2021年教师招聘考试《小学英语》押题密卷6

I’m sure your suggestion will ____ the problem.

--How about your journey to Mount Emei?

--Everything was wonderful except that our car ___________twice on the way.

There is more and more doubt ___________ the UN resolution aimed at stopping humanitarian crisis in Libya has been abused.

It′ s said that the power plant is now __________large as what is was.

An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person′s characters, however, they arc not always ____________.

Jimmy, you really ought to make __________ most of the opportunity, because you won′t get __________ second time.

The reasons for teaching writing to students of English as a foreign language include reinforcement, language ___________, learning style and, most importantly, writing as a skill in its own right.

I took my ticket, and marched proudly up the platform, with my cheeses, the people__respectfully on either side.

Don′t do that again, ___________?

__________ is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare, and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism.

"He looks normal." That′ s what everybody says when I tell them my son was just diagnosed as autism (孤独症). They all say it without exception.

It′s true. Alejandro does look like every other 31 boy. He plays, he smiles, and he runs around with the two-year-old boy′ s boundless energy until he is too tired. He laughs when you move your fingers 32 on a sensitive part of his body. And he often plays with his toys like every other young child at his age.

But most of the time, Alejandro 33 in his own little world playing with his toys all by himself even in a group of kids and ignoring you when you talk to him loudly. At that time he′s alone, no matter how hard you try to 34 him.

My wife and I get 35 .We ask for "nose kisses" or hugs and many times he doesn′t notice us. It′s extremely anxious when your child′s face is right in front of you and he won′t admit your presence.

He regularly doesn′t eat. The food often bothers him when he puts it in his mouth. He is very small 36 his age. We are told that it′s another effect of the autism.

Because autism isn′t like some other 37 , there is no set treatment. Each child needs to be treated 38 ; what works for one probably doesn′t work for another. Try a treatment. If it doesn′t work, you have to try another39 you hopefully find something that does work.

The future is cloudy, but we will try everything we can do to reach him, because we love him and we know he′s a special little boy. And we believe with the help of love, we can 40 any difficulty.

第（31）题选

"He looks normal." That′ s what everybody says when I tell them my son was just diagnosed as autism (孤独症). They all say it without exception.

It′s true. Alejandro does look like every other 31 boy. He plays, he smiles, and he runs around with the two-year-old boy′ s boundless energy until he is too tired. He laughs when you move your fingers 32 on a sensitive part of his body. And he often plays with his toys like every other young child at his age.

But most of the time, Alejandro 33 in his own little world playing with his toys all by himself even in a group of kids and ignoring you when you talk to him loudly. At that time he′s alone, no matter how hard you try to 34 him.

My wife and I get 35 .We ask for "nose kisses" or hugs and many times he doesn′t notice us. It′s extremely anxious when your child′s face is right in front of you and he won′t admit your presence.

He regularly doesn′t eat. The food often bothers him when he puts it in his mouth. He is very small 36 his age. We are told that it′s another effect of the autism.

Because autism isn′t like some other 37 , there is no set treatment. Each child needs to be treated 38 ; what works for one probably doesn′t work for another. Try a treatment. If it doesn′t work, you have to try another39 you hopefully find something that does work.

The future is cloudy, but we will try everything we can do to reach him, because we love him and we know he′s a special little boy. And we believe with the help of love, we can 40 any difficulty.

第（32）题选

"He looks normal." That′ s what everybody says when I tell them my son was just diagnosed as autism (孤独症). They all say it without exception.

It′s true. Alejandro does look like every other 31 boy. He plays, he smiles, and he runs around with the two-year-old boy′ s boundless energy until he is too tired. He laughs when you move your fingers 32 on a sensitive part of his body. And he often plays with his toys like every other young child at his age.

But most of the time, Alejandro 33 in his own little world playing with his toys all by himself even in a group of kids and ignoring you when you talk to him loudly. At that time he′s alone, no matter how hard you try to 34 him.

My wife and I get 35 .We ask for "nose kisses" or hugs and many times he doesn′t notice us. It′s extremely anxious when your child′s face is right in front of you and he won′t admit your presence.

He regularly doesn′t eat. The food often bothers him when he puts it in his mouth. He is very small 36 his age. We are told that it′s another effect of the autism.

Because autism isn′t like some other 37 , there is no set treatment. Each child needs to be treated 38 ; what works for one probably doesn′t work for another. Try a treatment. If it doesn′t work, you have to try another39 you hopefully find something that does work.

The future is cloudy, but we will try everything we can do to reach him, because we love him and we know he′s a special little boy. And we believe with the help of love, we can 40 any difficulty.

第（33）题选

"He looks normal." That′ s what everybody says when I tell them my son was just diagnosed as autism (孤独症). They all say it without exception.

It′s true. Alejandro does look like every other 31 boy. He plays, he smiles, and he runs around with the two-year-old boy′ s boundless energy until he is too tired. He laughs when you move your fingers 32 on a sensitive part of his body. And he often plays with his toys like every other young child at his age.

But most of the time, Alejandro 33 in his own little world playing with his toys all by himself even in a group of kids and ignoring you when you talk to him loudly. At that time he′s alone, no matter how hard you try to 34 him.

My wife and I get 35 .We ask for "nose kisses" or hugs and many times he doesn′t notice us. It′s extremely anxious when your child′s face is right in front of you and he won′t admit your presence.

He regularly doesn′t eat. The food often bothers him when he puts it in his mouth. He is very small 36 his age. We are told that it′s another effect of the autism.

Because autism isn′t like some other 37 , there is no set treatment. Each child needs to be treated 38 ; what works for one probably doesn′t work for another. Try a treatment. If it doesn′t work, you have to try another39 you hopefully find something that does work.

The future is cloudy, but we will try everything we can do to reach him, because we love him and we know he′s a special little boy. And we believe with the help of love, we can 40 any difficulty.

第（34）题选

"He looks normal." That′ s what everybody says when I tell them my son was just diagnosed as autism (孤独症). They all say it without exception.

It′s true. Alejandro does look like every other 31 boy. He plays, he smiles, and he runs around with the two-year-old boy′ s boundless energy until he is too tired. He laughs when you move your fingers 32 on a sensitive part of his body. And he often plays with his toys like every other young child at his age.

But most of the time, Alejandro 33 in his own little world playing with his toys all by himself even in a group of kids and ignoring you when you talk to him loudly. At that time he′s alone, no matter how hard you try to 34 him.

My wife and I get 35 .We ask for "nose kisses" or hugs and many times he doesn′t notice us. It′s extremely anxious when your child′s face is right in front of you and he won′t admit your presence.

He regularly doesn′t eat. The food often bothers him when he puts it in his mouth. He is very small 36 his age. We are told that it′s another effect of the autism.

Because autism isn′t like some other 37 , there is no set treatment. Each child needs to be treated 38 ; what works for one probably doesn′t work for another. Try a treatment. If it doesn′t work, you have to try another39 you hopefully find something that does work.

The future is cloudy, but we will try everything we can do to reach him, because we love him and we know he′s a special little boy. And we believe with the help of love, we can 40 any difficulty.

第（35）题选

"He looks normal." That′ s what everybody says when I tell them my son was just diagnosed as autism (孤独症). They all say it without exception.

It′s true. Alejandro does look like every other 31 boy. He plays, he smiles, and he runs around with the two-year-old boy′ s boundless energy until he is too tired. He laughs when you move your fingers 32 on a sensitive part of his body. And he often plays with his toys like every other young child at his age.

But most of the time, Alejandro 33 in his own little world playing with his toys all by himself even in a group of kids and ignoring you when you talk to him loudly. At that time he′s alone, no matter how hard you try to 34 him.

My wife and I get 35 .We ask for "nose kisses" or hugs and many times he doesn′t notice us. It′s extremely anxious when your child′s face is right in front of you and he won′t admit your presence.

He regularly doesn′t eat. The food often bothers him when he puts it in his mouth. He is very small 36 his age. We are told that it′s another effect of the autism.

Because autism isn′t like some other 37 , there is no set treatment. Each child needs to be treated 38 ; what works for one probably doesn′t work for another. Try a treatment. If it doesn′t work, you have to try another39 you hopefully find something that does work.

The future is cloudy, but we will try everything we can do to reach him, because we love him and we know he′s a special little boy. And we believe with the help of love, we can 40 any difficulty.

第（36）题选

"He looks normal." That′ s what everybody says when I tell them my son was just diagnosed as autism (孤独症). They all say it without exception.

It′s true. Alejandro does look like every other 31 boy. He plays, he smiles, and he runs around with the two-year-old boy′ s boundless energy until he is too tired. He laughs when you move your fingers 32 on a sensitive part of his body. And he often plays with his toys like every other young child at his age.

But most of the time, Alejandro 33 in his own little world playing with his toys all by himself even in a group of kids and ignoring you when you talk to him loudly. At that time he′s alone, no matter how hard you try to 34 him.

My wife and I get 35 .We ask for "nose kisses" or hugs and many times he doesn′t notice us. It′s extremely anxious when your child′s face is right in front of you and he won′t admit your presence.

He regularly doesn′t eat. The food often bothers him when he puts it in his mouth. He is very small 36 his age. We are told that it′s another effect of the autism.

Because autism isn′t like some other 37 , there is no set treatment. Each child needs to be treated 38 ; what works for one probably doesn′t work for another. Try a treatment. If it doesn′t work, you have to try another39 you hopefully find something that does work.

The future is cloudy, but we will try everything we can do to reach him, because we love him and we know he′s a special little boy. And we believe with the help of love, we can 40 any difficulty.

第（37）题选

"He looks normal." That′ s what everybody says when I tell them my son was just diagnosed as autism (孤独症). They all say it without exception.

It′s true. Alejandro does look like every other 31 boy. He plays, he smiles, and he runs around with the two-year-old boy′ s boundless energy until he is too tired. He laughs when you move your fingers 32 on a sensitive part of his body. And he often plays with his toys like every other young child at his age.

But most of the time, Alejandro 33 in his own little world playing with his toys all by himself even in a group of kids and ignoring you when you talk to him loudly. At that time he′s alone, no matter how hard you try to 34 him.

My wife and I get 35 .We ask for "nose kisses" or hugs and many times he doesn′t notice us. It′s extremely anxious when your child′s face is right in front of you and he won′t admit your presence.

He regularly doesn′t eat. The food often bothers him when he puts it in his mouth. He is very small 36 his age. We are told that it′s another effect of the autism.

Because autism isn′t like some other 37 , there is no set treatment. Each child needs to be treated 38 ; what works for one probably doesn′t work for another. Try a treatment. If it doesn′t work, you have to try another39 you hopefully find something that does work.

The future is cloudy, but we will try everything we can do to reach him, because we love him and we know he′s a special little boy. And we believe with the help of love, we can 40 any difficulty.

第（38）题选

"He looks normal." That′ s what everybody says when I tell them my son was just diagnosed as autism (孤独症). They all say it without exception.

It′s true. Alejandro does look like every other 31 boy. He plays, he smiles, and he runs around with the two-year-old boy′ s boundless energy until he is too tired. He laughs when you move your fingers 32 on a sensitive part of his body. And he often plays with his toys like every other young child at his age.

But most of the time, Alejandro 33 in his own little world playing with his toys all by himself even in a group of kids and ignoring you when you talk to him loudly. At that time he′s alone, no matter how hard you try to 34 him.

My wife and I get 35 .We ask for "nose kisses" or hugs and many times he doesn′t notice us. It′s extremely anxious when your child′s face is right in front of you and he won′t admit your presence.

He regularly doesn′t eat. The food often bothers him when he puts it in his mouth. He is very small 36 his age. We are told that it′s another effect of the autism.

Because autism isn′t like some other 37 , there is no set treatment. Each child needs to be treated 38 ; what works for one probably doesn′t work for another. Try a treatment. If it doesn′t work, you have to try another39 you hopefully find something that does work.

The future is cloudy, but we will try everything we can do to reach him, because we love him and we know he′s a special little boy. And we believe with the help of love, we can 40 any difficulty.

第（39）题选

"He looks normal." That′ s what everybody says when I tell them my son was just diagnosed as autism (孤独症). They all say it without exception.

It′s true. Alejandro does look like every other 31 boy. He plays, he smiles, and he runs around with the two-year-old boy′ s boundless energy until he is too tired. He laughs when you move your fingers 32 on a sensitive part of his body. And he often plays with his toys like every other young child at his age.

But most of the time, Alejandro 33 in his own little world playing with his toys all by himself even in a group of kids and ignoring you when you talk to him loudly. At that time he′s alone, no matter how hard you try to 34 him.

My wife and I get 35 .We ask for "nose kisses" or hugs and many times he doesn′t notice us. It′s extremely anxious when your child′s face is right in front of you and he won′t admit your presence.

He regularly doesn′t eat. The food often bothers him when he puts it in his mouth. He is very small 36 his age. We are told that it′s another effect of the autism.

Because autism isn′t like some other 37 , there is no set treatment. Each child needs to be treated 38 ; what works for one probably doesn′t work for another. Try a treatment. If it doesn′t work, you have to try another39 you hopefully find something that does work.

The future is cloudy, but we will try everything we can do to reach him, because we love him and we know he′s a special little boy. And we believe with the help of love, we can 40 any difficulty.

第（40）题选

Psychology tells us that many people hate to take risks. But it is good for us to take risks, especially when the risk is to achieve a desired result. In that way, we become stronger and braver.

Our human nature should be to take risks, but some people just sit and wish they didn't have the fear to move on. This is because they failed a few times in their lives. Please step out and don't let the past hold you back from living life to the fullest. Move forward and move on! In studying the psychology of taking risks, we find that human provides us with the desire to experiment and take chances.

Risk taking is a great advantage that allowed our ancestors to become stronger and stronger day by day. By taking risks they fought off enemies and discovered new territories. This attitude has become a part of our modem culture. Riding a roller caster is a common risk taking activity. Even each person seems to enjoy the risk although they have the understanding that it is dangerous. This psychological and biological connection creates an interesting connection between what is unsafe and what humans enjoy.

Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk, too. We need to take risks so that we can complete many things. Astronauts take risks when they get inside a rocket; however,the things they achieve are great. Businessmen take a risk when they buy parts of a company, however, without doing that, they could not make more money.

We need to take risks so that we can gain something. It is impossible to move forward in life, earn money, enjoy a relationship, play a sport, or doing anything else without taking a risk. It is all part of the game. It' s one of the most important parts of life.

Some people don't want to take risks, mainly because__

Psychology tells us that many people hate to take risks. But it is good for us to take risks, especially when the risk is to achieve a desired result. In that way, we become stronger and braver.

Our human nature should be to take risks, but some people just sit and wish they didn't have the fear to move on. This is because they failed a few times in their lives. Please step out and don't let the past hold you back from living life to the fullest. Move forward and move on! In studying the psychology of taking risks, we find that human provides us with the desire to experiment and take chances.

Risk taking is a great advantage that allowed our ancestors to become stronger and stronger day by day. By taking risks they fought off enemies and discovered new territories. This attitude has become a part of our modem culture. Riding a roller caster is a common risk taking activity. Even each person seems to enjoy the risk although they have the understanding that it is dangerous. This psychological and biological connection creates an interesting connection between what is unsafe and what humans enjoy.

Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk, too. We need to take risks so that we can complete many things. Astronauts take risks when they get inside a rocket; however,the things they achieve are great. Businessmen take a risk when they buy parts of a company, however, without doing that, they could not make more money.

We need to take risks so that we can gain something. It is impossible to move forward in life, earn money, enjoy a relationship, play a sport, or doing anything else without taking a risk. It is all part of the game. It' s one of the most important parts of life.

What does the underlined part "This attitude" in paragraph 3 mean?

Psychology tells us that many people hate to take risks. But it is good for us to take risks, especially when the risk is to achieve a desired result. In that way, we become stronger and braver.

Our human nature should be to take risks, but some people just sit and wish they didn't have the fear to move on. This is because they failed a few times in their lives. Please step out and don't let the past hold you back from living life to the fullest. Move forward and move on! In studying the psychology of taking risks, we find that human provides us with the desire to experiment and take chances.

Risk taking is a great advantage that allowed our ancestors to become stronger and stronger day by day. By taking risks they fought off enemies and discovered new territories. This attitude has become a part of our modem culture. Riding a roller caster is a common risk taking activity. Even each person seems to enjoy the risk although they have the understanding that it is dangerous. This psychological and biological connection creates an interesting connection between what is unsafe and what humans enjoy.

Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk, too. We need to take risks so that we can complete many things. Astronauts take risks when they get inside a rocket; however,the things they achieve are great. Businessmen take a risk when they buy parts of a company, however, without doing that, they could not make more money.

We need to take risks so that we can gain something. It is impossible to move forward in life, earn money, enjoy a relationship, play a sport, or doing anything else without taking a risk. It is all part of the game. It' s one of the most important parts of life.

What can we infer from the passage?

Psychology tells us that many people hate to take risks. But it is good for us to take risks, especially when the risk is to achieve a desired result. In that way, we become stronger and braver.

Our human nature should be to take risks, but some people just sit and wish they didn't have the fear to move on. This is because they failed a few times in their lives. Please step out and don't let the past hold you back from living life to the fullest. Move forward and move on! In studying the psychology of taking risks, we find that human provides us with the desire to experiment and take chances.

Risk taking is a great advantage that allowed our ancestors to become stronger and stronger day by day. By taking risks they fought off enemies and discovered new territories. This attitude has become a part of our modem culture. Riding a roller caster is a common risk taking activity. Even each person seems to enjoy the risk although they have the understanding that it is dangerous. This psychological and biological connection creates an interesting connection between what is unsafe and what humans enjoy.

Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk, too. We need to take risks so that we can complete many things. Astronauts take risks when they get inside a rocket; however,the things they achieve are great. Businessmen take a risk when they buy parts of a company, however, without doing that, they could not make more money.

We need to take risks so that we can gain something. It is impossible to move forward in life, earn money, enjoy a relationship, play a sport, or doing anything else without taking a risk. It is all part of the game. It' s one of the most important parts of life.

What would be the title for the passage?

In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington,52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw-having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.

That's a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation's early leaders and the fragile nature of the country's infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong-and yet most did little to fight it.

More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.

For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and The Creation of America． The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the "peculiar institution," including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.

And the statesmen's political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson exte

In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington,52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw-having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.

That's a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation's early leaders and the fragile nature of the country's infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong-and yet most did little to fight it.

More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.

For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and The Creation of America． The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the "peculiar institution," including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.

And the statesmen's political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson exte

In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington,52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw-having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.

That's a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation's early leaders and the fragile nature of the country's infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong-and yet most did little to fight it.

More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.

For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and The Creation of America． The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the "peculiar institution," including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.

And the statesmen's political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson exte

In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington,52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw-having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.

That's a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation's early leaders and the fragile nature of the country's infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong-and yet most did little to fight it.

More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.

For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and The Creation of America． The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the "peculiar institution," including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.

And the statesmen's political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson exte

During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.

In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback-a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This "added-worker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.

During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen--and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to WalMart workers, with much higher deductibles an

During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.

In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback-a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This "added-worker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.

During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen--and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to WalMart workers, with much higher deductibles an

During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.

In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback-a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This "added-worker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.

During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen--and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to WalMart workers, with much higher deductibles an

During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.

In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback-a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This "added-worker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.

During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen--and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to WalMart workers, with much higher deductibles an