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发布时间： 2021-12-22 17:28
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Passage 8
The very loans that are supposed to help seniors stay in their homes are in many cases pushing them out.Reverse mortgages,which allow homeowners 62 and older to borrow money against the value of their homes and not pay it back until they move out or die,have long been fraught with problems.But federal and state regulators are documenting new instances of abuse as smaller mortgage brokers,including former subprime lenders,flood the market after the recent exit of big banks and as defaults on the loans hit record rates.
Some lenders are aggressively pitching loans to seniors who cannot afford the fees associated with them,not to mention the property taxes and maintenance.Others are wooing seniors with promises that the loans are free money that can be used to finance long-coveted cruises,without clearly explaining the risks.Some widows are facing eviction after they say they were pressured to keep their name off the deed without being told that they could be left facing foreclosure after their husbands died.
Now,as the vast baby boomer generation is entering retirement and more seniors struggle with declining savings,the newly minted Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is working on new rules that could mean better disclosure for consumers and stricter supervision of lenders.More than 775,000 of such loans are outstanding,according to the federal government.
Concerns about the multibillion-dollar reverse mortgage market echo those raised in the lead-up to the financial crisis when consumers were marketed loans—often carrying hidden risks—that they could not afford.“There are many of the same red flags,including explosive growth and the fact that these loans are often advertised aggressively without regard to suitability,”said Lori Swanson,the Minnesota attorney general,who is working on reforming the reverse mortgage market.
The“red flags”of reverse mortgage don’t include______.
本题解析：
根据题干关键词red flags定位至文中末段There are many of the same red flags,including explosive growth（选项A）and the fact that these loans are often advertised aggressively（选项D）without regard to suitability（选项C）可知只有选项B未提及。故本题正确答案选B。
Passage 8
The very loans that are supposed to help seniors stay in their homes are in many cases pushing them out.Reverse mortgages,which allow homeowners 62 and older to borrow money against the value of their homes and not pay it back until they move out or die,have long been fraught with problems.But federal and state regulators are documenting new instances of abuse as smaller mortgage brokers,including former subprime lenders,flood the market after the recent exit of big banks and as defaults on the loans hit record rates.
Some lenders are aggressively pitching loans to seniors who cannot afford the fees associated with them,not to mention the property taxes and maintenance.Others are wooing seniors with promises that the loans are free money that can be used to finance long-coveted cruises,without clearly explaining the risks.Some widows are facing eviction after they say they were pressured to keep their name off the deed without being told that they could be left facing foreclosure after their husbands died.
Now,as the vast baby boomer generation is entering retirement and more seniors struggle with declining savings,the newly minted Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is working on new rules that could mean better disclosure for consumers and stricter supervision of lenders.More than 775,000 of such loans are outstanding,according to the federal government.
Concerns about the multibillion-dollar reverse mortgage market echo those raised in the lead-up to the financial crisis when consumers were marketed loans—often carrying hidden risks—that they could not afford.“There are many of the same red flags,including explosive growth and the fact that these loans are often advertised aggressively without regard to suitability,”said Lori Swanson,the Minnesota attorney general,who is working on reforming the reverse mortgage market.
Which is true about the new rules from Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
本题解析：
根据题干关键词Consumer Financial Protection Bureau定位至第四段…new rules that could mean better disclosure for consumers and stricter supervision of lenders.可知新政策对消费者意味着更多知情权，对放款人管理更严格，因此只有C项符合题意。选项AD明显表述错误，选项B在文中也未提及。故本题正确答案选C。
Passage 8
The very loans that are supposed to help seniors stay in their homes are in many cases pushing them out.Reverse mortgages,which allow homeowners 62 and older to borrow money against the value of their homes and not pay it back until they move out or die,have long been fraught with problems.But federal and state regulators are documenting new instances of abuse as smaller mortgage brokers,including former subprime lenders,flood the market after the recent exit of big banks and as defaults on the loans hit record rates.
Some lenders are aggressively pitching loans to seniors who cannot afford the fees associated with them,not to mention the property taxes and maintenance.Others are wooing seniors with promises that the loans are free money that can be used to finance long-coveted cruises,without clearly explaining the risks.Some widows are facing eviction after they say they were pressured to keep their name off the deed without being told that they could be left facing foreclosure after their husbands died.
Now,as the vast baby boomer generation is entering retirement and more seniors struggle with declining savings,the newly minted Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is working on new rules that could mean better disclosure for consumers and stricter supervision of lenders.More than 775,000 of such loans are outstanding,according to the federal government.
Concerns about the multibillion-dollar reverse mortgage market echo those raised in the lead-up to the financial crisis when consumers were marketed loans—often carrying hidden risks—that they could not afford.“There are many of the same red flags,including explosive growth and the fact that these loans are often advertised aggressively without regard to suitability,”said Lori Swanson,the Minnesota attorney general,who is working on reforming the reverse mortgage market.
The phrase“facing foreclosure”most probably implies（ ）.
本题解析：
通过题干关键词定位至第二段Some widows are facing eviction…without being told that they could be left facing foreclosure after their husbands died.可知她们面对的是丈夫死后房产所有权的丧失，选项B表述正确。选项ACD均不能从划线词所在句子推出，故本题正确答案选B。
Passage 8
The very loans that are supposed to help seniors stay in their homes are in many cases pushing them out.Reverse mortgages,which allow homeowners 62 and older to borrow money against the value of their homes and not pay it back until they move out or die,have long been fraught with problems.But federal and state regulators are documenting new instances of abuse as smaller mortgage brokers,including former subprime lenders,flood the market after the recent exit of big banks and as defaults on the loans hit record rates.
Some lenders are aggressively pitching loans to seniors who cannot afford the fees associated with them,not to mention the property taxes and maintenance.Others are wooing seniors with promises that the loans are free money that can be used to finance long-coveted cruises,without clearly explaining the risks.Some widows are facing eviction after they say they were pressured to keep their name off the deed without being told that they could be left facing foreclosure after their husbands died.
Now,as the vast baby boomer generation is entering retirement and more seniors struggle with declining savings,the newly minted Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is working on new rules that could mean better disclosure for consumers and stricter supervision of lenders.More than 775,000 of such loans are outstanding,according to the federal government.
Concerns about the multibillion-dollar reverse mortgage market echo those raised in the lead-up to the financial crisis when consumers were marketed loans—often carrying hidden risks—that they could not afford.“There are many of the same red flags,including explosive growth and the fact that these loans are often advertised aggressively without regard to suitability,”said Lori Swanson,the Minnesota attorney general,who is working on reforming the reverse mortgage market.
Which is true about the problem of reverse mortgage（ ）.
本题解析：
根据题干关键词the problem of reverse mortgage定位至首段可知作者提出问题之后提到了federal and state regulators的做法，可知接下来将会描述问题所在。根据第二段Some lenders are aggressively pitching loans to seniors who cannot afford the fees associated with them…Others are wooing seniors…without clearly explaining the risks.可知反向抵押贷款最大的问题是借贷者无法按预期还贷，B项表述正确。选项A：有些贷方不愿意贷款给老年人，与文意表达相反；选项C是解决问题的对策，并不是问题本身；选项D：一些贷款机构破产，这是反向抵押贷款问题产生的后果，而不是问题本身，表述错误。故本题正确答案选B。
Passage 8
The very loans that are supposed to help seniors stay in their homes are in many cases pushing them out.Reverse mortgages,which allow homeowners 62 and older to borrow money against the value of their homes and not pay it back until they move out or die,have long been fraught with problems.But federal and state regulators are documenting new instances of abuse as smaller mortgage brokers,including former subprime lenders,flood the market after the recent exit of big banks and as defaults on the loans hit record rates.
Some lenders are aggressively pitching loans to seniors who cannot afford the fees associated with them,not to mention the property taxes and maintenance.Others are wooing seniors with promises that the loans are free money that can be used to finance long-coveted cruises,without clearly explaining the risks.Some widows are facing eviction after they say they were pressured to keep their name off the deed without being told that they could be left facing foreclosure after their husbands died.
Now,as the vast baby boomer generation is entering retirement and more seniors struggle with declining savings,the newly minted Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is working on new rules that could mean better disclosure for consumers and stricter supervision of lenders.More than 775,000 of such loans are outstanding,according to the federal government.
Concerns about the multibillion-dollar reverse mortgage market echo those raised in the lead-up to the financial crisis when consumers were marketed loans—often carrying hidden risks—that they could not afford.“There are many of the same red flags,including explosive growth and the fact that these loans are often advertised aggressively without regard to suitability,”said Lori Swanson,the Minnesota attorney general,who is working on reforming the reverse mortgage market.
What can we learn about mortgage loans from the first paragraph
本题解析：
文章第一段The very loans that are supposed to help seniors stay in their homes are in many cases pushing them out.提到在许多情况下，本来是应该帮助老年人居有定所的贷款在很多情况下使得老人居无定所，因此选项A表述正确。选项B中提到将所有老人赶出去，表述太过绝对；根据Reverse mortgages,which allow homeowners 62 and older to borrow money…可知并不是所有的老人都可以申请反向抵押贷款，反向抵押贷款也不是仅给老年人贷款，选项CD表述均错误。故本题正确答案选A。
Passage 7
If you've ever started a sentence with,"If I were you...."or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague's agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear,there's a scientific reason behind it.Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices,but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn't suffer the same pitfalls.
The problem is"decision fatigue,"a psychological phenomenon that takes a toll on the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making,says Evan Polman,a leading psychologist.
Physicians who have been on the job for several hours,for example,are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so."Presumably it's because it's simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,"Polman says.
But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else.When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else,they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices."By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker,one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,"he says."It's as if there's something fun and liberating about making someone else's choice."
Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process;it often also includes riskier choices.While this sounds undesirable,it can be quite good,says Polman."When people experience decision fatigue-when they are tired of making choices-they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo（现状）,"he says."But the status quo can be problematic,since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome."
In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward,some level of risk is almost always essential."People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,"he says,"That's not to say that risk is always good,but it is related to taking action9whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin（懊恼）of a decision maker who might otherwise prefera new course but is unfortunately hindered."
Just because you can make good choices for others doesn't mean you'll do the same for yourself,Polman cautions."Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,"he says,adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.
What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making （ ）
本题解析：
根据关键词risk定位至第六段第一句，In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward,some level of risk is almost always essential.为了获得成功或奖励，一定程度的风险总是必不可少的，既然必不可少，当然至关重要。选项中vital以及reach the goal desired分别与文中对应的essential，achieve啊successful outcome or reward相对应。故本题正确答案选A。
Passage 7
If you've ever started a sentence with,"If I were you...."or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague's agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear,there's a scientific reason behind it.Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices,but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn't suffer the same pitfalls.
The problem is"decision fatigue,"a psychological phenomenon that takes a toll on the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making,says Evan Polman,a leading psychologist.
Physicians who have been on the job for several hours,for example,are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so."Presumably it's because it's simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,"Polman says.
But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else.When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else,they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices."By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker,one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,"he says."It's as if there's something fun and liberating about making someone else's choice."
Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process;it often also includes riskier choices.While this sounds undesirable,it can be quite good,says Polman."When people experience decision fatigue-when they are tired of making choices-they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo（现状）,"he says."But the status quo can be problematic,since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome."
In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward,some level of risk is almost always essential."People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,"he says,"That's not to say that risk is always good,but it is related to taking action9whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin（懊恼）of a decision maker who might otherwise prefera new course but is unfortunately hindered."
Just because you can make good choices for others doesn't mean you'll do the same for yourself,Polman cautions."Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,"he says,adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.
What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in （ ）
本题解析：
根据第五段第三句，When people experience decision fatigue-when they are tired of making choices-they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo当人们经历决策疲劳，也就是他们厌倦了做出选择的时候，他们会倾向于维持现状，既然是维持现状，自然就不会尝试新的方法。故本题正确答案选D。
Passage 7
If you've ever started a sentence with,"If I were you...."or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague's agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear,there's a scientific reason behind it.Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices,but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn't suffer the same pitfalls.
The problem is"decision fatigue,"a psychological phenomenon that takes a toll on the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making,says Evan Polman,a leading psychologist.
Physicians who have been on the job for several hours,for example,are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so."Presumably it's because it's simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,"Polman says.
But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else.When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else,they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices."By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker,one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,"he says."It's as if there's something fun and liberating about making someone else's choice."
Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process;it often also includes riskier choices.While this sounds undesirable,it can be quite good,says Polman."When people experience decision fatigue-when they are tired of making choices-they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo（现状）,"he says."But the status quo can be problematic,since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome."
In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward,some level of risk is almost always essential."People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,"he says,"That's not to say that risk is always good,but it is related to taking action9whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin（懊恼）of a decision maker who might otherwise prefera new course but is unfortunately hindered."
Just because you can make good choices for others doesn't mean you'll do the same for yourself,Polman cautions."Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,"he says,adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.
When do people feel less decision fatigue （ ）
本题解析：
根据第四段第一句，But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else.然而，为他人做决定时则不会遭遇决策疲劳，那么人们自然是当他们帮助别人做决定时，不太容易感到决策疲劳。故本题正确答案选B。
Passage 7
If you've ever started a sentence with,"If I were you...."or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague's agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear,there's a scientific reason behind it.Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices,but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn't suffer the same pitfalls.
The problem is"decision fatigue,"a psychological phenomenon that takes a toll on the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making,says Evan Polman,a leading psychologist.
Physicians who have been on the job for several hours,for example,are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so."Presumably it's because it's simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,"Polman says.
But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else.When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else,they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices."By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker,one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,"he says."It's as if there's something fun and liberating about making someone else's choice."
Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process;it often also includes riskier choices.While this sounds undesirable,it can be quite good,says Polman."When people experience decision fatigue-when they are tired of making choices-they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo（现状）,"he says."But the status quo can be problematic,since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome."
In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward,some level of risk is almost always essential."People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,"he says,"That's not to say that risk is always good,but it is related to taking action9whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin（懊恼）of a decision maker who might otherwise prefera new course but is unfortunately hindered."
Just because you can make good choices for others doesn't mean you'll do the same for yourself,Polman cautions."Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,"he says,adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.
What does the example about the physicians illustrate （ ）
本题解析：
根据题干关键词example和physicians定位至第三段，Physicians who have been on the job for several hours,for example,are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so.例如，那些连续工作了几个小时的医生更倾向于给病人开抗生素，尽管这样做很多时候并不明智。这里以医生作为例子，证明了决策疲劳可能会阻碍人们作出明智的决定。故本题正确答案选C。
Passage 7
If you've ever started a sentence with,"If I were you...."or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague's agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear,there's a scientific reason behind it.Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices,but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn't suffer the same pitfalls.
The problem is"decision fatigue,"a psychological phenomenon that takes a toll on the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making,says Evan Polman,a leading psychologist.
Physicians who have been on the job for several hours,for example,are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so."Presumably it's because it's simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,"Polman says.
But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else.When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else,they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices."By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker,one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,"he says."It's as if there's something fun and liberating about making someone else's choice."
Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process;it often also includes riskier choices.While this sounds undesirable,it can be quite good,says Polman."When people experience decision fatigue-when they are tired of making choices-they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo（现状）,"he says."But the status quo can be problematic,since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome."
In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward,some level of risk is almost always essential."People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,"he says,"That's not to say that risk is always good,but it is related to taking action9whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin（懊恼）of a decision maker who might otherwise prefera new course but is unfortunately hindered."
Just because you can make good choices for others doesn't mean you'll do the same for yourself,Polman cautions."Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,"he says,adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.
What does the author say about people making decisions （ ）
本题解析：
根据关键词making decision定位至第一段第二句话，Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices,...我们自己的决策能力会在一天中被消耗殆尽，导致优柔寡断或决策失误，意味着人们可能会因为做太多的决定而筋疲力竭。exhausted和原文中depleted意义相关。故本题正确答案选A。
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