2022年成人高等考试《英语》（专升本）押题密卷

He was ____ first person who climb ____ Qomolangma．（　　）

Lily looks ____ in red while blue clothes are nice ____ you.（　　）

Nobody except your parents ____ for you.（　　）

The number of my apples is ____ yours.（　　）

He usually feels lonely though he ____ happy.（　　）

He compares music ____ his life.（　　）

I have decided which country ____.（　　）

Once I was taken ____ by the old man, because he looks honest.（　　）

The school took ____ measures to protect the students safety.（　　）

___ more time, I might have been abroad to spend my holiday.（　　）

To achieve success, ____ I need is your help.（　　）

It's a good advice by the teacher that foods ____ to the classroom.（　　）

Had I known what happened, ____.（　　）

He's so easy to get angry, therefore, I can't ____ him.（　　）

I don't know when we ____ you.（　　）

The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a(an)　21　language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas,　22　are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as　23　levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.

　　In fact, it is　24　to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The　25　for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is　26　to explain and still more difficult to judge　27　forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.

　　The main reason for the widespread　28　for English is its present day importance as a world language. Besides　29　the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other　30　are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for　31　purposes as meteorological(气象的) and airport communications, international conferences, and the　32　of information over the radio and television networks of many　33　. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, specially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual　34　and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and　35　as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.

____.

The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a(an)　21　language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas,　22　are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as　23　levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.

　　In fact, it is　24　to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The　25　for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is　26　to explain and still more difficult to judge　27　forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.

　　The main reason for the widespread　28　for English is its present day importance as a world language. Besides　29　the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other　30　are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for　31　purposes as meteorological(气象的) and airport communications, international conferences, and the　32　of information over the radio and television networks of many　33　. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, specially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual　34　and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and　35　as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.

____.

The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a(an)　21　language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas,　22　are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as　23　levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.

　　In fact, it is　24　to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The　25　for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is　26　to explain and still more difficult to judge　27　forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.

　　The main reason for the widespread　28　for English is its present day importance as a world language. Besides　29　the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other　30　are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for　31　purposes as meteorological(气象的) and airport communications, international conferences, and the　32　of information over the radio and television networks of many　33　. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, specially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual　34　and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and　35　as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.

____.

The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a(an)　21　language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas,　22　are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as　23　levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.

　　In fact, it is　24　to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The　25　for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is　26　to explain and still more difficult to judge　27　forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.

　　The main reason for the widespread　28　for English is its present day importance as a world language. Besides　29　the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other　30　are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for　31　purposes as meteorological(气象的) and airport communications, international conferences, and the　32　of information over the radio and television networks of many　33　. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, specially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual　34　and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and　35　as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.

____.

The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a(an)　21　language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas,　22　are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as　23　levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.

　　In fact, it is　24　to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The　25　for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is　26　to explain and still more difficult to judge　27　forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.

　　The main reason for the widespread　28　for English is its present day importance as a world language. Besides　29　the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other　30　are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for　31　purposes as meteorological(气象的) and airport communications, international conferences, and the　32　of information over the radio and television networks of many　33　. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, specially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual　34　and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and　35　as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.

____.

The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a(an)　21　language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas,　22　are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as　23　levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.

　　In fact, it is　24　to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The　25　for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is　26　to explain and still more difficult to judge　27　forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.

　　The main reason for the widespread　28　for English is its present day importance as a world language. Besides　29　the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other　30　are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for　31　purposes as meteorological(气象的) and airport communications, international conferences, and the　32　of information over the radio and television networks of many　33　. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, specially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual　34　and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and　35　as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.

____.

The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a(an)　21　language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas,　22　are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as　23　levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.

　　In fact, it is　24　to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The　25　for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is　26　to explain and still more difficult to judge　27　forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.

　　The main reason for the widespread　28　for English is its present day importance as a world language. Besides　29　the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other　30　are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for　31　purposes as meteorological(气象的) and airport communications, international conferences, and the　32　of information over the radio and television networks of many　33　. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, specially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual　34　and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and　35　as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.

____.

The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a(an)　21　language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas,　22　are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as　23　levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.

　　In fact, it is　24　to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The　25　for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is　26　to explain and still more difficult to judge　27　forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.

　　The main reason for the widespread　28　for English is its present day importance as a world language. Besides　29　the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other　30　are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for　31　purposes as meteorological(气象的) and airport communications, international conferences, and the　32　of information over the radio and television networks of many　33　. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, specially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual　34　and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and　35　as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.

____.

The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a(an)　21　language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas,　22　are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as　23　levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.

　　In fact, it is　24　to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The　25　for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is　26　to explain and still more difficult to judge　27　forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.

　　The main reason for the widespread　28　for English is its present day importance as a world language. Besides　29　the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other　30　are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for　31　purposes as meteorological(气象的) and airport communications, international conferences, and the　32　of information over the radio and television networks of many　33　. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, specially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual　34　and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and　35　as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.

____.

The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a(an)　21　language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas,　22　are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as　23　levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.

　　In fact, it is　24　to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The　25　for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is　26　to explain and still more difficult to judge　27　forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.

　　The main reason for the widespread　28　for English is its present day importance as a world language. Besides　29　the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other　30　are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for　31　purposes as meteorological(气象的) and airport communications, international conferences, and the　32　of information over the radio and television networks of many　33　. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, specially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual　34　and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and　35　as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.

____.

The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a(an)　21　language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas,　22　are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as　23　levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.

　　In fact, it is　24　to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The　25　for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is　26　to explain and still more difficult to judge　27　forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.

　　The main reason for the widespread　28　for English is its present day importance as a world language. Besides　29　the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other　30　are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for　31　purposes as meteorological(气象的) and airport communications, international conferences, and the　32　of information over the radio and television networks of many　33　. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, specially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual　34　and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and　35　as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.

____.

The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a(an)　21　language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas,　22　are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as　23　levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.

　　In fact, it is　24　to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The　25　for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is　26　to explain and still more difficult to judge　27　forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.

　　The main reason for the widespread　28　for English is its present day importance as a world language. Besides　29　the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other　30　are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for　31　purposes as meteorological(气象的) and airport communications, international conferences, and the　32　of information over the radio and television networks of many　33　. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, specially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual　34　and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and　35　as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.

____.

The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a(an)　21　language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas,　22　are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as　23　levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.

　　In fact, it is　24　to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The　25　for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is　26　to explain and still more difficult to judge　27　forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.

　　The main reason for the widespread　28　for English is its present day importance as a world language. Besides　29　the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other　30　are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for　31　purposes as meteorological(气象的) and airport communications, international conferences, and the　32　of information over the radio and television networks of many　33　. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, specially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual　34　and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and　35　as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.

____.

The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a(an)　21　language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas,　22　are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as　23　levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.

　　In fact, it is　24　to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The　25　for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is　26　to explain and still more difficult to judge　27　forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.

　　The main reason for the widespread　28　for English is its present day importance as a world language. Besides　29　the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other　30　are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for　31　purposes as meteorological(气象的) and airport communications, international conferences, and the　32　of information over the radio and television networks of many　33　. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, specially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual　34　and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and　35　as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.

____.

The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a(an)　21　language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas,　22　are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as　23　levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.

　　In fact, it is　24　to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The　25　for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is　26　to explain and still more difficult to judge　27　forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.

　　The main reason for the widespread　28　for English is its present day importance as a world language. Besides　29　the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other　30　are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for　31　purposes as meteorological(气象的) and airport communications, international conferences, and the　32　of information over the radio and television networks of many　33　. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, specially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual　34　and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and　35　as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.

____.

Toronto: A 300-pound adult Siberian tiger escaped from its four-meter high chain-link pen（圈）at the Toronto Zoo yesterday, on one of the busiest days of the year.

　　Though no one was hurt, the dangerous animal was separated from the public for a time by nothing more than a four-foot fence. The escape occurred after one of the animal's handlers left the pen gate open. It prompted a swift response from officials. Staff were sent immediately to arrest the run-away tiger.

　　General Manager Calvin White told reporters that staff were preparing for the worst. “I ordered a tranquilizer（麻醉剂）gun so we would have tranquilized her, but thankfully we didn't have to.” Mr. White said. The tiger was successfully led back into its cage after the brief escape.

　　The incident occurred during the Toronto Zoo's 28th annual Christmas Treats Walk, where admission is free in return for donations of food that does not easily go bad.

　　Thousands of people attend each Boxing Day to see the animals fed by their handlers.

The tiger escape happened ____.（　　）

Toronto: A 300-pound adult Siberian tiger escaped from its four-meter high chain-link pen（圈）at the Toronto Zoo yesterday, on one of the busiest days of the year.

　　Though no one was hurt, the dangerous animal was separated from the public for a time by nothing more than a four-foot fence. The escape occurred after one of the animal's handlers left the pen gate open. It prompted a swift response from officials. Staff were sent immediately to arrest the run-away tiger.

　　General Manager Calvin White told reporters that staff were preparing for the worst. “I ordered a tranquilizer（麻醉剂）gun so we would have tranquilized her, but thankfully we didn't have to.” Mr. White said. The tiger was successfully led back into its cage after the brief escape.

　　The incident occurred during the Toronto Zoo's 28th annual Christmas Treats Walk, where admission is free in return for donations of food that does not easily go bad.

　　Thousands of people attend each Boxing Day to see the animals fed by their handlers.

Who is Calvin White?（　　）

Toronto: A 300-pound adult Siberian tiger escaped from its four-meter high chain-link pen（圈）at the Toronto Zoo yesterday, on one of the busiest days of the year.

　　Though no one was hurt, the dangerous animal was separated from the public for a time by nothing more than a four-foot fence. The escape occurred after one of the animal's handlers left the pen gate open. It prompted a swift response from officials. Staff were sent immediately to arrest the run-away tiger.

　　General Manager Calvin White told reporters that staff were preparing for the worst. “I ordered a tranquilizer（麻醉剂）gun so we would have tranquilized her, but thankfully we didn't have to.” Mr. White said. The tiger was successfully led back into its cage after the brief escape.

　　The incident occurred during the Toronto Zoo's 28th annual Christmas Treats Walk, where admission is free in return for donations of food that does not easily go bad.

　　Thousands of people attend each Boxing Day to see the animals fed by their handlers.

Which of the following is RIGHT?（　　）

Toronto: A 300-pound adult Siberian tiger escaped from its four-meter high chain-link pen（圈）at the Toronto Zoo yesterday, on one of the busiest days of the year.

　　Though no one was hurt, the dangerous animal was separated from the public for a time by nothing more than a four-foot fence. The escape occurred after one of the animal's handlers left the pen gate open. It prompted a swift response from officials. Staff were sent immediately to arrest the run-away tiger.

　　General Manager Calvin White told reporters that staff were preparing for the worst. “I ordered a tranquilizer（麻醉剂）gun so we would have tranquilized her, but thankfully we didn't have to.” Mr. White said. The tiger was successfully led back into its cage after the brief escape.

　　The incident occurred during the Toronto Zoo's 28th annual Christmas Treats Walk, where admission is free in return for donations of food that does not easily go bad.

　　Thousands of people attend each Boxing Day to see the animals fed by their handlers.

The best title for the news report is ____.（　　）

Some years ago industries had more freedom than they have now, and they did not need to be as careful as they must today. They did not need to worry a lot about the safety of the new products that they developed. They did not have to pay much attention to the health and safety of the people who worked for them. Often new products were dangerous for the people who used them; often conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers.

　　Of course sometimes there were real disasters which attracted the attention of governments and which showed need for changes. Also scientists who were doing research into the health of workers sometimes produced information which governments could not ignore. At such times, there were inquiries into the causes of the disaster or the problems. New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquiries; however, the new rule; came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill.

　　Today many governments have special departments which protect customers and workers. In the U. S., for example, there is a department which tests new airplanes and gives warnings about possible problems. It also makes the rules that aircraft producers must follow. Another department controls the foods and drugs that companies sell. A third department looks at the places where people work, and then reports any companies that are breaking laws which protect the health and safety of workers. Of course, new government departments and new laws cannot prevent every accident or illness, but they are having some good results. Our work places are safer and cleaner than before. The planes and cars which we use for travel are better. Producers are thinking more about the safety and health of the people who buy and use their products.

The main topic of the passage is ____.（　　）

Some years ago industries had more freedom than they have now, and they did not need to be as careful as they must today. They did not need to worry a lot about the safety of the new products that they developed. They did not have to pay much attention to the health and safety of the people who worked for them. Often new products were dangerous for the people who used them; often conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers.

　　Of course sometimes there were real disasters which attracted the attention of governments and which showed need for changes. Also scientists who were doing research into the health of workers sometimes produced information which governments could not ignore. At such times, there were inquiries into the causes of the disaster or the problems. New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquiries; however, the new rule; came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill.

　　Today many governments have special departments which protect customers and workers. In the U. S., for example, there is a department which tests new airplanes and gives warnings about possible problems. It also makes the rules that aircraft producers must follow. Another department controls the foods and drugs that companies sell. A third department looks at the places where people work, and then reports any companies that are breaking laws which protect the health and safety of workers. Of course, new government departments and new laws cannot prevent every accident or illness, but they are having some good results. Our work places are safer and cleaner than before. The planes and cars which we use for travel are better. Producers are thinking more about the safety and health of the people who buy and use their products.

It can be inferred from the passage that in the past ____.（　　）

Some years ago industries had more freedom than they have now, and they did not need to be as careful as they must today. They did not need to worry a lot about the safety of the new products that they developed. They did not have to pay much attention to the health and safety of the people who worked for them. Often new products were dangerous for the people who used them; often conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers.

　　Of course sometimes there were real disasters which attracted the attention of governments and which showed need for changes. Also scientists who were doing research into the health of workers sometimes produced information which governments could not ignore. At such times, there were inquiries into the causes of the disaster or the problems. New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquiries; however, the new rule; came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill.

　　Today many governments have special departments which protect customers and workers. In the U. S., for example, there is a department which tests new airplanes and gives warnings about possible problems. It also makes the rules that aircraft producers must follow. Another department controls the foods and drugs that companies sell. A third department looks at the places where people work, and then reports any companies that are breaking laws which protect the health and safety of workers. Of course, new government departments and new laws cannot prevent every accident or illness, but they are having some good results. Our work places are safer and cleaner than before. The planes and cars which we use for travel are better. Producers are thinking more about the safety and health of the people who buy and use their products.

It is implied in the passage that ____.（　　）

Some years ago industries had more freedom than they have now, and they did not need to be as careful as they must today. They did not need to worry a lot about the safety of the new products that they developed. They did not have to pay much attention to the health and safety of the people who worked for them. Often new products were dangerous for the people who used them; often conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers.

　　Of course sometimes there were real disasters which attracted the attention of governments and which showed need for changes. Also scientists who were doing research into the health of workers sometimes produced information which governments could not ignore. At such times, there were inquiries into the causes of the disaster or the problems. New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquiries; however, the new rule; came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill.

　　Today many governments have special departments which protect customers and workers. In the U. S., for example, there is a department which tests new airplanes and gives warnings about possible problems. It also makes the rules that aircraft producers must follow. Another department controls the foods and drugs that companies sell. A third department looks at the places where people work, and then reports any companies that are breaking laws which protect the health and safety of workers. Of course, new government departments and new laws cannot prevent every accident or illness, but they are having some good results. Our work places are safer and cleaner than before. The planes and cars which we use for travel are better. Producers are thinking more about the safety and health of the people who buy and use their products.

Some years ago safety rules ____.（　　）

　“When one of the doctors criticizes（批评）me, I get defensive. I feel like a child again, being scolded, and I want to explain that I'm not wrong,” says Viola, a nurse. This is a common reaction（反应）to criticism, but not a good one. There are better ways of dealing with criticism.

　　Try to be objective（客观的）. When Sol was criticized by his new employer for not having made a sale, Sol's reaction was to feel sorry for himself. “I had put everything I had into making that sale,” Sol says. “And I felt that I had failed as a person. I had to learn through experience not to react like that to each failure.”

　　Take time to cool down. Rather than react at once to criticism, take some time to think over what was said. Your first question should be whether the criticism is fair from the other person's position. The problem may be a simple misunderstanding of what you did or your reasons for doing it.

　　Take positive（积极的）action. After you cool down, consider what you can do about the situation. The best answer may be “nothing”. “I finally realized that my boss was having personal problems and taking them out on me because I was there,” says Sheila. “His criticisms didn't really have anything to do with my work, so nothing I said or did was going to change them.” In Sheila's case, the best way to deal with it was to leave her job. However, that's an extreme（极端的）reaction.

　　You may simply explain your opinion without expecting an in-depth(深入的) discussion. You may even decide that the battle isn't worth fighting this time. The key, in any case, is to have a reasonable plan.

When Sol was criticized by his employer, he ____.（　　）

　“When one of the doctors criticizes（批评）me, I get defensive. I feel like a child again, being scolded, and I want to explain that I'm not wrong,” says Viola, a nurse. This is a common reaction（反应）to criticism, but not a good one. There are better ways of dealing with criticism.

　　Try to be objective（客观的）. When Sol was criticized by his new employer for not having made a sale, Sol's reaction was to feel sorry for himself. “I had put everything I had into making that sale,” Sol says. “And I felt that I had failed as a person. I had to learn through experience not to react like that to each failure.”

　　Take time to cool down. Rather than react at once to criticism, take some time to think over what was said. Your first question should be whether the criticism is fair from the other person's position. The problem may be a simple misunderstanding of what you did or your reasons for doing it.

　　Take positive（积极的）action. After you cool down, consider what you can do about the situation. The best answer may be “nothing”. “I finally realized that my boss was having personal problems and taking them out on me because I was there,” says Sheila. “His criticisms didn't really have anything to do with my work, so nothing I said or did was going to change them.” In Sheila's case, the best way to deal with it was to leave her job. However, that's an extreme（极端的）reaction.

　　You may simply explain your opinion without expecting an in-depth(深入的) discussion. You may even decide that the battle isn't worth fighting this time. The key, in any case, is to have a reasonable plan.

According to the writer, you should take time to think about criticism because____.（　　）

　“When one of the doctors criticizes（批评）me, I get defensive. I feel like a child again, being scolded, and I want to explain that I'm not wrong,” says Viola, a nurse. This is a common reaction（反应）to criticism, but not a good one. There are better ways of dealing with criticism.

　　Try to be objective（客观的）. When Sol was criticized by his new employer for not having made a sale, Sol's reaction was to feel sorry for himself. “I had put everything I had into making that sale,” Sol says. “And I felt that I had failed as a person. I had to learn through experience not to react like that to each failure.”

　　Take time to cool down. Rather than react at once to criticism, take some time to think over what was said. Your first question should be whether the criticism is fair from the other person's position. The problem may be a simple misunderstanding of what you did or your reasons for doing it.

　　Take positive（积极的）action. After you cool down, consider what you can do about the situation. The best answer may be “nothing”. “I finally realized that my boss was having personal problems and taking them out on me because I was there,” says Sheila. “His criticisms didn't really have anything to do with my work, so nothing I said or did was going to change them.” In Sheila's case, the best way to deal with it was to leave her job. However, that's an extreme（极端的）reaction.

　　You may simply explain your opinion without expecting an in-depth(深入的) discussion. You may even decide that the battle isn't worth fighting this time. The key, in any case, is to have a reasonable plan.

When the writer says that “the best answer may be ‘nothing’”, he means you may decide ____.（　　）

　“When one of the doctors criticizes（批评）me, I get defensive. I feel like a child again, being scolded, and I want to explain that I'm not wrong,” says Viola, a nurse. This is a common reaction（反应）to criticism, but not a good one. There are better ways of dealing with criticism.

　　Try to be objective（客观的）. When Sol was criticized by his new employer for not having made a sale, Sol's reaction was to feel sorry for himself. “I had put everything I had into making that sale,” Sol says. “And I felt that I had failed as a person. I had to learn through experience not to react like that to each failure.”

　　Take time to cool down. Rather than react at once to criticism, take some time to think over what was said. Your first question should be whether the criticism is fair from the other person's position. The problem may be a simple misunderstanding of what you did or your reasons for doing it.

　　Take positive（积极的）action. After you cool down, consider what you can do about the situation. The best answer may be “nothing”. “I finally realized that my boss was having personal problems and taking them out on me because I was there,” says Sheila. “His criticisms didn't really have anything to do with my work, so nothing I said or did was going to change them.” In Sheila's case, the best way to deal with it was to leave her job. However, that's an extreme（极端的）reaction.

　　You may simply explain your opinion without expecting an in-depth(深入的) discussion. You may even decide that the battle isn't worth fighting this time. The key, in any case, is to have a reasonable plan.

The writer thinks Sheila can decide to leave her job because her boss ____.（　　）

In ancient times wealth was measured and exchanged in things that could be touched: food, tools, and precious metals and stones. Then the barter system was replaced by coins, which still had real value since they were pieces of rare metal. Coins were followed by fiat money, paper notes that have value only because everyone agrees to accept them.

　　Today electronic monetary systems are gradually being introduced that will transform money into even less tangible forms, reducing it to a series of “bits and bytes”, or units of computerized information, going between machines at the speed of light. Already, electronic fund transfer allows money to be instantly sent and received by different banks, companies, and countries through computers and telecommunications devices.

According to the passage, which of the following was the earliest kind of exchange of wealth?（　　）

In ancient times wealth was measured and exchanged in things that could be touched: food, tools, and precious metals and stones. Then the barter system was replaced by coins, which still had real value since they were pieces of rare metal. Coins were followed by fiat money, paper notes that have value only because everyone agrees to accept them.

　　Today electronic monetary systems are gradually being introduced that will transform money into even less tangible forms, reducing it to a series of “bits and bytes”, or units of computerized information, going between machines at the speed of light. Already, electronic fund transfer allows money to be instantly sent and received by different banks, companies, and countries through computers and telecommunications devices.

The author mentions food, tools and precious metals and stones together because they are all ____.（　　）

In ancient times wealth was measured and exchanged in things that could be touched: food, tools, and precious metals and stones. Then the barter system was replaced by coins, which still had real value since they were pieces of rare metal. Coins were followed by fiat money, paper notes that have value only because everyone agrees to accept them.

　　Today electronic monetary systems are gradually being introduced that will transform money into even less tangible forms, reducing it to a series of “bits and bytes”, or units of computerized information, going between machines at the speed of light. Already, electronic fund transfer allows money to be instantly sent and received by different banks, companies, and countries through computers and telecommunications devices.

According to the passage, coins once had real value as currency because they ____.（　　）

In ancient times wealth was measured and exchanged in things that could be touched: food, tools, and precious metals and stones. Then the barter system was replaced by coins, which still had real value since they were pieces of rare metal. Coins were followed by fiat money, paper notes that have value only because everyone agrees to accept them.

　　Today electronic monetary systems are gradually being introduced that will transform money into even less tangible forms, reducing it to a series of “bits and bytes”, or units of computerized information, going between machines at the speed of light. Already, electronic fund transfer allows money to be instantly sent and received by different banks, companies, and countries through computers and telecommunications devices.

Which of the following statements about computerized monetary systems is NOT supported by the passage?（　　）

Education is not an end, but a means to an end． In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them; our purpose is to prepare them for life. As soon as we realize this fact, we will understand that it is very important to choose a system of education which will really prepare children for life. It is not enough just to choose the first system of education one finds, or to continue with one's old system of education without examining it to see whether it is in fact suitable or not.

　　In many modern countries, it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all-whether rich or poor, clever or stupid-one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough; we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill. Because of their degrees, they refuse to do what they consider “low” work; and, in fact, work with the hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries.

　　But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor. We can live without education, but we will die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we would have terrible diseases in our towns. In countries where there are no servants because everyone is ashamed to do such work, scientists have to waste much of their time doing housework.

　　In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to prepare for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability, and secondly, we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and it is very bad to be ashame of one's work, or to scorn someone else's. Only such a type of education can be called valuable to society.

Education is ____.（　　）

Education is not an end, but a means to an end． In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them; our purpose is to prepare them for life. As soon as we realize this fact, we will understand that it is very important to choose a system of education which will really prepare children for life. It is not enough just to choose the first system of education one finds, or to continue with one's old system of education without examining it to see whether it is in fact suitable or not.

　　In many modern countries, it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all-whether rich or poor, clever or stupid-one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough; we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill. Because of their degrees, they refuse to do what they consider “low” work; and, in fact, work with the hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries.

　　But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor. We can live without education, but we will die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we would have terrible diseases in our towns. In countries where there are no servants because everyone is ashamed to do such work, scientists have to waste much of their time doing housework.

　　In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to prepare for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability, and secondly, we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and it is very bad to be ashame of one's work, or to scorn someone else's. Only such a type of education can be called valuable to society.

In many modern countries, children go to school____.（　　）

Education is not an end, but a means to an end． In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them; our purpose is to prepare them for life. As soon as we realize this fact, we will understand that it is very important to choose a system of education which will really prepare children for life. It is not enough just to choose the first system of education one finds, or to continue with one's old system of education without examining it to see whether it is in fact suitable or not.

　　In many modern countries, it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all-whether rich or poor, clever or stupid-one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough; we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill. Because of their degrees, they refuse to do what they consider “low” work; and, in fact, work with the hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries.

　　But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor. We can live without education, but we will die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we would have terrible diseases in our towns. In countries where there are no servants because everyone is ashamed to do such work, scientists have to waste much of their time doing housework.

　　In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to prepare for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability, and secondly, we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and it is very bad to be ashame of one's work, or to scorn someone else's. Only such a type of education can be called valuable to society.

In our country, the educational purpose is____.（　　）

Education is not an end, but a means to an end． In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them; our purpose is to prepare them for life. As soon as we realize this fact, we will understand that it is very important to choose a system of education which will really prepare children for life. It is not enough just to choose the first system of education one finds, or to continue with one's old system of education without examining it to see whether it is in fact suitable or not.

　　In many modern countries, it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all-whether rich or poor, clever or stupid-one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough; we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill. Because of their degrees, they refuse to do what they consider “low” work; and, in fact, work with the hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries.

　　But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor. We can live without education, but we will die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we would have terrible diseases in our towns. In countries where there are no servants because everyone is ashamed to do such work, scientists have to waste much of their time doing housework.

　　In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to prepare for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability, and secondly, we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and it is very bad to be ashame of one's work, or to scorn someone else's. Only such a type of education can be called valuable to society.

Cleaners and farmers do ____ scientists do.（　　）

Hurry up,____ we will miss the train.（　　）

He must be handsome,____ he?（　　）

Everybody ____ lies need to be punished.（　　）

Our company is very ____ for the worker for they can get to the subway in five minutes.（　　）

___ to go is just ____ I am thinking now.（　　）

Your friends ____ you to me for this opportunity for you are responsible.（　　）

Yesterday,____ went hiking together.（　　）

Your bike needs ____.（　　）

Time ____,we will go to South Korea for holiday.（　　）

The law has been approved and it will soon be ____.（　　）

The students showed ____ of the teacher's advice.（　　）

The basketball match is televised ____ now.（　　）

It's about time ____.（　　）

The teacher suggested that ____ our homework on time.（　　）

On the table ____ two apples and a banana．（　　）

It’s an annual back-to-school routine.One morning you wave good-bye,and that 　21　evening you're burning the mid-night oil in sympathy.In the race to improve educational standards,　22　are throwing the books at kids.　23　elementary school students are complaining of homework fatigue.What's a well-meaning parent to do?

　　As hard as　24　may be,sit back and chill,experts advise.Though you've got to get them to do it,　25　helping too much,or even examining answers too carefully,you may keep them　26　doing it by themselves."I wouldn't advise a parent to check every　27　assignment,"says psychologist John Rosemond,author of Ending the Tough Homework,"There's a　28　of appreciation for trial and error.Let your children　29　the grade they deserve."

　　Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their　30　.But"you don't want them to feel it has to be　31　,"she says.

　　That's not to say parents should　32　homework-first,they should monitor how much homework their kids have.Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in　33　four,five,and six is standard,says Rosemond.For junior-high students it should be"　34　more than a hour and a half," and two for high school students.If your child consistently has more homework than this you may want to check　35　other parents and then talk to the teacher about reducing assignments.

____.

It’s an annual back-to-school routine.One morning you wave good-bye,and that 　21　evening you're burning the mid-night oil in sympathy.In the race to improve educational standards,　22　are throwing the books at kids.　23　elementary school students are complaining of homework fatigue.What's a well-meaning parent to do?

　　As hard as　24　may be,sit back and chill,experts advise.Though you've got to get them to do it,　25　helping too much,or even examining answers too carefully,you may keep them　26　doing it by themselves."I wouldn't advise a parent to check every　27　assignment,"says psychologist John Rosemond,author of Ending the Tough Homework,"There's a　28　of appreciation for trial and error.Let your children　29　the grade they deserve."

　　Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their　30　.But"you don't want them to feel it has to be　31　,"she says.

　　That's not to say parents should　32　homework-first,they should monitor how much homework their kids have.Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in　33　four,five,and six is standard,says Rosemond.For junior-high students it should be"　34　more than a hour and a half," and two for high school students.If your child consistently has more homework than this you may want to check　35　other parents and then talk to the teacher about reducing assignments.

____.

It’s an annual back-to-school routine.One morning you wave good-bye,and that 　21　evening you're burning the mid-night oil in sympathy.In the race to improve educational standards,　22　are throwing the books at kids.　23　elementary school students are complaining of homework fatigue.What's a well-meaning parent to do?

　　As hard as　24　may be,sit back and chill,experts advise.Though you've got to get them to do it,　25　helping too much,or even examining answers too carefully,you may keep them　26　doing it by themselves."I wouldn't advise a parent to check every　27　assignment,"says psychologist John Rosemond,author of Ending the Tough Homework,"There's a　28　of appreciation for trial and error.Let your children　29　the grade they deserve."

　　Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their　30　.But"you don't want them to feel it has to be　31　,"she says.

　　That's not to say parents should　32　homework-first,they should monitor how much homework their kids have.Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in　33　four,five,and six is standard,says Rosemond.For junior-high students it should be"　34　more than a hour and a half," and two for high school students.If your child consistently has more homework than this you may want to check　35　other parents and then talk to the teacher about reducing assignments.

____.

It’s an annual back-to-school routine.One morning you wave good-bye,and that 　21　evening you're burning the mid-night oil in sympathy.In the race to improve educational standards,　22　are throwing the books at kids.　23　elementary school students are complaining of homework fatigue.What's a well-meaning parent to do?

　　As hard as　24　may be,sit back and chill,experts advise.Though you've got to get them to do it,　25　helping too much,or even examining answers too carefully,you may keep them　26　doing it by themselves."I wouldn't advise a parent to check every　27　assignment,"says psychologist John Rosemond,author of Ending the Tough Homework,"There's a　28　of appreciation for trial and error.Let your children　29　the grade they deserve."

　　Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their　30　.But"you don't want them to feel it has to be　31　,"she says.

　　That's not to say parents should　32　homework-first,they should monitor how much homework their kids have.Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in　33　four,five,and six is standard,says Rosemond.For junior-high students it should be"　34　more than a hour and a half," and two for high school students.If your child consistently has more homework than this you may want to check　35　other parents and then talk to the teacher about reducing assignments.

____.

It’s an annual back-to-school routine.One morning you wave good-bye,and that 　21　evening you're burning the mid-night oil in sympathy.In the race to improve educational standards,　22　are throwing the books at kids.　23　elementary school students are complaining of homework fatigue.What's a well-meaning parent to do?

　　As hard as　24　may be,sit back and chill,experts advise.Though you've got to get them to do it,　25　helping too much,or even examining answers too carefully,you may keep them　26　doing it by themselves."I wouldn't advise a parent to check every　27　assignment,"says psychologist John Rosemond,author of Ending the Tough Homework,"There's a　28　of appreciation for trial and error.Let your children　29　the grade they deserve."

　　Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their　30　.But"you don't want them to feel it has to be　31　,"she says.

　　That's not to say parents should　32　homework-first,they should monitor how much homework their kids have.Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in　33　four,five,and six is standard,says Rosemond.For junior-high students it should be"　34　more than a hour and a half," and two for high school students.If your child consistently has more homework than this you may want to check　35　other parents and then talk to the teacher about reducing assignments.

____.

It’s an annual back-to-school routine.One morning you wave good-bye,and that 　21　evening you're burning the mid-night oil in sympathy.In the race to improve educational standards,　22　are throwing the books at kids.　23　elementary school students are complaining of homework fatigue.What's a well-meaning parent to do?

　　As hard as　24　may be,sit back and chill,experts advise.Though you've got to get them to do it,　25　helping too much,or even examining answers too carefully,you may keep them　26　doing it by themselves."I wouldn't advise a parent to check every　27　assignment,"says psychologist John Rosemond,author of Ending the Tough Homework,"There's a　28　of appreciation for trial and error.Let your children　29　the grade they deserve."

　　Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their　30　.But"you don't want them to feel it has to be　31　,"she says.

　　That's not to say parents should　32　homework-first,they should monitor how much homework their kids have.Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in　33　four,five,and six is standard,says Rosemond.For junior-high students it should be"　34　more than a hour and a half," and two for high school students.If your child consistently has more homework than this you may want to check　35　other parents and then talk to the teacher about reducing assignments.

____.

It’s an annual back-to-school routine.One morning you wave good-bye,and that 　21　evening you're burning the mid-night oil in sympathy.In the race to improve educational standards,　22　are throwing the books at kids.　23　elementary school students are complaining of homework fatigue.What's a well-meaning parent to do?

　　As hard as　24　may be,sit back and chill,experts advise.Though you've got to get them to do it,　25　helping too much,or even examining answers too carefully,you may keep them　26　doing it by themselves."I wouldn't advise a parent to check every　27　assignment,"says psychologist John Rosemond,author of Ending the Tough Homework,"There's a　28　of appreciation for trial and error.Let your children　29　the grade they deserve."

　　Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their　30　.But"you don't want them to feel it has to be　31　,"she says.

　　That's not to say parents should　32　homework-first,they should monitor how much homework their kids have.Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in　33　four,five,and six is standard,says Rosemond.For junior-high students it should be"　34　more than a hour and a half," and two for high school students.If your child consistently has more homework than this you may want to check　35　other parents and then talk to the teacher about reducing assignments.

____.

It’s an annual back-to-school routine.One morning you wave good-bye,and that 　21　evening you're burning the mid-night oil in sympathy.In the race to improve educational standards,　22　are throwing the books at kids.　23　elementary school students are complaining of homework fatigue.What's a well-meaning parent to do?

　　As hard as　24　may be,sit back and chill,experts advise.Though you've got to get them to do it,　25　helping too much,or even examining answers too carefully,you may keep them　26　doing it by themselves."I wouldn't advise a parent to check every　27　assignment,"says psychologist John Rosemond,author of Ending the Tough Homework,"There's a　28　of appreciation for trial and error.Let your children　29　the grade they deserve."

　　Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their　30　.But"you don't want them to feel it has to be　31　,"she says.

　　That's not to say parents should　32　homework-first,they should monitor how much homework their kids have.Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in　33　four,five,and six is standard,says Rosemond.For junior-high students it should be"　34　more than a hour and a half," and two for high school students.If your child consistently has more homework than this you may want to check　35　other parents and then talk to the teacher about reducing assignments.

____.

It’s an annual back-to-school routine.One morning you wave good-bye,and that 　21　evening you're burning the mid-night oil in sympathy.In the race to improve educational standards,　22　are throwing the books at kids.　23　elementary school students are complaining of homework fatigue.What's a well-meaning parent to do?

　　As hard as　24　may be,sit back and chill,experts advise.Though you've got to get them to do it,　25　helping too much,or even examining answers too carefully,you may keep them　26　doing it by themselves."I wouldn't advise a parent to check every　27　assignment,"says psychologist John Rosemond,author of Ending the Tough Homework,"There's a　28　of appreciation for trial and error.Let your children　29　the grade they deserve."

　　Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their　30　.But"you don't want them to feel it has to be　31　,"she says.

　　That's not to say parents should　32　homework-first,they should monitor how much homework their kids have.Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in　33　four,five,and six is standard,says Rosemond.For junior-high students it should be"　34　more than a hour and a half," and two for high school students.If your child consistently has more homework than this you may want to check　35　other parents and then talk to the teacher about reducing assignments.

____.

It’s an annual back-to-school routine.One morning you wave good-bye,and that 　21　evening you're burning the mid-night oil in sympathy.In the race to improve educational standards,　22　are throwing the books at kids.　23　elementary school students are complaining of homework fatigue.What's a well-meaning parent to do?

　　As hard as　24　may be,sit back and chill,experts advise.Though you've got to get them to do it,　25　helping too much,or even examining answers too carefully,you may keep them　26　doing it by themselves."I wouldn't advise a parent to check every　27　assignment,"says psychologist John Rosemond,author of Ending the Tough Homework,"There's a　28　of appreciation for trial and error.Let your children　29　the grade they deserve."

　　Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their　30　.But"you don't want them to feel it has to be　31　,"she says.

　　That's not to say parents should　32　homework-first,they should monitor how much homework their kids have.Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in　33　four,five,and six is standard,says Rosemond.For junior-high students it should be"　34　more than a hour and a half," and two for high school students.If your child consistently has more homework than this you may want to check　35　other parents and then talk to the teacher about reducing assignments.

____.

It’s an annual back-to-school routine.One morning you wave good-bye,and that 　21　evening you're burning the mid-night oil in sympathy.In the race to improve educational standards,　22　are throwing the books at kids.　23　elementary school students are complaining of homework fatigue.What's a well-meaning parent to do?

　　As hard as　24　may be,sit back and chill,experts advise.Though you've got to get them to do it,　25　helping too much,or even examining answers too carefully,you may keep them　26　doing it by themselves."I wouldn't advise a parent to check every　27　assignment,"says psychologist John Rosemond,author of Ending the Tough Homework,"There's a　28　of appreciation for trial and error.Let your children　29　the grade they deserve."

　　Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their　30　.But"you don't want them to feel it has to be　31　,"she says.

　　That's not to say parents should　32　homework-first,they should monitor how much homework their kids have.Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in　33　four,five,and six is standard,says Rosemond.For junior-high students it should be"　34　more than a hour and a half," and two for high school students.If your child consistently has more homework than this you may want to check　35　other parents and then talk to the teacher about reducing assignments.

____.

It’s an annual back-to-school routine.One morning you wave good-bye,and that 　21　evening you're burning the mid-night oil in sympathy.In the race to improve educational standards,　22　are throwing the books at kids.　23　elementary school students are complaining of homework fatigue.What's a well-meaning parent to do?

　　As hard as　24　may be,sit back and chill,experts advise.Though you've got to get them to do it,　25　helping too much,or even examining answers too carefully,you may keep them　26　doing it by themselves."I wouldn't advise a parent to check every　27　assignment,"says psychologist John Rosemond,author of Ending the Tough Homework,"There's a　28　of appreciation for trial and error.Let your children　29　the grade they deserve."

　　Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their　30　.But"you don't want them to feel it has to be　31　,"she says.

　　That's not to say parents should　32　homework-first,they should monitor how much homework their kids have.Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in　33　four,five,and six is standard,says Rosemond.For junior-high students it should be"　34　more than a hour and a half," and two for high school students.If your child consistently has more homework than this you may want to check　35　other parents and then talk to the teacher about reducing assignments.

____.

It’s an annual back-to-school routine.One morning you wave good-bye,and that 　21　evening you're burning the mid-night oil in sympathy.In the race to improve educational standards,　22　are throwing the books at kids.　23　elementary school students are complaining of homework fatigue.What's a well-meaning parent to do?

　　As hard as　24　may be,sit back and chill,experts advise.Though you've got to get them to do it,　25　helping too much,or even examining answers too carefully,you may keep them　26　doing it by themselves."I wouldn't advise a parent to check every　27　assignment,"says psychologist John Rosemond,author of Ending the Tough Homework,"There's a　28　of appreciation for trial and error.Let your children　29　the grade they deserve."

　　Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their　30　.But"you don't want them to feel it has to be　31　,"she says.

　　That's not to say parents should　32　homework-first,they should monitor how much homework their kids have.Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in　33　four,five,and six is standard,says Rosemond.For junior-high students it should be"　34　more than a hour and a half," and two for high school students.If your child consistently has more homework than this you may want to check　35　other parents and then talk to the teacher about reducing assignments.

____.

It’s an annual back-to-school routine.One morning you wave good-bye,and that 　21　evening you're burning the mid-night oil in sympathy.In the race to improve educational standards,　22　are throwing the books at kids.　23　elementary school students are complaining of homework fatigue.What's a well-meaning parent to do?

　　As hard as　24　may be,sit back and chill,experts advise.Though you've got to get them to do it,　25　helping too much,or even examining answers too carefully,you may keep them　26　doing it by themselves."I wouldn't advise a parent to check every　27　assignment,"says psychologist John Rosemond,author of Ending the Tough Homework,"There's a　28　of appreciation for trial and error.Let your children　29　the grade they deserve."

　　Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their　30　.But"you don't want them to feel it has to be　31　,"she says.

　　That's not to say parents should　32　homework-first,they should monitor how much homework their kids have.Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in　33　four,five,and six is standard,says Rosemond.For junior-high students it should be"　34　more than a hour and a half," and two for high school students.If your child consistently has more homework than this you may want to check　35　other parents and then talk to the teacher about reducing assignments.

____.

It’s an annual back-to-school routine.One morning you wave good-bye,and that 　21　evening you're burning the mid-night oil in sympathy.In the race to improve educational standards,　22　are throwing the books at kids.　23　elementary school students are complaining of homework fatigue.What's a well-meaning parent to do?

　　As hard as　24　may be,sit back and chill,experts advise.Though you've got to get them to do it,　25　helping too much,or even examining answers too carefully,you may keep them　26　doing it by themselves."I wouldn't advise a parent to check every　27　assignment,"says psychologist John Rosemond,author of Ending the Tough Homework,"There's a　28　of appreciation for trial and error.Let your children　29　the grade they deserve."

　　Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their　30　.But"you don't want them to feel it has to be　31　,"she says.

　　That's not to say parents should　32　homework-first,they should monitor how much homework their kids have.Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in　33　four,five,and six is standard,says Rosemond.For junior-high students it should be"　34　more than a hour and a half," and two for high school students.If your child consistently has more homework than this you may want to check　35　other parents and then talk to the teacher about reducing assignments.

____.

As you are students of English,it's very possible that you'll be interested in England.

　　That's where the language was first spoken.But England is often called by other names.

　　This often confuses people and I wonder if you know what these names mean.So,now I would like to tell you about this matter of names.l believe that you have heard people use the names-England,Britain or Great Britain.Let's see what each of these names means.

　　If you look at a map of Europe,you'll see a group of islands-one larger island off the northwest coast,one smaller and many tiny ones.These make up what is called the British Isles（不列颠群岛）.The largest island of the British Isles is Britain.lt is also called Great Britain.The smaller island is Ireland（爱尔兰）.

　　Britain is divided into three parts:Scotland,Wales and England.But sometimes the word"England"is used instead of"Britain"Why so?

　　In ancient times,what is Britain now used to be three different countries.People in these different countries spoke different language.Over many years the three countries became one.England is the largest and richest of the three and it has the most people.So the English people take it for granted that their own name stands for the whole island.

　　There's another thing that confuses people:sometimes you may hear people say"the Untied Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".That is official name of the country.Northern Ireland is only one sixth of the island of Ireland.The rest of the island is an independent state,called the Republic of Ireland.So we have the names of"England","Britain","Great Britain",and"the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".Now do you know what each of them means?

English was first spoken in____.（　　）

As you are students of English,it's very possible that you'll be interested in England.

　　That's where the language was first spoken.But England is often called by other names.

　　This often confuses people and I wonder if you know what these names mean.So,now I would like to tell you about this matter of names.l believe that you have heard people use the names-England,Britain or Great Britain.Let's see what each of these names means.

　　If you look at a map of Europe,you'll see a group of islands-one larger island off the northwest coast,one smaller and many tiny ones.These make up what is called the British Isles（不列颠群岛）.The largest island of the British Isles is Britain.lt is also called Great Britain.The smaller island is Ireland（爱尔兰）.

　　Britain is divided into three parts:Scotland,Wales and England.But sometimes the word"England"is used instead of"Britain"Why so?

　　In ancient times,what is Britain now used to be three different countries.People in these different countries spoke different language.Over many years the three countries became one.England is the largest and richest of the three and it has the most people.So the English people take it for granted that their own name stands for the whole island.

　　There's another thing that confuses people:sometimes you may hear people say"the Untied Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".That is official name of the country.Northern Ireland is only one sixth of the island of Ireland.The rest of the island is an independent state,called the Republic of Ireland.So we have the names of"England","Britain","Great Britain",and"the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".Now do you know what each of them means?

According to the passage,which of the following statements is true?（　　）

As you are students of English,it's very possible that you'll be interested in England.

　　That's where the language was first spoken.But England is often called by other names.

　　This often confuses people and I wonder if you know what these names mean.So,now I would like to tell you about this matter of names.l believe that you have heard people use the names-England,Britain or Great Britain.Let's see what each of these names means.

　　If you look at a map of Europe,you'll see a group of islands-one larger island off the northwest coast,one smaller and many tiny ones.These make up what is called the British Isles（不列颠群岛）.The largest island of the British Isles is Britain.lt is also called Great Britain.The smaller island is Ireland（爱尔兰）.

　　Britain is divided into three parts:Scotland,Wales and England.But sometimes the word"England"is used instead of"Britain"Why so?

　　In ancient times,what is Britain now used to be three different countries.People in these different countries spoke different language.Over many years the three countries became one.England is the largest and richest of the three and it has the most people.So the English people take it for granted that their own name stands for the whole island.

　　There's another thing that confuses people:sometimes you may hear people say"the Untied Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".That is official name of the country.Northern Ireland is only one sixth of the island of Ireland.The rest of the island is an independent state,called the Republic of Ireland.So we have the names of"England","Britain","Great Britain",and"the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".Now do you know what each of them means?

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is____.（　　）

As you are students of English,it's very possible that you'll be interested in England.

　　That's where the language was first spoken.But England is often called by other names.

　　This often confuses people and I wonder if you know what these names mean.So,now I would like to tell you about this matter of names.l believe that you have heard people use the names-England,Britain or Great Britain.Let's see what each of these names means.

　　If you look at a map of Europe,you'll see a group of islands-one larger island off the northwest coast,one smaller and many tiny ones.These make up what is called the British Isles（不列颠群岛）.The largest island of the British Isles is Britain.lt is also called Great Britain.The smaller island is Ireland（爱尔兰）.

　　Britain is divided into three parts:Scotland,Wales and England.But sometimes the word"England"is used instead of"Britain"Why so?

　　In ancient times,what is Britain now used to be three different countries.People in these different countries spoke different language.Over many years the three countries became one.England is the largest and richest of the three and it has the most people.So the English people take it for granted that their own name stands for the whole island.

　　There's another thing that confuses people:sometimes you may hear people say"the Untied Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".That is official name of the country.Northern Ireland is only one sixth of the island of Ireland.The rest of the island is an independent state,called the Republic of Ireland.So we have the names of"England","Britain","Great Britain",and"the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".Now do you know what each of them means?

Which of the following is an independent country?（　　）

Australia is nearly as large as the United States,but most of it is too dry for people to live in.Around this dry part are large sheep and cow farms.A few of them are as large as the smallest states in America.Often the nearest neighbours are several hundred kilometers away.

　　The two-way radio is very important to people who live on these great Australian farms.It works much like a telephone.A person can listen to someone else talk and then give an answer.For example,people on the large farms could talk to a doctor far away.They could tell the doctor about someone who was ill,and the doctor could let them know how to look after the sick person.

　　As the large farms were so far from towns,the children could not go to school.Radio schools were started for them in some places.At a certain time each day,boys and girls turned on their radios and listened to teachers in cities far away.

　　Families on the large farms wanted to give news to their neighbours.The programme"Round Robin" talks by radio was started to keep families in touch with each other.They could talk about who was going away and who was ill.The men could talk about their sheep and cows and how much money the markets would pay for them.In many ways the radio became a newspaper for the farm people of Australia．

In the passage"the two-way radio"is____.（　　）

Australia is nearly as large as the United States,but most of it is too dry for people to live in.Around this dry part are large sheep and cow farms.A few of them are as large as the smallest states in America.Often the nearest neighbours are several hundred kilometers away.

　　The two-way radio is very important to people who live on these great Australian farms.It works much like a telephone.A person can listen to someone else talk and then give an answer.For example,people on the large farms could talk to a doctor far away.They could tell the doctor about someone who was ill,and the doctor could let them know how to look after the sick person.

　　As the large farms were so far from towns,the children could not go to school.Radio schools were started for them in some places.At a certain time each day,boys and girls turned on their radios and listened to teachers in cities far away.

　　Families on the large farms wanted to give news to their neighbours.The programme"Round Robin" talks by radio was started to keep families in touch with each other.They could talk about who was going away and who was ill.The men could talk about their sheep and cows and how much money the markets would pay for them.In many ways the radio became a newspaper for the farm people of Australia．

The word"sick"in the second paragraph means _______.（　　）

Australia is nearly as large as the United States,but most of it is too dry for people to live in.Around this dry part are large sheep and cow farms.A few of them are as large as the smallest states in America.Often the nearest neighbours are several hundred kilometers away.

　　The two-way radio is very important to people who live on these great Australian farms.It works much like a telephone.A person can listen to someone else talk and then give an answer.For example,people on the large farms could talk to a doctor far away.They could tell the doctor about someone who was ill,and the doctor could let them know how to look after the sick person.

　　As the large farms were so far from towns,the children could not go to school.Radio schools were started for them in some places.At a certain time each day,boys and girls turned on their radios and listened to teachers in cities far away.

　　Families on the large farms wanted to give news to their neighbours.The programme"Round Robin" talks by radio was started to keep families in touch with each other.They could talk about who was going away and who was ill.The men could talk about their sheep and cows and how much money the markets would pay for them.In many ways the radio became a newspaper for the farm people of Australia．

The children on the large farms far away _______.（　　）

Australia is nearly as large as the United States,but most of it is too dry for people to live in.Around this dry part are large sheep and cow farms.A few of them are as large as the smallest states in America.Often the nearest neighbours are several hundred kilometers away.

　　The two-way radio is very important to people who live on these great Australian farms.It works much like a telephone.A person can listen to someone else talk and then give an answer.For example,people on the large farms could talk to a doctor far away.They could tell the doctor about someone who was ill,and the doctor could let them know how to look after the sick person.

　　As the large farms were so far from towns,the children could not go to school.Radio schools were started for them in some places.At a certain time each day,boys and girls turned on their radios and listened to teachers in cities far away.

　　Families on the large farms wanted to give news to their neighbours.The programme"Round Robin" talks by radio was started to keep families in touch with each other.They could talk about who was going away and who was ill.The men could talk about their sheep and cows and how much money the markets would pay for them.In many ways the radio became a newspaper for the farm people of Australia．

Which of the following is NOT true in the passage?（　　）

Eating in space is different from eating on earth.The food that astronauts carry with them does not look like the food you eat.Some food is carried in closed bags.It is cooked and frozen before the astronauts get it.All the water is removed from the food.In the spaceship the astronaut puts the water back.He"shoots"hot or cold water into the food bag with a special gun.He eats the food through a small hole in the bag.

　　Other foods come in bite sizes.The astronaut puts a whole piece in his mouth at once.There can be no crumbs.Crumbs would float around the spaceship and get in the way.Meat and cake often come in bite-sized pieces.Astronauts can't drink water from open cups.The water would float in drops in the air.The water is put in the special gun.The astronaut shoots the water into his mouth.Eating in space is not easy.Astronauts must learn to eat this way.

The story does not say this,but from what we have read,we can tell that____.（　　）

Eating in space is different from eating on earth.The food that astronauts carry with them does not look like the food you eat.Some food is carried in closed bags.It is cooked and frozen before the astronauts get it.All the water is removed from the food.In the spaceship the astronaut puts the water back.He"shoots"hot or cold water into the food bag with a special gun.He eats the food through a small hole in the bag.

　　Other foods come in bite sizes.The astronaut puts a whole piece in his mouth at once.There can be no crumbs.Crumbs would float around the spaceship and get in the way.Meat and cake often come in bite-sized pieces.Astronauts can't drink water from open cups.The water would float in drops in the air.The water is put in the special gun.The astronaut shoots the water into his mouth.Eating in space is not easy.Astronauts must learn to eat this way.

Why can't astronauts drink water from cups?（　　）

Eating in space is different from eating on earth.The food that astronauts carry with them does not look like the food you eat.Some food is carried in closed bags.It is cooked and frozen before the astronauts get it.All the water is removed from the food.In the spaceship the astronaut puts the water back.He"shoots"hot or cold water into the food bag with a special gun.He eats the food through a small hole in the bag.

　　Other foods come in bite sizes.The astronaut puts a whole piece in his mouth at once.There can be no crumbs.Crumbs would float around the spaceship and get in the way.Meat and cake often come in bite-sized pieces.Astronauts can't drink water from open cups.The water would float in drops in the air.The water is put in the special gun.The astronaut shoots the water into his mouth.Eating in space is not easy.Astronauts must learn to eat this way.

What does all this story say?（　　）

Eating in space is different from eating on earth.The food that astronauts carry with them does not look like the food you eat.Some food is carried in closed bags.It is cooked and frozen before the astronauts get it.All the water is removed from the food.In the spaceship the astronaut puts the water back.He"shoots"hot or cold water into the food bag with a special gun.He eats the food through a small hole in the bag.

　　Other foods come in bite sizes.The astronaut puts a whole piece in his mouth at once.There can be no crumbs.Crumbs would float around the spaceship and get in the way.Meat and cake often come in bite-sized pieces.Astronauts can't drink water from open cups.The water would float in drops in the air.The water is put in the special gun.The astronaut shoots the water into his mouth.Eating in space is not easy.Astronauts must learn to eat this way.

What can we infer from the passage?（　　）

Women earn less than men do.For example,in1998 the hourly wages of women in the U.S. were 26% less than those of men.The gap between male and female incomes varies with age.The gap between the labor incomes of young women and young men varies.It's also clear that jobs in which women are concentrated pay less.The larger the number of workers who are women in an industry,the lower the average wages.

　　Why do women earn less than men do? Can the differences be explained by the fact that women are looked down upon?If so,the government has to intervene（干预）,to force the employers to pay equal wages to equal jobs.However,there is no agreement among economists about the causes of the gap.One view argues that women on the average,have chosen Iow-paying jobs in which workers enjoy the freedom of entering and leaving the labor force,which reduces their years of experience relative to men.Other people say the gap can also be explained by the difference in educational background.

　　Much of the gap,however,has not been fully explained.It might be the result of some prejudice（偏见）against women.It is this part that has produced calls for government action.What would happen if the government did intervene to increase the wages paid to women? One possibility is that incomes for women as a group might actually decline（下降）.An increase in wage decreases the quantity of labor imput demanded,resulting in decreased employment as the rate of hiring new workers declines.The result will be a surplus（过剩）of labor.Those who can find jobs might be better off while those who had jobs might find themselves out of work.

Some economists believe women earn less than men partly because____.（　　）

Women earn less than men do.For example,in1998 the hourly wages of women in the U.S. were 26% less than those of men.The gap between male and female incomes varies with age.The gap between the labor incomes of young women and young men varies.It's also clear that jobs in which women are concentrated pay less.The larger the number of workers who are women in an industry,the lower the average wages.

　　Why do women earn less than men do? Can the differences be explained by the fact that women are looked down upon?If so,the government has to intervene（干预）,to force the employers to pay equal wages to equal jobs.However,there is no agreement among economists about the causes of the gap.One view argues that women on the average,have chosen Iow-paying jobs in which workers enjoy the freedom of entering and leaving the labor force,which reduces their years of experience relative to men.Other people say the gap can also be explained by the difference in educational background.

　　Much of the gap,however,has not been fully explained.It might be the result of some prejudice（偏见）against women.It is this part that has produced calls for government action.What would happen if the government did intervene to increase the wages paid to women? One possibility is that incomes for women as a group might actually decline（下降）.An increase in wage decreases the quantity of labor imput demanded,resulting in decreased employment as the rate of hiring new workers declines.The result will be a surplus（过剩）of labor.Those who can find jobs might be better off while those who had jobs might find themselves out of work.

Which of the following CANNOT be inferred from the second paragraph?（　　）

Women earn less than men do.For example,in1998 the hourly wages of women in the U.S. were 26% less than those of men.The gap between male and female incomes varies with age.The gap between the labor incomes of young women and young men varies.It's also clear that jobs in which women are concentrated pay less.The larger the number of workers who are women in an industry,the lower the average wages.

　　Why do women earn less than men do? Can the differences be explained by the fact that women are looked down upon?If so,the government has to intervene（干预）,to force the employers to pay equal wages to equal jobs.However,there is no agreement among economists about the causes of the gap.One view argues that women on the average,have chosen Iow-paying jobs in which workers enjoy the freedom of entering and leaving the labor force,which reduces their years of experience relative to men.Other people say the gap can also be explained by the difference in educational background.

　　Much of the gap,however,has not been fully explained.It might be the result of some prejudice（偏见）against women.It is this part that has produced calls for government action.What would happen if the government did intervene to increase the wages paid to women? One possibility is that incomes for women as a group might actually decline（下降）.An increase in wage decreases the quantity of labor imput demanded,resulting in decreased employment as the rate of hiring new workers declines.The result will be a surplus（过剩）of labor.Those who can find jobs might be better off while those who had jobs might find themselves out of work.

What does the author suggest that the government should do for women workers?（　　）

Women earn less than men do.For example,in1998 the hourly wages of women in the U.S. were 26% less than those of men.The gap between male and female incomes varies with age.The gap between the labor incomes of young women and young men varies.It's also clear that jobs in which women are concentrated pay less.The larger the number of workers who are women in an industry,the lower the average wages.

　　Why do women earn less than men do? Can the differences be explained by the fact that women are looked down upon?If so,the government has to intervene（干预）,to force the employers to pay equal wages to equal jobs.However,there is no agreement among economists about the causes of the gap.One view argues that women on the average,have chosen Iow-paying jobs in which workers enjoy the freedom of entering and leaving the labor force,which reduces their years of experience relative to men.Other people say the gap can also be explained by the difference in educational background.

　　Much of the gap,however,has not been fully explained.It might be the result of some prejudice（偏见）against women.It is this part that has produced calls for government action.What would happen if the government did intervene to increase the wages paid to women? One possibility is that incomes for women as a group might actually decline（下降）.An increase in wage decreases the quantity of labor imput demanded,resulting in decreased employment as the rate of hiring new workers declines.The result will be a surplus（过剩）of labor.Those who can find jobs might be better off while those who had jobs might find themselves out of work.

What would happen if women’s wages were raised?（　　）

Mrs.Peters stopped playing the piano when she began to work.She had lived in a very small flat,and there had been no room for a piano.But when she married,she had a new flat which was big enough for one.So she decided to get one and her husband agreed and helped her.She saved some money,and her parents gave her a generous amount of money for her birthday.Then she went to a shop and said,"l'll choose whichever piano does not cost too much and fits into my living room."

　　When she had paid for the piano,the shop assistant asked her if she would like him to get it tuned（调音）every few months.Mrs.Peters agreed.

　　A few months later she heard from the shop that a man was coming to tune the piano at ten that morning.Now she had not cleaned the house yet,so it was dusty and untidy.Mrs.Peters hated having even the least amount of dirt,and felt ashamed whenever strange people saw her house like that.So she had to hurry to clean everything carefully.It meant a lot of effort,and it made her hot and tired,but anyhow,by the time the man arrived,everything was finished.

　　She opened the door,and the man was standing with his big dog."Good morning,"the man said politely,"Will it disturb you if I bring my dog in,please? I' m blind,and he leads me wherever I go."

Mrs.Peters was soon able to buy a piano because____.（　　）

Mrs.Peters stopped playing the piano when she began to work.She had lived in a very small flat,and there had been no room for a piano.But when she married,she had a new flat which was big enough for one.So she decided to get one and her husband agreed and helped her.She saved some money,and her parents gave her a generous amount of money for her birthday.Then she went to a shop and said,"l'll choose whichever piano does not cost too much and fits into my living room."

　　When she had paid for the piano,the shop assistant asked her if she would like him to get it tuned（调音）every few months.Mrs.Peters agreed.

　　A few months later she heard from the shop that a man was coming to tune the piano at ten that morning.Now she had not cleaned the house yet,so it was dusty and untidy.Mrs.Peters hated having even the least amount of dirt,and felt ashamed whenever strange people saw her house like that.So she had to hurry to clean everything carefully.It meant a lot of effort,and it made her hot and tired,but anyhow,by the time the man arrived,everything was finished.

　　She opened the door,and the man was standing with his big dog."Good morning,"the man said politely,"Will it disturb you if I bring my dog in,please? I' m blind,and he leads me wherever I go."

One morning,____.（　　）

Mrs.Peters stopped playing the piano when she began to work.She had lived in a very small flat,and there had been no room for a piano.But when she married,she had a new flat which was big enough for one.So she decided to get one and her husband agreed and helped her.She saved some money,and her parents gave her a generous amount of money for her birthday.Then she went to a shop and said,"l'll choose whichever piano does not cost too much and fits into my living room."

　　When she had paid for the piano,the shop assistant asked her if she would like him to get it tuned（调音）every few months.Mrs.Peters agreed.

　　A few months later she heard from the shop that a man was coming to tune the piano at ten that morning.Now she had not cleaned the house yet,so it was dusty and untidy.Mrs.Peters hated having even the least amount of dirt,and felt ashamed whenever strange people saw her house like that.So she had to hurry to clean everything carefully.It meant a lot of effort,and it made her hot and tired,but anyhow,by the time the man arrived,everything was finished.

　　She opened the door,and the man was standing with his big dog."Good morning,"the man said politely,"Will it disturb you if I bring my dog in,please? I' m blind,and he leads me wherever I go."

"It meant a lot of effort,and it made her hot and tired".Here"it" refers to____.（　　）

Mrs.Peters stopped playing the piano when she began to work.She had lived in a very small flat,and there had been no room for a piano.But when she married,she had a new flat which was big enough for one.So she decided to get one and her husband agreed and helped her.She saved some money,and her parents gave her a generous amount of money for her birthday.Then she went to a shop and said,"l'll choose whichever piano does not cost too much and fits into my living room."

　　When she had paid for the piano,the shop assistant asked her if she would like him to get it tuned（调音）every few months.Mrs.Peters agreed.

　　A few months later she heard from the shop that a man was coming to tune the piano at ten that morning.Now she had not cleaned the house yet,so it was dusty and untidy.Mrs.Peters hated having even the least amount of dirt,and felt ashamed whenever strange people saw her house like that.So she had to hurry to clean everything carefully.It meant a lot of effort,and it made her hot and tired,but anyhow,by the time the man arrived,everything was finished.

　　She opened the door,and the man was standing with his big dog."Good morning,"the man said politely,"Will it disturb you if I bring my dog in,please? I' m blind,and he leads me wherever I go."

Mrs.Peters had wasted her time getting everything clean as____.（　　）

The square in front of the supermarket is so limited that when going there, first of all, you should consider ____ your car.（　　）

I asked my teacher ____.（　　）

I'd like to ____ him to you for the job． He is a very clever and industrious boy.（　　）

We've ____ sugar． Ask him to lend us some.（　　）

I am very ____ to you for your help.（　　）

The experiment ____ the discovery of a cure for cancer.（　　）

It was Thomas Alva Edison who ____ the electric lamp.（　　）

Sports, ____ perhaps you don't like very much, may make you strong.（　　）

Tom looks so pale today． He ____ ill.（　　）

I liked to play football when I was young. ____（　　）

Smoking is not ____ in many places nowadays.（　　）

The world's population is becoming ____.（　　）

Here's a man who just breaks into a bank and helps himself ____ so much money.（　　）

Instead of ____ sights, Edison would spend the time ____ in the public library.（　　）

--He does not like music, does he?

--____.（　　）

It was wonderful up there. Ralph wanted to reach out and 　21　 a star, for they 　22　 so close. He could see the earth getting smaller and smaller.

　　The ship circled around a made star called Mars(火星), and his space friends 　23　 Ralph understand that this was their home.

　　He wanted to ask all kinds of 　24　, but no one could answer him. There was nothing to eat or drink. There people had only 　25　 colours pills which they can eat 　26　 they were hungry.

　　Soon it became 　27　 harder for Ralph to breathe than he felt at first. He felt 　28　 light that he could not even stand 　29　 his own feet．〝If I could only have some water, 〝he 　30　,"and a ride back down to the earth!"

　　The spacemen knew that it was 　31　 for Ralph to leave. He could not live up there 　32　 longer without special air or suit like theirs． So they took him to a part of the ship where there was 　33　 enough for just one man. A door closed over his head and 　34　 a minute Ralph was flying down to the earth in his own rocket ship.

　　Suddenly he felt the rocket 　35　 down and then stopped. He was back on the earth.

____.

It was wonderful up there. Ralph wanted to reach out and 　21　 a star, for they 　22　 so close. He could see the earth getting smaller and smaller.

　　The ship circled around a made star called Mars(火星), and his space friends 　23　 Ralph understand that this was their home.

　　He wanted to ask all kinds of 　24　, but no one could answer him. There was nothing to eat or drink. There people had only 　25　 colours pills which they can eat 　26　 they were hungry.

　　Soon it became 　27　 harder for Ralph to breathe than he felt at first. He felt 　28　 light that he could not even stand 　29　 his own feet．〝If I could only have some water, 〝he 　30　,"and a ride back down to the earth!"

　　The spacemen knew that it was 　31　 for Ralph to leave. He could not live up there 　32　 longer without special air or suit like theirs． So they took him to a part of the ship where there was 　33　 enough for just one man. A door closed over his head and 　34　 a minute Ralph was flying down to the earth in his own rocket ship.

　　Suddenly he felt the rocket 　35　 down and then stopped. He was back on the earth.

____.

It was wonderful up there. Ralph wanted to reach out and 　21　 a star, for they 　22　 so close. He could see the earth getting smaller and smaller.

　　The ship circled around a made star called Mars(火星), and his space friends 　23　 Ralph understand that this was their home.

　　He wanted to ask all kinds of 　24　, but no one could answer him. There was nothing to eat or drink. There people had only 　25　 colours pills which they can eat 　26　 they were hungry.

　　Soon it became 　27　 harder for Ralph to breathe than he felt at first. He felt 　28　 light that he could not even stand 　29　 his own feet．〝If I could only have some water, 〝he 　30　,"and a ride back down to the earth!"

　　The spacemen knew that it was 　31　 for Ralph to leave. He could not live up there 　32　 longer without special air or suit like theirs． So they took him to a part of the ship where there was 　33　 enough for just one man. A door closed over his head and 　34　 a minute Ralph was flying down to the earth in his own rocket ship.

　　Suddenly he felt the rocket 　35　 down and then stopped. He was back on the earth.

____.

It was wonderful up there. Ralph wanted to reach out and 　21　 a star, for they 　22　 so close. He could see the earth getting smaller and smaller.

　　The ship circled around a made star called Mars(火星), and his space friends 　23　 Ralph understand that this was their home.

　　He wanted to ask all kinds of 　24　, but no one could answer him. There was nothing to eat or drink. There people had only 　25　 colours pills which they can eat 　26　 they were hungry.

　　Soon it became 　27　 harder for Ralph to breathe than he felt at first. He felt 　28　 light that he could not even stand 　29　 his own feet．〝If I could only have some water, 〝he 　30　,"and a ride back down to the earth!"

　　The spacemen knew that it was 　31　 for Ralph to leave. He could not live up there 　32　 longer without special air or suit like theirs． So they took him to a part of the ship where there was 　33　 enough for just one man. A door closed over his head and 　34　 a minute Ralph was flying down to the earth in his own rocket ship.

　　Suddenly he felt the rocket 　35　 down and then stopped. He was back on the earth.

____.

It was wonderful up there. Ralph wanted to reach out and 　21　 a star, for they 　22　 so close. He could see the earth getting smaller and smaller.

　　The ship circled around a made star called Mars(火星), and his space friends 　23　 Ralph understand that this was their home.

　　He wanted to ask all kinds of 　24　, but no one could answer him. There was nothing to eat or drink. There people had only 　25　 colours pills which they can eat 　26　 they were hungry.

　　Soon it became 　27　 harder for Ralph to breathe than he felt at first. He felt 　28　 light that he could not even stand 　29　 his own feet．〝If I could only have some water, 〝he 　30　,"and a ride back down to the earth!"

　　The spacemen knew that it was 　31　 for Ralph to leave. He could not live up there 　32　 longer without special air or suit like theirs． So they took him to a part of the ship where there was 　33　 enough for just one man. A door closed over his head and 　34　 a minute Ralph was flying down to the earth in his own rocket ship.

　　Suddenly he felt the rocket 　35　 down and then stopped. He was back on the earth.

____.

It was wonderful up there. Ralph wanted to reach out and 　21　 a star, for they 　22　 so close. He could see the earth getting smaller and smaller.

　　The ship circled around a made star called Mars(火星), and his space friends 　23　 Ralph understand that this was their home.

　　He wanted to ask all kinds of 　24　, but no one could answer him. There was nothing to eat or drink. There people had only 　25　 colours pills which they can eat 　26　 they were hungry.

　　Soon it became 　27　 harder for Ralph to breathe than he felt at first. He felt 　28　 light that he could not even stand 　29　 his own feet．〝If I could only have some water, 〝he 　30　,"and a ride back down to the earth!"

　　The spacemen knew that it was 　31　 for Ralph to leave. He could not live up there 　32　 longer without special air or suit like theirs． So they took him to a part of the ship where there was 　33　 enough for just one man. A door closed over his head and 　34　 a minute Ralph was flying down to the earth in his own rocket ship.

　　Suddenly he felt the rocket 　35　 down and then stopped. He was back on the earth.

____.

It was wonderful up there. Ralph wanted to reach out and 　21　 a star, for they 　22　 so close. He could see the earth getting smaller and smaller.

　　The ship circled around a made star called Mars(火星), and his space friends 　23　 Ralph understand that this was their home.

　　He wanted to ask all kinds of 　24　, but no one could answer him. There was nothing to eat or drink. There people had only 　25　 colours pills which they can eat 　26　 they were hungry.

　　Soon it became 　27　 harder for Ralph to breathe than he felt at first. He felt 　28　 light that he could not even stand 　29　 his own feet．〝If I could only have some water, 〝he 　30　,"and a ride back down to the earth!"

　　The spacemen knew that it was 　31　 for Ralph to leave. He could not live up there 　32　 longer without special air or suit like theirs． So they took him to a part of the ship where there was 　33　 enough for just one man. A door closed over his head and 　34　 a minute Ralph was flying down to the earth in his own rocket ship.

　　Suddenly he felt the rocket 　35　 down and then stopped. He was back on the earth.

____.

It was wonderful up there. Ralph wanted to reach out and 　21　 a star, for they 　22　 so close. He could see the earth getting smaller and smaller.

　　The ship circled around a made star called Mars(火星), and his space friends 　23　 Ralph understand that this was their home.

　　He wanted to ask all kinds of 　24　, but no one could answer him. There was nothing to eat or drink. There people had only 　25　 colours pills which they can eat 　26　 they were hungry.

　　Soon it became 　27　 harder for Ralph to breathe than he felt at first. He felt 　28　 light that he could not even stand 　29　 his own feet．〝If I could only have some water, 〝he 　30　,"and a ride back down to the earth!"

　　The spacemen knew that it was 　31　 for Ralph to leave. He could not live up there 　32　 longer without special air or suit like theirs． So they took him to a part of the ship where there was 　33　 enough for just one man. A door closed over his head and 　34　 a minute Ralph was flying down to the earth in his own rocket ship.

　　Suddenly he felt the rocket 　35　 down and then stopped. He was back on the earth.

____.

It was wonderful up there. Ralph wanted to reach out and 　21　 a star, for they 　22　 so close. He could see the earth getting smaller and smaller.

　　The ship circled around a made star called Mars(火星), and his space friends 　23　 Ralph understand that this was their home.

　　He wanted to ask all kinds of 　24　, but no one could answer him. There was nothing to eat or drink. There people had only 　25　 colours pills which they can eat 　26　 they were hungry.

　　Soon it became 　27　 harder for Ralph to breathe than he felt at first. He felt 　28　 light that he could not even stand 　29　 his own feet．〝If I could only have some water, 〝he 　30　,"and a ride back down to the earth!"

　　The spacemen knew that it was 　31　 for Ralph to leave. He could not live up there 　32　 longer without special air or suit like theirs． So they took him to a part of the ship where there was 　33　 enough for just one man. A door closed over his head and 　34　 a minute Ralph was flying down to the earth in his own rocket ship.

　　Suddenly he felt the rocket 　35　 down and then stopped. He was back on the earth.

____.

It was wonderful up there. Ralph wanted to reach out and 　21　 a star, for they 　22　 so close. He could see the earth getting smaller and smaller.

　　The ship circled around a made star called Mars(火星), and his space friends 　23　 Ralph understand that this was their home.

　　He wanted to ask all kinds of 　24　, but no one could answer him. There was nothing to eat or drink. There people had only 　25　 colours pills which they can eat 　26　 they were hungry.

　　Soon it became 　27　 harder for Ralph to breathe than he felt at first. He felt 　28　 light that he could not even stand 　29　 his own feet．〝If I could only have some water, 〝he 　30　,"and a ride back down to the earth!"

　　The spacemen knew that it was 　31　 for Ralph to leave. He could not live up there 　32　 longer without special air or suit like theirs． So they took him to a part of the ship where there was 　33　 enough for just one man. A door closed over his head and 　34　 a minute Ralph was flying down to the earth in his own rocket ship.

　　Suddenly he felt the rocket 　35　 down and then stopped. He was back on the earth.

____.

It was wonderful up there. Ralph wanted to reach out and 　21　 a star, for they 　22　 so close. He could see the earth getting smaller and smaller.

　　The ship circled around a made star called Mars(火星), and his space friends 　23　 Ralph understand that this was their home.

　　He wanted to ask all kinds of 　24　, but no one could answer him. There was nothing to eat or drink. There people had only 　25　 colours pills which they can eat 　26　 they were hungry.

　　Soon it became 　27　 harder for Ralph to breathe than he felt at first. He felt 　28　 light that he could not even stand 　29　 his own feet．〝If I could only have some water, 〝he 　30　,"and a ride back down to the earth!"

　　The spacemen knew that it was 　31　 for Ralph to leave. He could not live up there 　32　 longer without special air or suit like theirs． So they took him to a part of the ship where there was 　33　 enough for just one man. A door closed over his head and 　34　 a minute Ralph was flying down to the earth in his own rocket ship.

　　Suddenly he felt the rocket 　35　 down and then stopped. He was back on the earth.

____.

It was wonderful up there. Ralph wanted to reach out and 　21　 a star, for they 　22　 so close. He could see the earth getting smaller and smaller.

　　The ship circled around a made star called Mars(火星), and his space friends 　23　 Ralph understand that this was their home.

　　He wanted to ask all kinds of 　24　, but no one could answer him. There was nothing to eat or drink. There people had only 　25　 colours pills which they can eat 　26　 they were hungry.

　　Soon it became 　27　 harder for Ralph to breathe than he felt at first. He felt 　28　 light that he could not even stand 　29　 his own feet．〝If I could only have some water, 〝he 　30　,"and a ride back down to the earth!"

　　The spacemen knew that it was 　31　 for Ralph to leave. He could not live up there 　32　 longer without special air or suit like theirs． So they took him to a part of the ship where there was 　33　 enough for just one man. A door closed over his head and 　34　 a minute Ralph was flying down to the earth in his own rocket ship.

　　Suddenly he felt the rocket 　35　 down and then stopped. He was back on the earth.

____.

It was wonderful up there. Ralph wanted to reach out and 　21　 a star, for they 　22　 so close. He could see the earth getting smaller and smaller.

　　The ship circled around a made star called Mars(火星), and his space friends 　23　 Ralph understand that this was their home.

　　He wanted to ask all kinds of 　24　, but no one could answer him. There was nothing to eat or drink. There people had only 　25　 colours pills which they can eat 　26　 they were hungry.

　　Soon it became 　27　 harder for Ralph to breathe than he felt at first. He felt 　28　 light that he could not even stand 　29　 his own feet．〝If I could only have some water, 〝he 　30　,"and a ride back down to the earth!"

　　The spacemen knew that it was 　31　 for Ralph to leave. He could not live up there 　32　 longer without special air or suit like theirs． So they took him to a part of the ship where there was 　33　 enough for just one man. A door closed over his head and 　34　 a minute Ralph was flying down to the earth in his own rocket ship.

　　Suddenly he felt the rocket 　35　 down and then stopped. He was back on the earth.

____.

It was wonderful up there. Ralph wanted to reach out and 　21　 a star, for they 　22　 so close. He could see the earth getting smaller and smaller.

　　The ship circled around a made star called Mars(火星), and his space friends 　23　 Ralph understand that this was their home.

　　He wanted to ask all kinds of 　24　, but no one could answer him. There was nothing to eat or drink. There people had only 　25　 colours pills which they can eat 　26　 they were hungry.

　　Soon it became 　27　 harder for Ralph to breathe than he felt at first. He felt 　28　 light that he could not even stand 　29　 his own feet．〝If I could only have some water, 〝he 　30　,"and a ride back down to the earth!"

　　The spacemen knew that it was 　31　 for Ralph to leave. He could not live up there 　32　 longer without special air or suit like theirs． So they took him to a part of the ship where there was 　33　 enough for just one man. A door closed over his head and 　34　 a minute Ralph was flying down to the earth in his own rocket ship.

　　Suddenly he felt the rocket 　35　 down and then stopped. He was back on the earth.

____.

It was wonderful up there. Ralph wanted to reach out and 　21　 a star, for they 　22　 so close. He could see the earth getting smaller and smaller.

　　The ship circled around a made star called Mars(火星), and his space friends 　23　 Ralph understand that this was their home.

　　He wanted to ask all kinds of 　24　, but no one could answer him. There was nothing to eat or drink. There people had only 　25　 colours pills which they can eat 　26　 they were hungry.

　　Soon it became 　27　 harder for Ralph to breathe than he felt at first. He felt 　28　 light that he could not even stand 　29　 his own feet．〝If I could only have some water, 〝he 　30　,"and a ride back down to the earth!"

　　The spacemen knew that it was 　31　 for Ralph to leave. He could not live up there 　32　 longer without special air or suit like theirs． So they took him to a part of the ship where there was 　33　 enough for just one man. A door closed over his head and 　34　 a minute Ralph was flying down to the earth in his own rocket ship.

　　Suddenly he felt the rocket 　35　 down and then stopped. He was back on the earth.

____.

Can animals be made to work for us? Some scientists think that one day animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs that are now done by human beings.

　　They point out that at a circus, for example, we may see elephants, monkeys, dogs and other animals doing quite skillful things. Perhaps you have seen them on the television or in a film. If you watch closely, you may notice that the trainer always gives the animal a piece of candy or a piece of fruit as a reward. The scientists say that many different animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs if they know they will get a reward for doing them.

　　Of course, as we know, dogs can be used to guard a house, and soldiers in both old and modem times have used geese to give warning by making a lot of noise when a stranger or an enemy comes near. But it may be possible to train animals to work in factories. In Russia, for example, pigeons which are birds with good eyesight, are being used to watch out for faults in small steel balls that are being made in one factory. When the pigeon sees a ball which looks different from others, it touches a steel plate with its beak. This turns on a light to warn people in the factory. At the same time a few seeds are given as a reward. It takes three to five weeks to train a pigeon to do this and one pigeon can inspect 3000 to 4000 balls an hour.

　　Apes have been used in America in helping to make cars, and scientists believe that these large monkeys may be one day gather crops and even drive trains.

What made scientists think animal can be made to work for us one day?（　　）

Can animals be made to work for us? Some scientists think that one day animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs that are now done by human beings.

　　They point out that at a circus, for example, we may see elephants, monkeys, dogs and other animals doing quite skillful things. Perhaps you have seen them on the television or in a film. If you watch closely, you may notice that the trainer always gives the animal a piece of candy or a piece of fruit as a reward. The scientists say that many different animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs if they know they will get a reward for doing them.

　　Of course, as we know, dogs can be used to guard a house, and soldiers in both old and modem times have used geese to give warning by making a lot of noise when a stranger or an enemy comes near. But it may be possible to train animals to work in factories. In Russia, for example, pigeons which are birds with good eyesight, are being used to watch out for faults in small steel balls that are being made in one factory. When the pigeon sees a ball which looks different from others, it touches a steel plate with its beak. This turns on a light to warn people in the factory. At the same time a few seeds are given as a reward. It takes three to five weeks to train a pigeon to do this and one pigeon can inspect 3000 to 4000 balls an hour.

　　Apes have been used in America in helping to make cars, and scientists believe that these large monkeys may be one day gather crops and even drive trains.

The trainer usually gives the animal a piece of candy or fruit ____.（　　）

Can animals be made to work for us? Some scientists think that one day animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs that are now done by human beings.

　　They point out that at a circus, for example, we may see elephants, monkeys, dogs and other animals doing quite skillful things. Perhaps you have seen them on the television or in a film. If you watch closely, you may notice that the trainer always gives the animal a piece of candy or a piece of fruit as a reward. The scientists say that many different animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs if they know they will get a reward for doing them.

　　Of course, as we know, dogs can be used to guard a house, and soldiers in both old and modem times have used geese to give warning by making a lot of noise when a stranger or an enemy comes near. But it may be possible to train animals to work in factories. In Russia, for example, pigeons which are birds with good eyesight, are being used to watch out for faults in small steel balls that are being made in one factory. When the pigeon sees a ball which looks different from others, it touches a steel plate with its beak. This turns on a light to warn people in the factory. At the same time a few seeds are given as a reward. It takes three to five weeks to train a pigeon to do this and one pigeon can inspect 3000 to 4000 balls an hour.

　　Apes have been used in America in helping to make cars, and scientists believe that these large monkeys may be one day gather crops and even drive trains.

Many animals may be trained to do simple jobs if they know ____.（　　）

Can animals be made to work for us? Some scientists think that one day animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs that are now done by human beings.

　　They point out that at a circus, for example, we may see elephants, monkeys, dogs and other animals doing quite skillful things. Perhaps you have seen them on the television or in a film. If you watch closely, you may notice that the trainer always gives the animal a piece of candy or a piece of fruit as a reward. The scientists say that many different animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs if they know they will get a reward for doing them.

　　Of course, as we know, dogs can be used to guard a house, and soldiers in both old and modem times have used geese to give warning by making a lot of noise when a stranger or an enemy comes near. But it may be possible to train animals to work in factories. In Russia, for example, pigeons which are birds with good eyesight, are being used to watch out for faults in small steel balls that are being made in one factory. When the pigeon sees a ball which looks different from others, it touches a steel plate with its beak. This turns on a light to warn people in the factory. At the same time a few seeds are given as a reward. It takes three to five weeks to train a pigeon to do this and one pigeon can inspect 3000 to 4000 balls an hour.

　　Apes have been used in America in helping to make cars, and scientists believe that these large monkeys may be one day gather crops and even drive trains.

Which of the following is not true?（　　）

Hair loss is one of those things we still do not understand. Science has, of course, shown that men are more likely than women to suffer major hair loss. Some kinds of hair loss are temporary(暂时的), an effect of illness. In those cases we can expect the hair to grow back.

　　It all depends on whether the hair root is alive. If it is not, hair loss is permanent and nothing will help.

　　Some daily loss of hair is a normal, healthy sign. Most people lose between 40 to 50 scalp hairs each day.

　　Each of these scalp hairs grows for from two to six years and then rests. About three months later it is pushed out by a new hair growing from the same root.

　　This is not something that should cause great concern.

　　Something else we know is that normal hair loss is seasonal, with the most hair loss occurring in the fall. Everyone experiences a normal cycle of loss and growth.

　　The problem of hair loss results when loss is greater than growth.

　　The main cause of hair loss in men seems to be accumulation(积累)of a hormone(荷尔蒙)in the body. When that hormone reaches a certain level, the hair growing period is shortened and hair loss is the result. This is no cure for most cases of hair loss. This, however, is not the end of the world.

According to science, ____.（　　）

Hair loss is one of those things we still do not understand. Science has, of course, shown that men are more likely than women to suffer major hair loss. Some kinds of hair loss are temporary(暂时的), an effect of illness. In those cases we can expect the hair to grow back.

　　It all depends on whether the hair root is alive. If it is not, hair loss is permanent and nothing will help.

　　Some daily loss of hair is a normal, healthy sign. Most people lose between 40 to 50 scalp hairs each day.

　　Each of these scalp hairs grows for from two to six years and then rests. About three months later it is pushed out by a new hair growing from the same root.

　　This is not something that should cause great concern.

　　Something else we know is that normal hair loss is seasonal, with the most hair loss occurring in the fall. Everyone experiences a normal cycle of loss and growth.

　　The problem of hair loss results when loss is greater than growth.

　　The main cause of hair loss in men seems to be accumulation(积累)of a hormone(荷尔蒙)in the body. When that hormone reaches a certain level, the hair growing period is shortened and hair loss is the result. This is no cure for most cases of hair loss. This, however, is not the end of the world.

The writer thinks ____.（　　）

Hair loss is one of those things we still do not understand. Science has, of course, shown that men are more likely than women to suffer major hair loss. Some kinds of hair loss are temporary(暂时的), an effect of illness. In those cases we can expect the hair to grow back.

　　It all depends on whether the hair root is alive. If it is not, hair loss is permanent and nothing will help.

　　Some daily loss of hair is a normal, healthy sign. Most people lose between 40 to 50 scalp hairs each day.

　　Each of these scalp hairs grows for from two to six years and then rests. About three months later it is pushed out by a new hair growing from the same root.

　　This is not something that should cause great concern.

　　Something else we know is that normal hair loss is seasonal, with the most hair loss occurring in the fall. Everyone experiences a normal cycle of loss and growth.

　　The problem of hair loss results when loss is greater than growth.

　　The main cause of hair loss in men seems to be accumulation(积累)of a hormone(荷尔蒙)in the body. When that hormone reaches a certain level, the hair growing period is shortened and hair loss is the result. This is no cure for most cases of hair loss. This, however, is not the end of the world.

We now know that the most hair loss happening in the autumn is ____.（　　）

Hair loss is one of those things we still do not understand. Science has, of course, shown that men are more likely than women to suffer major hair loss. Some kinds of hair loss are temporary(暂时的), an effect of illness. In those cases we can expect the hair to grow back.

　　It all depends on whether the hair root is alive. If it is not, hair loss is permanent and nothing will help.

　　Some daily loss of hair is a normal, healthy sign. Most people lose between 40 to 50 scalp hairs each day.

　　Each of these scalp hairs grows for from two to six years and then rests. About three months later it is pushed out by a new hair growing from the same root.

　　This is not something that should cause great concern.

　　Something else we know is that normal hair loss is seasonal, with the most hair loss occurring in the fall. Everyone experiences a normal cycle of loss and growth.

　　The problem of hair loss results when loss is greater than growth.

　　The main cause of hair loss in men seems to be accumulation(积累)of a hormone(荷尔蒙)in the body. When that hormone reaches a certain level, the hair growing period is shortened and hair loss is the result. This is no cure for most cases of hair loss. This, however, is not the end of the world.

The sentence 〝This, however, is not the end of the world〞 means ____.（　　）

Jimmy was five years old and his brother, Billy, was only a baby. One morning his mother waited for an important telephone call for hours, but nobody called. There was no bread in the house and she had to go out to buy some. Jimmy stayed at home to look after the baby. When the mother was out, the telephone rang and Jimmy answered.

　　Mr. Baker: Hello! May I speak to Mrs. White?

　　Jimmy: Sorry, Mother is out.

　　Mr. Baker: Well, when she comes back, say to her, 〝Mr. Baker called."

　　Jimmy: What?

　　Mr. Baker: Mr. Baker. Write it down. B-A-K-E-R.

　　Jimmy: How do you write B?

　　Mr. Baker: How do I write...? Listen, little boy, is there anybody else with you? Any brothers or sisters?

　　Jimmy: Yes, my brother Billy is here.

　　Mr. Baker: Good. I want to talk to him, please.

　　Jimmy: All right. Jimmy took the telephone to the baby's bed and put it beside its head. Not long after that his mother came back.

　　Mother: Did anybody call?

　　Jimmy: Yes, a man called. But he only wanted to talk to Billy.

Jimmy's mother waited for ____.（　　）

Jimmy was five years old and his brother, Billy, was only a baby. One morning his mother waited for an important telephone call for hours, but nobody called. There was no bread in the house and she had to go out to buy some. Jimmy stayed at home to look after the baby. When the mother was out, the telephone rang and Jimmy answered.

　　Mr. Baker: Hello! May I speak to Mrs. White?

　　Jimmy: Sorry, Mother is out.

　　Mr. Baker: Well, when she comes back, say to her, 〝Mr. Baker called."

　　Jimmy: What?

　　Mr. Baker: Mr. Baker. Write it down. B-A-K-E-R.

　　Jimmy: How do you write B?

　　Mr. Baker: How do I write...? Listen, little boy, is there anybody else with you? Any brothers or sisters?

　　Jimmy: Yes, my brother Billy is here.

　　Mr. Baker: Good. I want to talk to him, please.

　　Jimmy: All right. Jimmy took the telephone to the baby's bed and put it beside its head. Not long after that his mother came back.

　　Mother: Did anybody call?

　　Jimmy: Yes, a man called. But he only wanted to talk to Billy.

Jimmy's mother went out because ____.（　　）

Jimmy was five years old and his brother, Billy, was only a baby. One morning his mother waited for an important telephone call for hours, but nobody called. There was no bread in the house and she had to go out to buy some. Jimmy stayed at home to look after the baby. When the mother was out, the telephone rang and Jimmy answered.

　　Mr. Baker: Hello! May I speak to Mrs. White?

　　Jimmy: Sorry, Mother is out.

　　Mr. Baker: Well, when she comes back, say to her, 〝Mr. Baker called."

　　Jimmy: What?

　　Mr. Baker: Mr. Baker. Write it down. B-A-K-E-R.

　　Jimmy: How do you write B?

　　Mr. Baker: How do I write...? Listen, little boy, is there anybody else with you? Any brothers or sisters?

　　Jimmy: Yes, my brother Billy is here.

　　Mr. Baker: Good. I want to talk to him, please.

　　Jimmy: All right. Jimmy took the telephone to the baby's bed and put it beside its head. Not long after that his mother came back.

　　Mother: Did anybody call?

　　Jimmy: Yes, a man called. But he only wanted to talk to Billy.

Jimmy couldn't write down Mr. Baker's name because ____.（　　）

Jimmy was five years old and his brother, Billy, was only a baby. One morning his mother waited for an important telephone call for hours, but nobody called. There was no bread in the house and she had to go out to buy some. Jimmy stayed at home to look after the baby. When the mother was out, the telephone rang and Jimmy answered.

　　Mr. Baker: Hello! May I speak to Mrs. White?

　　Jimmy: Sorry, Mother is out.

　　Mr. Baker: Well, when she comes back, say to her, 〝Mr. Baker called."

　　Jimmy: What?

　　Mr. Baker: Mr. Baker. Write it down. B-A-K-E-R.

　　Jimmy: How do you write B?

　　Mr. Baker: How do I write...? Listen, little boy, is there anybody else with you? Any brothers or sisters?

　　Jimmy: Yes, my brother Billy is here.

　　Mr. Baker: Good. I want to talk to him, please.

　　Jimmy: All right. Jimmy took the telephone to the baby's bed and put it beside its head. Not long after that his mother came back.

　　Mother: Did anybody call?

　　Jimmy: Yes, a man called. But he only wanted to talk to Billy.

Mr. Baker wanted to talk to ____.（　　）

Uncle Sam is a tall, thin man. He's an elder man with white hair and a white beard. He often wears a tall hat, a bow tie, and the stars and stripes of the American flag.

　　Who is this strange-looking man? Would you believe that Uncle Sam is the US government? But why do you call the US government Uncle Sam?

　　During the War of 1812, the US government hired meat packers to provide meat to the army. One of these meat packers was a man named Samuel Wilson. Samuel was a friendly and fair man. Everyone liked him and called him Uncle Sam.

　　Sam Wilson stamped the boxes of meat for the army with a large US for United States. Some government inspectors came to look over Sam's company. They asked a worker what the US on the boxes stood for. As a joke, the worker answered that these letters stood for the name of his boss, Uncle Sam.

　　The joke spread, and soldiers began saying that their food came from Uncle Sam. Before long, people called all things that came from the government 〝Uncle Sam’s〞, 〝Uncle Sam〞 became a nickname for the US government.

　　Soon there were drawings and cartoons of Uncle Sam in newspapers. In these early pictures, Uncle Sam was a young man. He wore stars and stripes, but his hair was dark and he had not a beard. The beard was added when Abraham Lincoln was President. President Lincoln had a beard.

　　The most famous picture of Uncle Sam is on a poster from World War I. The government needed men to fight in the war. In the poster, a very serious Uncle Sam points his finger and says 〝I want YOU for the US Army. 〞

〝Uncle Sam〞 became a ____ the US government.（　　）

Uncle Sam is a tall, thin man. He's an elder man with white hair and a white beard. He often wears a tall hat, a bow tie, and the stars and stripes of the American flag.

　　Who is this strange-looking man? Would you believe that Uncle Sam is the US government? But why do you call the US government Uncle Sam?

　　During the War of 1812, the US government hired meat packers to provide meat to the army. One of these meat packers was a man named Samuel Wilson. Samuel was a friendly and fair man. Everyone liked him and called him Uncle Sam.

　　Sam Wilson stamped the boxes of meat for the army with a large US for United States. Some government inspectors came to look over Sam's company. They asked a worker what the US on the boxes stood for. As a joke, the worker answered that these letters stood for the name of his boss, Uncle Sam.

　　The joke spread, and soldiers began saying that their food came from Uncle Sam. Before long, people called all things that came from the government 〝Uncle Sam’s〞, 〝Uncle Sam〞 became a nickname for the US government.

　　Soon there were drawings and cartoons of Uncle Sam in newspapers. In these early pictures, Uncle Sam was a young man. He wore stars and stripes, but his hair was dark and he had not a beard. The beard was added when Abraham Lincoln was President. President Lincoln had a beard.

　　The most famous picture of Uncle Sam is on a poster from World War I. The government needed men to fight in the war. In the poster, a very serious Uncle Sam points his finger and says 〝I want YOU for the US Army. 〞

Uncle Sam often wears tall hat, ____ and the stars and stripes of the American flag.（　　）

Uncle Sam is a tall, thin man. He's an elder man with white hair and a white beard. He often wears a tall hat, a bow tie, and the stars and stripes of the American flag.

　　Who is this strange-looking man? Would you believe that Uncle Sam is the US government? But why do you call the US government Uncle Sam?

　　During the War of 1812, the US government hired meat packers to provide meat to the army. One of these meat packers was a man named Samuel Wilson. Samuel was a friendly and fair man. Everyone liked him and called him Uncle Sam.

　　Sam Wilson stamped the boxes of meat for the army with a large US for United States. Some government inspectors came to look over Sam's company. They asked a worker what the US on the boxes stood for. As a joke, the worker answered that these letters stood for the name of his boss, Uncle Sam.

　　The joke spread, and soldiers began saying that their food came from Uncle Sam. Before long, people called all things that came from the government 〝Uncle Sam’s〞, 〝Uncle Sam〞 became a nickname for the US government.

　　Soon there were drawings and cartoons of Uncle Sam in newspapers. In these early pictures, Uncle Sam was a young man. He wore stars and stripes, but his hair was dark and he had not a beard. The beard was added when Abraham Lincoln was President. President Lincoln had a beard.

　　The most famous picture of Uncle Sam is on a poster from World War I. The government needed men to fight in the war. In the poster, a very serious Uncle Sam points his finger and says 〝I want YOU for the US Army. 〞

Government inspectors came to ____ Sam's meat-packing company.（　　）

Uncle Sam is a tall, thin man. He's an elder man with white hair and a white beard. He often wears a tall hat, a bow tie, and the stars and stripes of the American flag.

　　Who is this strange-looking man? Would you believe that Uncle Sam is the US government? But why do you call the US government Uncle Sam?

　　During the War of 1812, the US government hired meat packers to provide meat to the army. One of these meat packers was a man named Samuel Wilson. Samuel was a friendly and fair man. Everyone liked him and called him Uncle Sam.

　　Sam Wilson stamped the boxes of meat for the army with a large US for United States. Some government inspectors came to look over Sam's company. They asked a worker what the US on the boxes stood for. As a joke, the worker answered that these letters stood for the name of his boss, Uncle Sam.

　　The joke spread, and soldiers began saying that their food came from Uncle Sam. Before long, people called all things that came from the government 〝Uncle Sam’s〞, 〝Uncle Sam〞 became a nickname for the US government.

　　Soon there were drawings and cartoons of Uncle Sam in newspapers. In these early pictures, Uncle Sam was a young man. He wore stars and stripes, but his hair was dark and he had not a beard. The beard was added when Abraham Lincoln was President. President Lincoln had a beard.

　　The most famous picture of Uncle Sam is on a poster from World War I. The government needed men to fight in the war. In the poster, a very serious Uncle Sam points his finger and says 〝I want YOU for the US Army. 〞

In the drawing and cartoons of Uncle Sam ____.（　　）

Anyone who has ever attended a university knows that the quality of lecturers varies greatly. A few are very effective communicators, conveying the substance of their lectures clearly and interestingly and inspiring students to want to know more about the subject. Others produce dull lectures from which the students learn little and which are likely to kill any interest they may have in the subject. Lecturing is a major part of a university lecturer's job and it would seem reasonable that effectiveness in this task should be a major standard in assessing a lecturer for promotion. However, it is very often the case that far more weight is given to such factors as participation in research, number of publications and even performance of administrative duties. My point of view is that a lecturer's lecturing should be regularly evaluated and that the best people to carry out this evaluation are those directly on the receiving end.

　　It could, of course, be argued that students are not competent to evaluate the academic quality of lectures. If anyone should evaluate lecturers, it should be their colleagues. However, I am not arguing that students should be asked to comment on the academic content of lectures, but to evaluate the effectiveness.

　　I suspect that many of the objections to student evaluation stem from the fear some lecturers have of being subject to criticism by their students. However, lecturers should see such evaluation as an opportunity to become aware of defects in their lecturing techniques and thus to become better lecturers. Such a system should benefit both students and lecturers as well as help department heads to assess the strengths and weaknesses of their teaching staff.

According to the author, all the students know that ____.（　　）

Anyone who has ever attended a university knows that the quality of lecturers varies greatly. A few are very effective communicators, conveying the substance of their lectures clearly and interestingly and inspiring students to want to know more about the subject. Others produce dull lectures from which the students learn little and which are likely to kill any interest they may have in the subject. Lecturing is a major part of a university lecturer's job and it would seem reasonable that effectiveness in this task should be a major standard in assessing a lecturer for promotion. However, it is very often the case that far more weight is given to such factors as participation in research, number of publications and even performance of administrative duties. My point of view is that a lecturer's lecturing should be regularly evaluated and that the best people to carry out this evaluation are those directly on the receiving end.

　　It could, of course, be argued that students are not competent to evaluate the academic quality of lectures. If anyone should evaluate lecturers, it should be their colleagues. However, I am not arguing that students should be asked to comment on the academic content of lectures, but to evaluate the effectiveness.

　　I suspect that many of the objections to student evaluation stem from the fear some lecturers have of being subject to criticism by their students. However, lecturers should see such evaluation as an opportunity to become aware of defects in their lecturing techniques and thus to become better lecturers. Such a system should benefit both students and lecturers as well as help department heads to assess the strengths and weaknesses of their teaching staff.

In the author's opinion, teachers can only be promoted depending on ____.（　　）

Anyone who has ever attended a university knows that the quality of lecturers varies greatly. A few are very effective communicators, conveying the substance of their lectures clearly and interestingly and inspiring students to want to know more about the subject. Others produce dull lectures from which the students learn little and which are likely to kill any interest they may have in the subject. Lecturing is a major part of a university lecturer's job and it would seem reasonable that effectiveness in this task should be a major standard in assessing a lecturer for promotion. However, it is very often the case that far more weight is given to such factors as participation in research, number of publications and even performance of administrative duties. My point of view is that a lecturer's lecturing should be regularly evaluated and that the best people to carry out this evaluation are those directly on the receiving end.

　　It could, of course, be argued that students are not competent to evaluate the academic quality of lectures. If anyone should evaluate lecturers, it should be their colleagues. However, I am not arguing that students should be asked to comment on the academic content of lectures, but to evaluate the effectiveness.

　　I suspect that many of the objections to student evaluation stem from the fear some lecturers have of being subject to criticism by their students. However, lecturers should see such evaluation as an opportunity to become aware of defects in their lecturing techniques and thus to become better lecturers. Such a system should benefit both students and lecturers as well as help department heads to assess the strengths and weaknesses of their teaching staff.

Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?（　　）

Anyone who has ever attended a university knows that the quality of lecturers varies greatly. A few are very effective communicators, conveying the substance of their lectures clearly and interestingly and inspiring students to want to know more about the subject. Others produce dull lectures from which the students learn little and which are likely to kill any interest they may have in the subject. Lecturing is a major part of a university lecturer's job and it would seem reasonable that effectiveness in this task should be a major standard in assessing a lecturer for promotion. However, it is very often the case that far more weight is given to such factors as participation in research, number of publications and even performance of administrative duties. My point of view is that a lecturer's lecturing should be regularly evaluated and that the best people to carry out this evaluation are those directly on the receiving end.

　　It could, of course, be argued that students are not competent to evaluate the academic quality of lectures. If anyone should evaluate lecturers, it should be their colleagues. However, I am not arguing that students should be asked to comment on the academic content of lectures, but to evaluate the effectiveness.

　　I suspect that many of the objections to student evaluation stem from the fear some lecturers have of being subject to criticism by their students. However, lecturers should see such evaluation as an opportunity to become aware of defects in their lecturing techniques and thus to become better lecturers. Such a system should benefit both students and lecturers as well as help department heads to assess the strengths and weaknesses of their teaching staff.

The author believes that ____.（　　）