　本题在A段与E段之间。A段讲述发现考古遗址的三种方式：容易看到的；仔细搜寻定位的；意外发现的。E段则为考古学家发现遗址的方法，是A段中一种方式的具体介绍，故推测本题的内容应与考古学家如何仔细搜寻遗址有关。F段首句中的most archaeological sites， set out to look for them正好与A段中的Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching一致，与A段衔接如此紧密，必随其后。

　　3. G　本题在E段后，E段首句提到考古学家寻找遗址的两个方法：系统的考察方法（systematic survey methods）及多种多样的高科技技术手段（a variety of high-technology tools and techniques），速读该段可发现，该段只讲述了后者，主要是航空技术。故推测下文应该会勘测方法。剩余选项开头有提到survey的有D段和G段。而D段探讨的是survey 的范围（cover…），G段提到的是Ground surveys，讲述“地面勘测”的具体方法和作用，正好和上一段的空中相对应，故相比之下，G段与E段逻辑联系更紧密。

　　4. D　剩下B段和D段，而根据D段第二句中的in one case和B段开头的in another case很容易判断D段在B段之后。本题在G段后，G段末是关于考古学家在地面勘测（ground survey）时绘制遗址地图（map sites and landscapes）。故考虑下文应该是讲述其他勘测方法，或具体展开论述“绘制地图”。 而D段讲述勘测的范围，与G段的勘测方法为同一范畴，而段中的settlement maps也对应了G段末map site，故确定D段为答案。

　　5. B　本题位于D段后，由D段首句可知，勘测的范围有两个方面，a single large settlement“单个大规模地区”或entire landscapes“整个地貌”，而D段的例子只能体现a single large settlement，都是一些杳无人烟的村庄（small rural villages）故推测下文会讲述勘测范围是整个地貌的，B段提到mapping the entire city属于绘制大片区域地图的例子，且该段中的 In another ease正好与D段中的In one case对应，故确定答案为B。