2022年下半年教师资格《初中英语学科知识与教学能力》押题密卷题

When the idea of winning in sports is carried to excess, ____competition can turn into disorder and violence.

During class, the teacher leads students to memorize the important points of the teaching content. On one hand, the teacher helps students to grasp the key points. On the other hand, what learning strategy is the teacher teaching?

What role does the teacher play in the deductive presentation of grammar?

Which of the following questions can be used in the questionnaire for assessing participation?

What should the teacher try to avoid when selecting listening activities?

Which of the following activities is the best for training detailed reading?

X: He likes dogs.

Y: He likes animals.

The relationship of X and Y is that

There are some speaking activities. Which of the following mainly focuses on the form andaccuracy?

Which of the following is most suitable for the cultivation of linguistic competence?

What's the teacher doing by saying "Who wants to have a try"?

Which of the following shows the proper pronunciation of the segment "did you" inconnected speech?

There are five components of communicative competence． Which of them refers to one's ability to create coherent written text or conversation and the ability to understand them?

What is the teacher doing in terms of error correction?

S: I go to the theatre last night．

T: You go to the theatre last night?

Think about when a teacher handed out a list of twenty"Past tense"sentences and asked students to discussand find out the grammatical structures．What is the teacher's grammar teaching method?

In PPP method classes or sequences, the teacher presents the context and situation for the language, and both explains and demonstrates the meaning and form of the new language． The students then practice making sentences before going on to another stage in which they talk or write more freely． PPP stands for except__________．

Many a boy__________playing basketball．

Which of the following is a slip of tongue

Nobody but the twins__________some interest in the project till now．

The shy girl felt__________ and uncomfortable when she could not answer her teacher's questions．

The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called__________．

Which of the following is a suitable pre-listening activity

Which of the following is not an interactive activity?

It is generally agreed that the first true cities appeared about 5,000 years ago in the food-producing communities of the Middle East． The cities of Sumeria, Egypt and the Indus Valley possessed a number of characteristics that distinguished them as truly urban． The cities were very much larger and more densely populated than any previous settlement, and their function wasclearly differentiated from that of the surrounding villages． In the cities the old patterns of kinship relations were replaced by a complex hierarchy of social classes based on the specialization of

labor． Moreover, the need to keep records led to the development of writing and arithmetic, and the increased sophistication of urban society gave a new impetus to artistic expression of every kind．

When the basis of city life was established in Europe the urban tradition was drawn from the ancient cities of the Middle East, via the civilization of Greece and Rome． We can trace three main phases in the growth of the West European city． The first of these is the medieval phase which extends from the beginning of the 1 lth century A．D． to about 1,500 to the beginning of the 19th century． The third is the modern phase extending from the early 19th century to the present day．

Every medieval city began as a small settlement, which grew up round a geographical or cultural focal point． This would be a permanent structure such as a stronghold, a cathedral or a large church． In districts where travel and trade were well established, it might be a market, a river crossing, or a place where two or more trade routes met, in studies of urban geography the oldest part of town is referred to as the nuclear settlement． There are many small towns in Europe where it is still possible to trace the outline of the original nuclear settlement． It is, of course,

much more difficult to do this in the case if a large modern city which has grown to many times its original size．

The ancient citie

It is generally agreed that the first true cities appeared about 5,000 years ago in the food-producing communities of the Middle East． The cities of Sumeria, Egypt and the Indus Valley possessed a number of characteristics that distinguished them as truly urban． The cities were very much larger and more densely populated than any previous settlement, and their function wasclearly differentiated from that of the surrounding villages． In the cities the old patterns of kinship relations were replaced by a complex hierarchy of social classes based on the specialization of

labor． Moreover, the need to keep records led to the development of writing and arithmetic, and the increased sophistication of urban society gave a new impetus to artistic expression of every kind．

When the basis of city life was established in Europe the urban tradition was drawn from the ancient cities of the Middle East, via the civilization of Greece and Rome． We can trace three main phases in the growth of the West European city． The first of these is the medieval phase which extends from the beginning of the 1 lth century A．D． to about 1,500 to the beginning of the 19th century． The third is the modern phase extending from the early 19th century to the present day．

Every medieval city began as a small settlement, which grew up round a geographical or cultural focal point． This would be a permanent structure such as a stronghold, a cathedral or a large church． In districts where travel and trade were well established, it might be a market, a river crossing, or a place where two or more trade routes met, in studies of urban geography the oldest part of town is referred to as the nuclear settlement． There are many small towns in Europe where it is still possible to trace the outline of the original nuclear settlement． It is, of course,

much more difficult to do this in the case if a large modern city which has grown to many times its original size．

?Which of the fol

It is generally agreed that the first true cities appeared about 5,000 years ago in the food-producing communities of the Middle East． The cities of Sumeria, Egypt and the Indus Valley possessed a number of characteristics that distinguished them as truly urban． The cities were very much larger and more densely populated than any previous settlement, and their function wasclearly differentiated from that of the surrounding villages． In the cities the old patterns of kinship relations were replaced by a complex hierarchy of social classes based on the specialization of

labor． Moreover, the need to keep records led to the development of writing and arithmetic, and the increased sophistication of urban society gave a new impetus to artistic expression of every kind．

When the basis of city life was established in Europe the urban tradition was drawn from the ancient cities of the Middle East, via the civilization of Greece and Rome． We can trace three main phases in the growth of the West European city． The first of these is the medieval phase which extends from the beginning of the 1 lth century A．D． to about 1,500 to the beginning of the 19th century． The third is the modern phase extending from the early 19th century to the present day．

Every medieval city began as a small settlement, which grew up round a geographical or cultural focal point． This would be a permanent structure such as a stronghold, a cathedral or a large church． In districts where travel and trade were well established, it might be a market, a river crossing, or a place where two or more trade routes met, in studies of urban geography the oldest part of town is referred to as the nuclear settlement． There are many small towns in Europe where it is still possible to trace the outline of the original nuclear settlement． It is, of course,

much more difficult to do this in the case if a large modern city which has grown to many times its original size．

?Which of the fol

It is generally agreed that the first true cities appeared about 5,000 years ago in the food-producing communities of the Middle East． The cities of Sumeria, Egypt and the Indus Valley possessed a number of characteristics that distinguished them as truly urban． The cities were very much larger and more densely populated than any previous settlement, and their function wasclearly differentiated from that of the surrounding villages． In the cities the old patterns of kinship relations were replaced by a complex hierarchy of social classes based on the specialization of

labor． Moreover, the need to keep records led to the development of writing and arithmetic, and the increased sophistication of urban society gave a new impetus to artistic expression of every kind．

When the basis of city life was established in Europe the urban tradition was drawn from the ancient cities of the Middle East, via the civilization of Greece and Rome． We can trace three main phases in the growth of the West European city． The first of these is the medieval phase which extends from the beginning of the 1 lth century A．D． to about 1,500 to the beginning of the 19th century． The third is the modern phase extending from the early 19th century to the present day．

Every medieval city began as a small settlement, which grew up round a geographical or cultural focal point． This would be a permanent structure such as a stronghold, a cathedral or a large church． In districts where travel and trade were well established, it might be a market, a river crossing, or a place where two or more trade routes met, in studies of urban geography the oldest part of town is referred to as the nuclear settlement． There are many small towns in Europe where it is still possible to trace the outline of the original nuclear settlement． It is, of course,

much more difficult to do this in the case if a large modern city which has grown to many times its original size．

It is easier to l

It is generally agreed that the first true cities appeared about 5,000 years ago in the food-producing communities of the Middle East． The cities of Sumeria, Egypt and the Indus Valley possessed a number of characteristics that distinguished them as truly urban． The cities were very much larger and more densely populated than any previous settlement, and their function wasclearly differentiated from that of the surrounding villages． In the cities the old patterns of kinship relations were replaced by a complex hierarchy of social classes based on the specialization of

labor． Moreover, the need to keep records led to the development of writing and arithmetic, and the increased sophistication of urban society gave a new impetus to artistic expression of every kind．

When the basis of city life was established in Europe the urban tradition was drawn from the ancient cities of the Middle East, via the civilization of Greece and Rome． We can trace three main phases in the growth of the West European city． The first of these is the medieval phase which extends from the beginning of the 1 lth century A．D． to about 1,500 to the beginning of the 19th century． The third is the modern phase extending from the early 19th century to the present day．

Every medieval city began as a small settlement, which grew up round a geographical or cultural focal point． This would be a permanent structure such as a stronghold, a cathedral or a large church． In districts where travel and trade were well established, it might be a market, a river crossing, or a place where two or more trade routes met, in studies of urban geography the oldest part of town is referred to as the nuclear settlement． There are many small towns in Europe where it is still possible to trace the outline of the original nuclear settlement． It is, of course,

much more difficult to do this in the case if a large modern city which has grown to many times its original size．

?Which of the fol

The Government is anxious to keep the whole __________ out of court．

Now that we've discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions__________?

How many liaisons of sound are there in the sentence "Tell us all about it"?

Most people on this island are recreational fishers, and __________ , fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time．

There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence． The first is the sort of brain he is born with． Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others． But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn． So the second factor is what happens to the individual--the sort of environment in which he is brought up． If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable．

Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintelligencecanbe?

demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark． Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same． When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes． Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities． Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college． He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually． This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence． Mark's LQ． was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother． Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level．

This selection can best be titled__________．

There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence． The first is the sort of brain he is born with． Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others． But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn． So the second factor is what happens to the individual--the sort of environment in which he is brought up． If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable．

Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintelligencecanbe?

demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark． Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same． When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes． Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities． Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college． He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually． This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence． Mark's LQ． was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother． Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level．

?The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that__________．

There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence． The first is the sort of brain he is born with． Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others． But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn． So the second factor is what happens to the individual--the sort of environment in which he is brought up． If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable．

Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintelligencecanbe?

demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark． Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same． When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes． Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities． Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college． He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually． This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence． Mark's LQ． was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother． Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level．

According to the passage, the average I．Q． is__________．

The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that__________．

This passage suggests that an individual's I.Q. __________.

Questioning plays an important role for the classroom teaching． Which of the following questions does not belong to comprehension questions?

In a pre-listening activity, students need to learn to cope with some ambiguity in listening and realize that they can still learn even when they do not understand every single word. The aim of this activity is to develop the skill of__________.

In speaking activities, a speaker often tries to avoid using a difficult word or structure and chooses to use a simpler one. What learning strategy does the speaker use?

It is said that the agreement __________ between the two companies last month will become effective from May 1st.

When a teacher makes a lesson plan, he should do all of the following EXCEPT_____________

Which of the following does NOT belong to the ways of collecting information for formative_________assessment?

According to Noam Chomsky, human beings are born with an innate ability to acquire and produce language known as__________.

What do the following sentences practice?

Peter and I went to the cinema yesterday.

Peter and I went to the cinema yesterday.

Peter and I went to the cinema yesterday.

Peter and I went to the cinema yesterday.

40 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.

Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had

been asked by the British government to set up an injuries center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.

In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part.

Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.

TheGameshavebeenagreatsuccessinpromotinginternationalfriendshipandunderstanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can't enjoy sport. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded.

The first games for the disabled were heldafter Sir Ludwig Guttmann arrived in England.

40 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.

Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had

been asked by the British government to set up an injuries center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.

In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part.

Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.

TheGameshavebeenagreatsuccessinpromotinginternationalfriendshipandunderstanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can't enjoy sport. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded.

?Which of the following statements is NOT true?

40 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.

Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had

been asked by the British government to set up an injuries center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.

In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part.

Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.

TheGameshavebeenagreatsuccessinpromotinginternationalfriendshipandunderstanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can't enjoy sport. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded.

Besides Stoke Mandeville, surely the games for the disabled were once held in__________.

40 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.

Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had

been asked by the British government to set up an injuries center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.

In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part.

Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.

TheGameshavebeenagreatsuccessinpromotinginternationalfriendshipandunderstanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can't enjoy sport. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded.

In Paragraph 3, the underlined word "athletes" means__________.

40 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.

Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had

been asked by the British government to set up an injuries center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.

In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part.

Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.

TheGameshavebeenagreatsuccessinpromotinginternationalfriendshipandunderstanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can't enjoy sport. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded.

From the passage, we may conclude that the writer is __________ .

Which of the following activities does not belong to pre-reading activities?

What' s the proper pronunciation of the underlined words : the apple and the boy'

When a teacher teaches young learners English pronunciation, he should__________.

The best grouping of teaching when the students are given the task to design a poster for a school event is__________.

Classroom language can also be called in-class language, which is the specially used language system by both teachers and students in classroom teaching. Which of the following is not consisted in it?

According to the New Curriculum Standard, the ultimate goal of English education is to develop students' ability to use English communicatively. Therefore, English education in schools,should be__________.

The issue is how to __________ radioactive waste.

I must be getting fat--I can__________ do my trousers up.

Which stage of the speaking lesson is the least controlled by teachers?

To develop the skill of listening, the teacher asks the students to learn several new words that will appear in the listening passage and predict what the listening is about. Which stage is it at in listening class now?

A lawyer needs a(n) __________secretary.

The weather was__________cold that I didn't like to leave my room.

Make sure you've got the passports and tickets and ___________ before you leave.

Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.

In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.

Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.

Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.

The passage is mainly discussing__________.

Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.

In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.

Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.

Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.

One of the factors that tend to promote social change is__________.

Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.

In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.

Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.

Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.

In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.

Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.

Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.

?The expression "greater tolerance" (Para. 1) refers to__________.

Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.

In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.

Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.

Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.

?Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways because__________.

When a student said in class," I come home at 6 o'clock yesterday", the teacher says "Came not comed". The teacher's response does not obey which rule of effective feedback?

If the function of language is limited to communication, then animals' calls can also be called language, but actually they are not. Compared with traffic light system, language is far more complicated and resourceful. This reflects that language has the feature of__________.

Teachers can apply all of the following methods to teach stress except__________.

The author and photographer_________coming to our university to give a lecture next Friday.

Which of the following types of questions can least elicit students′ ideas

When students are asked to find out the changes of their hometown and make a plan for anexhibition, which type of the following grouping methods is mostly recommended

Which of the following does NOT show the proper rhythmic pattern of the sentence

What stage can the following grammar activity be used at

The teacher asked students to arrange the words of sentences into different columns markedsubject, predicate, object, object complement, adverbial and so on.

“Fall”and“autumn”are_________synonyms．

English classroom activities for elementary and middle schools can be divided into four types: start-up, language learning,__________ and summary.

__________ he tried to cover the truth, it came out at last．

When selecting listening materials，a text spoken at_________is preferred．

The stress of the following words are all on the first syllable except __________.

But not all pretended deeds have to fall short of their normal function in order to__________their communication purpose.

Which of the following is a Suprasegmental feature？

The results of the study indicated that it was the type of fat_______made the difference．

When __________is produced, complete closure of the articulators is involved so that the air stream cannot escape through the mouth．

As modem linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use，and not to lay down rules for“correct”linguistic behavior，it is said to be_______．

A Chinese student makes a sentence as follows "He is a rich man who like traveling". The error in that sentence is the result of__________.

Teaching, a test of__________, intelligence, and teamwork skills, requires a lot of energy.

As I__________, my son learned to speak English fluently before the school year was over．

Which rhetoric is used in the following sentence?

A government of the people, by the people, and for the people.

In terms of __________,words can be divided into closed-class words and open-classed words.

Which of the following words does not have consonant cluster?

Which of the following is the proper pronunciation of "meet you" as a result of assimilation?

She told her children that they must not __________play with matches.

According to a recent research, the old are more than twice as likely to have a positive attitude to life __________ the young.

You must face the reality and know the environment__________.

--There are a lot of __________of bike riding.

--I agree. It′ s good for the environment and it saves money.

Which of the following is NOT a suitable pre-reading activity?

Which of the letter "p" in the following words has a different pronunciation from others?

John had never been abroad before, __________he found the business trip very exciting.

Passage 1

Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recently years it has been particularly scorned．School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on this educational ritual．Unfortunately, L.A．Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student′ s academic grade.

This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework．But the policy is unclear and contradictory．Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment．But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.

District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling; teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want．But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards．Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped．Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a fiat, across-the-board rule.

At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework．If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students′ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing．Conversely, if homework matters, it should accoun

Passage 1

Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recently years it has been particularly scorned．School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on this educational ritual．Unfortunately, L.A．Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student′ s academic grade.

This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework．But the policy is unclear and contradictory．Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment．But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.

District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling; teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want．But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards．Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped．Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a fiat, across-the-board rule.

At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework．If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students′ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing．Conversely, if homework matters, it should accoun

Passage 1

Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recently years it has been particularly scorned．School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on this educational ritual．Unfortunately, L.A．Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student′ s academic grade.

This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework．But the policy is unclear and contradictory．Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment．But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.

District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling; teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want．But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards．Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped．Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a fiat, across-the-board rule.

At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework．If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students′ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing．Conversely, if homework matters, it should accoun

Passage 1

Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recently years it has been particularly scorned．School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on this educational ritual．Unfortunately, L.A．Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student′ s academic grade.

This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework．But the policy is unclear and contradictory．Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment．But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.

District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling; teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want．But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards．Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped．Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a fiat, across-the-board rule.

At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework．If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students′ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing．Conversely, if homework matters, it should accoun

Passage 1

Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recently years it has been particularly scorned．School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on this educational ritual．Unfortunately, L.A．Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student′ s academic grade.

This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework．But the policy is unclear and contradictory．Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment．But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.

District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling; teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want．But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards．Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped．Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a fiat, across-the-board rule.

At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework．If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students′ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing．Conversely, if homework matters, it should accoun

As can be seen,the central government is sparing no pains to__________the officials overuse?of power to make a healthier party．

--Could you please tell__________?

--Go up stairs and turn left.

Which of the following has the proper word stress?

If global warming goes on like this,Maldives in the Indian Ocean__________in the century?to come.

Which of the following elements does not belong to a communicative writing task?

How should the teacher deal with students′writing errors?

In writing,which step is used to get students to think freely and put down all possible ideas?related to the topic that come to their minds?

请阅读Passage 1。完成小题。

Passage 1

The mythology of a culture can provide some vital insights into the beliefs and values of that?culture．By using fantastic and sometimes incredible stories to create an oral tradition by which to?explain the wonders of the natural world and teach lessons to younger generations,a society exposes?those ideas and concepts held most important．Just as important as the final lesson to be gathered?from the stories,however,are the characters and the roles they play in conveying that message．

Perhaps the epitome of mythology and its use as a tool to pass on cultural values can be found?in Aesop′s Fables,told and retold during the era of the Greek Empire．Aesop,a slave who won the?favor of the court through his imaginative and descriptive tales,almost exclusively used animals to?fill the roles in his short stories．Humans,when at all present,almost always played the part of?bumbling fools struggling to learn the lesson being presented．This choice of characterization allows?us to see that the Greeks placed wisdom on a level slightly beyond humans,implying that deep?wisdom and understanding is a universal quality sought by,rather than stealing from,human beings．

Aesop′s fables illustrated the central themes of humility and self-reliance,reflecting the?importance of those traits in early Greek society．The folly of humans was used to contrast against?the ultimate goal of attaining a higher level of understanding and awareness of truths about nature?and humanity．For example,one notable fable features a fox repeatedly trying to reach a bunch of?grapes on a very high vine．After failing at several attempts,the fox gives up,making up its mind?that the grapes were probably sour anyway．The fable′s lesson,that we often play down that which?we can′t achieve so as to make ourselves feel better,teaches the reader or listener in an entertaining?way about one of the weaknesses of the human psyche．

The mythology of other cultures and s

请阅读Passage 1。完成小题。

Passage 1

The mythology of a culture can provide some vital insights into the beliefs and values of that?culture．By using fantastic and sometimes incredible stories to create an oral tradition by which to?explain the wonders of the natural world and teach lessons to younger generations,a society exposes?those ideas and concepts held most important．Just as important as the final lesson to be gathered?from the stories,however,are the characters and the roles they play in conveying that message．

Perhaps the epitome of mythology and its use as a tool to pass on cultural values can be found?in Aesop′s Fables,told and retold during the era of the Greek Empire．Aesop,a slave who won the?favor of the court through his imaginative and descriptive tales,almost exclusively used animals to?fill the roles in his short stories．Humans,when at all present,almost always played the part of?bumbling fools struggling to learn the lesson being presented．This choice of characterization allows?us to see that the Greeks placed wisdom on a level slightly beyond humans,implying that deep?wisdom and understanding is a universal quality sought by,rather than stealing from,human beings．

Aesop′s fables illustrated the central themes of humility and self-reliance,reflecting the?importance of those traits in early Greek society．The folly of humans was used to contrast against?the ultimate goal of attaining a higher level of understanding and awareness of truths about nature?and humanity．For example,one notable fable features a fox repeatedly trying to reach a bunch of?grapes on a very high vine．After failing at several attempts,the fox gives up,making up its mind?that the grapes were probably sour anyway．The fable′s lesson,that we often play down that which?we can′t achieve so as to make ourselves feel better,teaches the reader or listener in an entertaining?way about one of the weaknesses of the human psyche．

The mythology of other cultures and s

请阅读Passage 1。完成小题。

Passage 1

The mythology of a culture can provide some vital insights into the beliefs and values of that?culture．By using fantastic and sometimes incredible stories to create an oral tradition by which to?explain the wonders of the natural world and teach lessons to younger generations,a society exposes?those ideas and concepts held most important．Just as important as the final lesson to be gathered?from the stories,however,are the characters and the roles they play in conveying that message．

Perhaps the epitome of mythology and its use as a tool to pass on cultural values can be found?in Aesop′s Fables,told and retold during the era of the Greek Empire．Aesop,a slave who won the?favor of the court through his imaginative and descriptive tales,almost exclusively used animals to?fill the roles in his short stories．Humans,when at all present,almost always played the part of?bumbling fools struggling to learn the lesson being presented．This choice of characterization allows?us to see that the Greeks placed wisdom on a level slightly beyond humans,implying that deep?wisdom and understanding is a universal quality sought by,rather than stealing from,human beings．

Aesop′s fables illustrated the central themes of humility and self-reliance,reflecting the?importance of those traits in early Greek society．The folly of humans was used to contrast against?the ultimate goal of attaining a higher level of understanding and awareness of truths about nature?and humanity．For example,one notable fable features a fox repeatedly trying to reach a bunch of?grapes on a very high vine．After failing at several attempts,the fox gives up,making up its mind?that the grapes were probably sour anyway．The fable′s lesson,that we often play down that which?we can′t achieve so as to make ourselves feel better,teaches the reader or listener in an entertaining?way about one of the weaknesses of the human psyche．

The mythology of other cultures and s

请阅读Passage 1。完成小题。

Passage 1

The mythology of a culture can provide some vital insights into the beliefs and values of that?culture．By using fantastic and sometimes incredible stories to create an oral tradition by which to?explain the wonders of the natural world and teach lessons to younger generations,a society exposes?those ideas and concepts held most important．Just as important as the final lesson to be gathered?from the stories,however,are the characters and the roles they play in conveying that message．

Perhaps the epitome of mythology and its use as a tool to pass on cultural values can be found?in Aesop′s Fables,told and retold during the era of the Greek Empire．Aesop,a slave who won the?favor of the court through his imaginative and descriptive tales,almost exclusively used animals to?fill the roles in his short stories．Humans,when at all present,almost always played the part of?bumbling fools struggling to learn the lesson being presented．This choice of characterization allows?us to see that the Greeks placed wisdom on a level slightly beyond humans,implying that deep?wisdom and understanding is a universal quality sought by,rather than stealing from,human beings．

Aesop′s fables illustrated the central themes of humility and self-reliance,reflecting the?importance of those traits in early Greek society．The folly of humans was used to contrast against?the ultimate goal of attaining a higher level of understanding and awareness of truths about nature?and humanity．For example,one notable fable features a fox repeatedly trying to reach a bunch of?grapes on a very high vine．After failing at several attempts,the fox gives up,making up its mind?that the grapes were probably sour anyway．The fable′s lesson,that we often play down that which?we can′t achieve so as to make ourselves feel better,teaches the reader or listener in an entertaining?way about one of the weaknesses of the human psyche．

The mythology of other cultures and s

请阅读Passage 1。完成小题。

Passage 1

The mythology of a culture can provide some vital insights into the beliefs and values of that?culture．By using fantastic and sometimes incredible stories to create an oral tradition by which to?explain the wonders of the natural world and teach lessons to younger generations,a society exposes?those ideas and concepts held most important．Just as important as the final lesson to be gathered?from the stories,however,are the characters and the roles they play in conveying that message．

Perhaps the epitome of mythology and its use as a tool to pass on cultural values can be found?in Aesop′s Fables,told and retold during the era of the Greek Empire．Aesop,a slave who won the?favor of the court through his imaginative and descriptive tales,almost exclusively used animals to?fill the roles in his short stories．Humans,when at all present,almost always played the part of?bumbling fools struggling to learn the lesson being presented．This choice of characterization allows?us to see that the Greeks placed wisdom on a level slightly beyond humans,implying that deep?wisdom and understanding is a universal quality sought by,rather than stealing from,human beings．

Aesop′s fables illustrated the central themes of humility and self-reliance,reflecting the?importance of those traits in early Greek society．The folly of humans was used to contrast against?the ultimate goal of attaining a higher level of understanding and awareness of truths about nature?and humanity．For example,one notable fable features a fox repeatedly trying to reach a bunch of?grapes on a very high vine．After failing at several attempts,the fox gives up,making up its mind?that the grapes were probably sour anyway．The fable′s lesson,that we often play down that which?we can′t achieve so as to make ourselves feel better,teaches the reader or listener in an entertaining?way about one of the weaknesses of the human psyche．

The mythology of other cultures and s

请阅读Passage l。完成小题。

Passage 1

There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on?newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate."Sometime in the future,"the paper′s?publisher said back in 2010.

Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside,there′s plenty of incentive to ditch?print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper--printing presses,delivery trucks--isn′t just expensive;it′s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don′t have the same set?of financial constraints.Readers are migrating away from print anyway.And though print and sales?still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts,revenue from print is still declining.

Overhead may be high and circulation lower,but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be?a mistake,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.

Peretti says the Times shouldn′t waste time getting out of the print business,but only if they go?about doing it the right way."Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for?them,"he said,"but if you discontinue it,you′re going to have your most loyal customers really?upset with you."

Sometimes that′s worth making a change anyway.Peretti gives the example of Netflix?discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming."It was seen as a blunder,"he said.The more turned out to be foresighted.And ifPeretti were in change at the Times?"I wouldn′t pick?a year to end print,"he said."I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."

The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor,the idea goes,and they′d feel?like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in."So if you′re overpaying for?print,you could feel like you were helping,"Peretti said."Then increase it at a higher rate each year?and essentially try to generate additional revenue."In other words,if you′re going to make a print?product,make it for th

请阅读Passage l。完成小题。

Passage 1

There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on?newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate."Sometime in the future,"the paper′s?publisher said back in 2010.

Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside,there′s plenty of incentive to ditch?print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper--printing presses,delivery trucks--isn′t just expensive;it′s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don′t have the same set?of financial constraints.Readers are migrating away from print anyway.And though print and sales?still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts,revenue from print is still declining.

Overhead may be high and circulation lower,but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be?a mistake,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.

Peretti says the Times shouldn′t waste time getting out of the print business,but only if they go?about doing it the right way."Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for?them,"he said,"but if you discontinue it,you′re going to have your most loyal customers really?upset with you."

Sometimes that′s worth making a change anyway.Peretti gives the example of Netflix?discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming."It was seen as a blunder,"he said.The more turned out to be foresighted.And ifPeretti were in change at the Times?"I wouldn′t pick?a year to end print,"he said."I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."

The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor,the idea goes,and they′d feel?like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in."So if you′re overpaying for?print,you could feel like you were helping,"Peretti said."Then increase it at a higher rate each year?and essentially try to generate additional revenue."In other words,if you′re going to make a print?product,make it for th

请阅读Passage l。完成小题。

Passage 1

There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on?newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate."Sometime in the future,"the paper′s?publisher said back in 2010.

Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside,there′s plenty of incentive to ditch?print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper--printing presses,delivery trucks--isn′t just expensive;it′s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don′t have the same set?of financial constraints.Readers are migrating away from print anyway.And though print and sales?still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts,revenue from print is still declining.

Overhead may be high and circulation lower,but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be?a mistake,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.

Peretti says the Times shouldn′t waste time getting out of the print business,but only if they go?about doing it the right way."Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for?them,"he said,"but if you discontinue it,you′re going to have your most loyal customers really?upset with you."

Sometimes that′s worth making a change anyway.Peretti gives the example of Netflix?discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming."It was seen as a blunder,"he said.The more turned out to be foresighted.And ifPeretti were in change at the Times?"I wouldn′t pick?a year to end print,"he said."I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."

The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor,the idea goes,and they′d feel?like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in."So if you′re overpaying for?print,you could feel like you were helping,"Peretti said."Then increase it at a higher rate each year?and essentially try to generate additional revenue."In other words,if you′re going to make a print?product,make it for th

请阅读Passage l。完成小题。

Passage 1

There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on?newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate."Sometime in the future,"the paper′s?publisher said back in 2010.

Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside,there′s plenty of incentive to ditch?print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper--printing presses,delivery trucks--isn′t just expensive;it′s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don′t have the same set?of financial constraints.Readers are migrating away from print anyway.And though print and sales?still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts,revenue from print is still declining.

Overhead may be high and circulation lower,but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be?a mistake,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.

Peretti says the Times shouldn′t waste time getting out of the print business,but only if they go?about doing it the right way."Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for?them,"he said,"but if you discontinue it,you′re going to have your most loyal customers really?upset with you."

Sometimes that′s worth making a change anyway.Peretti gives the example of Netflix?discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming."It was seen as a blunder,"he said.The more turned out to be foresighted.And ifPeretti were in change at the Times?"I wouldn′t pick?a year to end print,"he said."I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."

The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor,the idea goes,and they′d feel?like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in."So if you′re overpaying for?print,you could feel like you were helping,"Peretti said."Then increase it at a higher rate each year?and essentially try to generate additional revenue."In other words,if you′re going to make a print?product,make it for th

请阅读Passage l。完成小题。

Passage 1

There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on?newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate."Sometime in the future,"the paper′s?publisher said back in 2010.

Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside,there′s plenty of incentive to ditch?print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper--printing presses,delivery trucks--isn′t just expensive;it′s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don′t have the same set?of financial constraints.Readers are migrating away from print anyway.And though print and sales?still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts,revenue from print is still declining.

Overhead may be high and circulation lower,but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be?a mistake,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.

Peretti says the Times shouldn′t waste time getting out of the print business,but only if they go?about doing it the right way."Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for?them,"he said,"but if you discontinue it,you′re going to have your most loyal customers really?upset with you."

Sometimes that′s worth making a change anyway.Peretti gives the example of Netflix?discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming."It was seen as a blunder,"he said.The more turned out to be foresighted.And ifPeretti were in change at the Times?"I wouldn′t pick?a year to end print,"he said."I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."

The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor,the idea goes,and they′d feel?like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in."So if you′re overpaying for?print,you could feel like you were helping,"Peretti said."Then increase it at a higher rate each year?and essentially try to generate additional revenue."In other words,if you′re going to make a print?product,make it for th

请阅读Passage 2，完成小题。

Passage 2

For hundreds of millions of years,turtles have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy?beaches,long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them,or GPS satellites and?marine biologists to track them,or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings down to the water′s edge?lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead．A?formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic?coastlines．With all that attention paid to them,you′d think these creatures would at least have the?gratitude not to go extinct．

But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness,and a report by the Fish and Wildlife?Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles,notably loggerheads,which can grow to as much as 400 pounds．The South Florida nesting?population,the largest,has declined by 50%in the last decade,according to Elizabeth Griffin,a?marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana．The figures prompted Oceana to petition the?government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from"threatened"to"endangered"--meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help．

Which raises the obvious question:what else do these turtles want from us,anyway?．It turns?out,according to Griffin,that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks?they spend on land(as egg-laying females,as eggs and as hatchlings),we have neglected the years?they spend in the ocean．"The threat is from commercial fishing,"says Griffin．Trawlers(which drag?large nets through the water and along the ocean floor)and longline fishers(which can deploy?thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles)take a heavy toll on turtles．

Of course,like every other environmental issue today,this is playing out against the?background of global warming and human

请阅读Passage 2，完成小题。

Passage 2

For hundreds of millions of years,turtles have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy?beaches,long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them,or GPS satellites and?marine biologists to track them,or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings down to the water′s edge?lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead．A?formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic?coastlines．With all that attention paid to them,you′d think these creatures would at least have the?gratitude not to go extinct．

But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness,and a report by the Fish and Wildlife?Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles,notably loggerheads,which can grow to as much as 400 pounds．The South Florida nesting?population,the largest,has declined by 50%in the last decade,according to Elizabeth Griffin,a?marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana．The figures prompted Oceana to petition the?government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from"threatened"to"endangered"--meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help．

Which raises the obvious question:what else do these turtles want from us,anyway?．It turns?out,according to Griffin,that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks?they spend on land(as egg-laying females,as eggs and as hatchlings),we have neglected the years?they spend in the ocean．"The threat is from commercial fishing,"says Griffin．Trawlers(which drag?large nets through the water and along the ocean floor)and longline fishers(which can deploy?thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles)take a heavy toll on turtles．

Of course,like every other environmental issue today,this is playing out against the?background of global warming and human

请阅读Passage 2，完成小题。

Passage 2

For hundreds of millions of years,turtles have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy?beaches,long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them,or GPS satellites and?marine biologists to track them,or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings down to the water′s edge?lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead．A?formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic?coastlines．With all that attention paid to them,you′d think these creatures would at least have the?gratitude not to go extinct．

But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness,and a report by the Fish and Wildlife?Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles,notably loggerheads,which can grow to as much as 400 pounds．The South Florida nesting?population,the largest,has declined by 50%in the last decade,according to Elizabeth Griffin,a?marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana．The figures prompted Oceana to petition the?government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from"threatened"to"endangered"--meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help．

Which raises the obvious question:what else do these turtles want from us,anyway?．It turns?out,according to Griffin,that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks?they spend on land(as egg-laying females,as eggs and as hatchlings),we have neglected the years?they spend in the ocean．"The threat is from commercial fishing,"says Griffin．Trawlers(which drag?large nets through the water and along the ocean floor)and longline fishers(which can deploy?thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles)take a heavy toll on turtles．

Of course,like every other environmental issue today,this is playing out against the?background of global warming and human

请阅读Passage 2，完成小题。

Passage 2

For hundreds of millions of years,turtles have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy?beaches,long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them,or GPS satellites and?marine biologists to track them,or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings down to the water′s edge?lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead．A?formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic?coastlines．With all that attention paid to them,you′d think these creatures would at least have the?gratitude not to go extinct．

But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness,and a report by the Fish and Wildlife?Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles,notably loggerheads,which can grow to as much as 400 pounds．The South Florida nesting?population,the largest,has declined by 50%in the last decade,according to Elizabeth Griffin,a?marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana．The figures prompted Oceana to petition the?government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from"threatened"to"endangered"--meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help．

Which raises the obvious question:what else do these turtles want from us,anyway?．It turns?out,according to Griffin,that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks?they spend on land(as egg-laying females,as eggs and as hatchlings),we have neglected the years?they spend in the ocean．"The threat is from commercial fishing,"says Griffin．Trawlers(which drag?large nets through the water and along the ocean floor)and longline fishers(which can deploy?thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles)take a heavy toll on turtles．

Of course,like every other environmental issue today,this is playing out against the?background of global warming and human

请阅读Passage 2，完成小题。

Passage 2

For hundreds of millions of years,turtles have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy?beaches,long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them,or GPS satellites and?marine biologists to track them,or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings down to the water′s edge?lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead．A?formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic?coastlines．With all that attention paid to them,you′d think these creatures would at least have the?gratitude not to go extinct．

But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness,and a report by the Fish and Wildlife?Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles,notably loggerheads,which can grow to as much as 400 pounds．The South Florida nesting?population,the largest,has declined by 50%in the last decade,according to Elizabeth Griffin,a?marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana．The figures prompted Oceana to petition the?government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from"threatened"to"endangered"--meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help．

Which raises the obvious question:what else do these turtles want from us,anyway?．It turns?out,according to Griffin,that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks?they spend on land(as egg-laying females,as eggs and as hatchlings),we have neglected the years?they spend in the ocean．"The threat is from commercial fishing,"says Griffin．Trawlers(which drag?large nets through the water and along the ocean floor)and longline fishers(which can deploy?thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles)take a heavy toll on turtles．

Of course,like every other environmental issue today,this is playing out against the?background of global warming and human

请阅读Passage 2，完成小题。

Passage 2

Paper money is used every day but people do not often think of money as just paper.This is?because people agree that it has value,and paper money is supported by the government.

People have used paper money for only a few hundred years,but what did people do before?printed money was invented?In Medieval England,a stick was the official representation of money.The common system that was used involved counting debt on a piece of wood called a"tally stick".The tally stick was marked with a knife.Each mark,or tally,indicated an amount of money.The?tally stick acted as a contract.

No one really knows who invented the tally stick,but King Henry I of England is credited as?the first to use the stick in a widespread fashion.In England,the tally stick was used from?1100-1826.Marks were made on a tally stick to represent the amount of service or goods that were?exchanged.The tally stick was cut in half lengthwise into two parts,and one stick was longer than?the other.The person giving services or goods received the longer end of the stick,called the"stock",and the person paying for the service or goods received the shorter end.Once the stick was?cut,it could not be altered.When put together,the two halves fit perfectly together.

Medieval England was not the only country to use the tally stick system.In 1960,Belgian?scientist Jean de Heinzelin de Braucourt discovered an extremely old tally stick made of baboon?bone in Africa.At first,he determined the stick to be between about 8,000 to 10,000 years old.This?surprised many people because it proved that the tally stick system had been in use for much longer?than everyone had previously thought.Further research has shown that this stick is actually much?older:now,scientists believe it is 20,000 years old.

The tally stick system may no longer be in use today,but its influence is still apparent.People?still make contracts and people still borrow and lend money.Peop

请阅读Passage 2，完成小题。

Passage 2

Paper money is used every day but people do not often think of money as just paper.This is?because people agree that it has value,and paper money is supported by the government.

People have used paper money for only a few hundred years,but what did people do before?printed money was invented?In Medieval England,a stick was the official representation of money.The common system that was used involved counting debt on a piece of wood called a"tally stick".The tally stick was marked with a knife.Each mark,or tally,indicated an amount of money.The?tally stick acted as a contract.

No one really knows who invented the tally stick,but King Henry I of England is credited as?the first to use the stick in a widespread fashion.In England,the tally stick was used from?1100-1826.Marks were made on a tally stick to represent the amount of service or goods that were?exchanged.The tally stick was cut in half lengthwise into two parts,and one stick was longer than?the other.The person giving services or goods received the longer end of the stick,called the"stock",and the person paying for the service or goods received the shorter end.Once the stick was?cut,it could not be altered.When put together,the two halves fit perfectly together.

Medieval England was not the only country to use the tally stick system.In 1960,Belgian?scientist Jean de Heinzelin de Braucourt discovered an extremely old tally stick made of baboon?bone in Africa.At first,he determined the stick to be between about 8,000 to 10,000 years old.This?surprised many people because it proved that the tally stick system had been in use for much longer?than everyone had previously thought.Further research has shown that this stick is actually much?older:now,scientists believe it is 20,000 years old.

The tally stick system may no longer be in use today,but its influence is still apparent.People?still make contracts and people still borrow and lend money.Peop

请阅读Passage 2，完成小题。

Passage 2

Paper money is used every day but people do not often think of money as just paper.This is?because people agree that it has value,and paper money is supported by the government.

People have used paper money for only a few hundred years,but what did people do before?printed money was invented?In Medieval England,a stick was the official representation of money.The common system that was used involved counting debt on a piece of wood called a"tally stick".The tally stick was marked with a knife.Each mark,or tally,indicated an amount of money.The?tally stick acted as a contract.

No one really knows who invented the tally stick,but King Henry I of England is credited as?the first to use the stick in a widespread fashion.In England,the tally stick was used from?1100-1826.Marks were made on a tally stick to represent the amount of service or goods that were?exchanged.The tally stick was cut in half lengthwise into two parts,and one stick was longer than?the other.The person giving services or goods received the longer end of the stick,called the"stock",and the person paying for the service or goods received the shorter end.Once the stick was?cut,it could not be altered.When put together,the two halves fit perfectly together.

Medieval England was not the only country to use the tally stick system.In 1960,Belgian?scientist Jean de Heinzelin de Braucourt discovered an extremely old tally stick made of baboon?bone in Africa.At first,he determined the stick to be between about 8,000 to 10,000 years old.This?surprised many people because it proved that the tally stick system had been in use for much longer?than everyone had previously thought.Further research has shown that this stick is actually much?older:now,scientists believe it is 20,000 years old.

The tally stick system may no longer be in use today,but its influence is still apparent.People?still make contracts and people still borrow and lend money.Peop

请阅读Passage 2，完成小题。

Passage 2

Paper money is used every day but people do not often think of money as just paper.This is?because people agree that it has value,and paper money is supported by the government.

People have used paper money for only a few hundred years,but what did people do before?printed money was invented?In Medieval England,a stick was the official representation of money.The common system that was used involved counting debt on a piece of wood called a"tally stick".The tally stick was marked with a knife.Each mark,or tally,indicated an amount of money.The?tally stick acted as a contract.

No one really knows who invented the tally stick,but King Henry I of England is credited as?the first to use the stick in a widespread fashion.In England,the tally stick was used from?1100-1826.Marks were made on a tally stick to represent the amount of service or goods that were?exchanged.The tally stick was cut in half lengthwise into two parts,and one stick was longer than?the other.The person giving services or goods received the longer end of the stick,called the"stock",and the person paying for the service or goods received the shorter end.Once the stick was?cut,it could not be altered.When put together,the two halves fit perfectly together.

Medieval England was not the only country to use the tally stick system.In 1960,Belgian?scientist Jean de Heinzelin de Braucourt discovered an extremely old tally stick made of baboon?bone in Africa.At first,he determined the stick to be between about 8,000 to 10,000 years old.This?surprised many people because it proved that the tally stick system had been in use for much longer?than everyone had previously thought.Further research has shown that this stick is actually much?older:now,scientists believe it is 20,000 years old.

The tally stick system may no longer be in use today,but its influence is still apparent.People?still make contracts and people still borrow and lend money.Peop

请阅读Passage 2，完成小题。

Passage 2

Paper money is used every day but people do not often think of money as just paper.This is?because people agree that it has value,and paper money is supported by the government.

People have used paper money for only a few hundred years,but what did people do before?printed money was invented?In Medieval England,a stick was the official representation of money.The common system that was used involved counting debt on a piece of wood called a"tally stick".The tally stick was marked with a knife.Each mark,or tally,indicated an amount of money.The?tally stick acted as a contract.

No one really knows who invented the tally stick,but King Henry I of England is credited as?the first to use the stick in a widespread fashion.In England,the tally stick was used from?1100-1826.Marks were made on a tally stick to represent the amount of service or goods that were?exchanged.The tally stick was cut in half lengthwise into two parts,and one stick was longer than?the other.The person giving services or goods received the longer end of the stick,called the"stock",and the person paying for the service or goods received the shorter end.Once the stick was?cut,it could not be altered.When put together,the two halves fit perfectly together.

Medieval England was not the only country to use the tally stick system.In 1960,Belgian?scientist Jean de Heinzelin de Braucourt discovered an extremely old tally stick made of baboon?bone in Africa.At first,he determined the stick to be between about 8,000 to 10,000 years old.This?surprised many people because it proved that the tally stick system had been in use for much longer?than everyone had previously thought.Further research has shown that this stick is actually much?older:now,scientists believe it is 20,000 years old.

The tally stick system may no longer be in use today,but its influence is still apparent.People?still make contracts and people still borrow and lend money.Peop

In the following activities, which one needs most control

What type of approach does the student apply to listening according to what he describes

"When I listen to English tapes, I am always worried about my limited vocabulary． I tend tofigure out its actual meaning when coming across an unknown word, so that stop makes me miss thenext part of the speech．"

When we meet another person for the first time，we are actually flooded with new information．

Almost at once，we notice his appearance，style of dress，and manner of speech．Furthermore，as we listen to what he has to say and observe the things he does，we begin to form some ideas of what kind of person he is and what he intends to do．As you know from your own experience，though，we do not only gather these separate pieces of information．Instead，we go further and combine them into a unified picture．In short．we form an overall impression of each person we meet—an impression that can be favorable or unfavorable．But how precisely do we perform this taskHow do we combine so much different information into a clear first impression with such quick speedA great deal of research has been performed on this question，and results point to the following answer：We perform this task through a special type of averaging．

Expressed very simply our impressions of others seem to represent a weighted average of all information that can be gathered about them．That is，they reflect a process in which all information we have about others is averaged together-but with some facts，or input receiving greater sense．For example，in forming an impression of a new boss you would probably be influenced to a much greater

degree by how this person gives you orders(whether respectfully or not)than by the color of his or her eyes．The fact that not all information about other persons affects our impressions of them to the same degree，raises an important question：Just what kinds of input receive the greatest weightAgain research provides some revealing answers．

This passage is mainly about_______．

Passage 2

Soon after starting his job as superintendent of the Memphis, Tenn., public schools, KrinerCash ordered an assessment of his new district′s 104,000 students. The findings were depressing:nearly a third had been held back at least one academic year. The high school graduation rate hadfallen to 67%. One in five dropped out. But what most concerned him was that the number ofstudents considered "highly mobile", meaning they had moved at least once during the school year,had ballooned to 34,000, partly because of the home-foreclosure crisis. At least 1,500 students werehomeless--probably more. "I had a whole array of students who were angry, depressed, not gettingthe rest they needed," Cash says. It led him to consider an unusual proposition: What if the best wayto help kids in impoverished urban neighborhoods is to get them out

Cash is now calling for Memphis to create a residential school for 300 to 400 kids whoseparents are in financial distress, with a live-in faculty rivaling those of elite New England prepschools. IfCash′s dream becomes a reality, it will probably look a lot like SEED, a charter school inSoutheast Washington, which stands for Schools for Educational Evolution and Development. Its320 students--seventh-to 12th-graders--should live on campus five days a week. They are expectedto adhere to a strict dress code and keep their room tidy. There are computers in the dorm′scommon areas, and each student in grades 10 and above is given a desktop computer. At 11:30 everynight, it′s lights out.

In his plan for Memphis, Cash wants even more time. Perhaps the most provocative aspect ofhis proposal is to focus on students in grades 3 through 5 for homelessness is growing sharply amongkids at that critical age, when much of their educational foundation is set, Cash says. His aim: toprevent illiteracy and clear other learning roadblocks early, so the problem "won′t migrate intomiddle and high school". Students will remain on campus year-round. The school would cost up to$ 50,000 a day to operate--three times the cost of a traditional day school with more than twice asmany students. "It sounds very exciting, but the devil is in the details," says Ellen Bassuk, presidentof the National Center on Family Homelessness in Newton, Mass.

What is Kriner Cash worried about most after knowing the result of the assessment

When we meet another person for the first time，we are actually flooded with new information．

Almost at once，we notice his appearance，style of dress，and manner of speech．Furthermore，as we listen to what he has to say and observe the things he does，we begin to form some ideas of what kind of person he is and what he intends to do．As you know from your own experience，though，we do not only gather these separate pieces of information．Instead，we go further and combine them into a unified picture．In short．we form an overall impression of each person we meet—an impression that can be favorable or unfavorable．But how precisely do we perform this taskHow do we combine so much different information into a clear first impression with such quick speedA great deal of research has been performed on this question，and results point to the following answer：We perform this task through a special type of averaging．

Expressed very simply our impressions of others seem to represent a weighted average of all information that can be gathered about them．That is，they reflect a process in which all information we have about others is averaged together-but with some facts，or input receiving greater sense．For example，in forming an impression of a new boss you would probably be influenced to a much greater

degree by how this person gives you orders(whether respectfully or not)than by the color of his or her eyes．The fact that not all information about other persons affects our impressions of them to the same degree，raises an important question：Just what kinds of input receive the greatest weightAgain research provides some revealing answers．

According to the passage，the first impression is_______．

Passage 2

Soon after starting his job as superintendent of the Memphis, Tenn., public schools, KrinerCash ordered an assessment of his new district′s 104,000 students. The findings were depressing:nearly a third had been held back at least one academic year. The high school graduation rate hadfallen to 67%. One in five dropped out. But what most concerned him was that the number ofstudents considered "highly mobile", meaning they had moved at least once during the school year,had ballooned to 34,000, partly because of the home-foreclosure crisis. At least 1,500 students werehomeless--probably more. "I had a whole array of students who were angry, depressed, not gettingthe rest they needed," Cash says. It led him to consider an unusual proposition: What if the best wayto help kids in impoverished urban neighborhoods is to get them out

Cash is now calling for Memphis to create a residential school for 300 to 400 kids whoseparents are in financial distress, with a live-in faculty rivaling those of elite New England prepschools. IfCash′s dream becomes a reality, it will probably look a lot like SEED, a charter school inSoutheast Washington, which stands for Schools for Educational Evolution and Development. Its320 students--seventh-to 12th-graders--should live on campus five days a week. They are expectedto adhere to a strict dress code and keep their room tidy. There are computers in the dorm′scommon areas, and each student in grades 10 and above is given a desktop computer. At 11:30 everynight, it′s lights out.

In his plan for Memphis, Cash wants even more time. Perhaps the most provocative aspect ofhis proposal is to focus on students in grades 3 through 5 for homelessness is growing sharply amongkids at that critical age, when much of their educational foundation is set, Cash says. His aim: toprevent illiteracy and clear other learning roadblocks early, so the problem "won′t migrate intomiddle and high school". Students will remain on campus year-round. The school would cost up to$ 50,000 a day to operate--three times the cost of a traditional day school with more than twice asmany students. "It sounds very exciting, but the devil is in the details," says Ellen Bassuk, presidentof the National Center on Family Homelessness in Newton, Mass.

From the passage, we learn that the students in SEED __________.

When we meet another person for the first time，we are actually flooded with new information．

Almost at once，we notice his appearance，style of dress，and manner of speech．Furthermore，as we listen to what he has to say and observe the things he does，we begin to form some ideas of what kind of person he is and what he intends to do．As you know from your own experience，though，we do not only gather these separate pieces of information．Instead，we go further and combine them into a unified picture．In short．we form an overall impression of each person we meet—an impression that can be favorable or unfavorable．But how precisely do we perform this taskHow do we combine so much different information into a clear first impression with such quick speedA great deal of research has been performed on this question，and results point to the following answer：We perform this task through a special type of averaging．

Expressed very simply our impressions of others seem to represent a weighted average of all information that can be gathered about them．That is，they reflect a process in which all information we have about others is averaged together-but with some facts，or input receiving greater sense．For example，in forming an impression of a new boss you would probably be influenced to a much greater

degree by how this person gives you orders(whether respectfully or not)than by the color of his or her eyes．The fact that not all information about other persons affects our impressions of them to the same degree，raises an important question：Just what kinds of input receive the greatest weightAgain research provides some revealing answers．

Research has shown that first impressions are generally more influenced by_______．

Passage 2

Soon after starting his job as superintendent of the Memphis, Tenn., public schools, KrinerCash ordered an assessment of his new district′s 104,000 students. The findings were depressing:nearly a third had been held back at least one academic year. The high school graduation rate hadfallen to 67%. One in five dropped out. But what most concerned him was that the number ofstudents considered "highly mobile", meaning they had moved at least once during the school year,had ballooned to 34,000, partly because of the home-foreclosure crisis. At least 1,500 students werehomeless--probably more. "I had a whole array of students who were angry, depressed, not gettingthe rest they needed," Cash says. It led him to consider an unusual proposition: What if the best wayto help kids in impoverished urban neighborhoods is to get them out

Cash is now calling for Memphis to create a residential school for 300 to 400 kids whoseparents are in financial distress, with a live-in faculty rivaling those of elite New England prepschools. IfCash′s dream becomes a reality, it will probably look a lot like SEED, a charter school inSoutheast Washington, which stands for Schools for Educational Evolution and Development. Its320 students--seventh-to 12th-graders--should live on campus five days a week. They are expectedto adhere to a strict dress code and keep their room tidy. There are computers in the dorm′scommon areas, and each student in grades 10 and above is given a desktop computer. At 11:30 everynight, it′s lights out.

In his plan for Memphis, Cash wants even more time. Perhaps the most provocative aspect ofhis proposal is to focus on students in grades 3 through 5 for homelessness is growing sharply amongkids at that critical age, when much of their educational foundation is set, Cash says. His aim: toprevent illiteracy and clear other learning roadblocks early, so the problem "won′t migrate intomiddle and high school". Students will remain on campus year-round. The school would cost up to$ 50,000 a day to operate--three times the cost of a traditional day school with more than twice asmany students. "It sounds very exciting, but the devil is in the details," says Ellen Bassuk, presidentof the National Center on Family Homelessness in Newton, Mass.

What does Ellen Bassuk imply by saying "It sounds very exciting.., details" (Para.3)

When we meet another person for the first time，we are actually flooded with new information．

Almost at once，we notice his appearance，style of dress，and manner of speech．Furthermore，as we listen to what he has to say and observe the things he does，we begin to form some ideas of what kind of person he is and what he intends to do．As you know from your own experience，though，we do not only gather these separate pieces of information．Instead，we go further and combine them into a unified picture．In short．we form an overall impression of each person we meet—an impression that can be favorable or unfavorable．But how precisely do we perform this taskHow do we combine so much different information into a clear first impression with such quick speedA great deal of research has been performed on this question，and results point to the following answer：We perform this task through a special type of averaging．

Expressed very simply our impressions of others seem to represent a weighted average of all information that can be gathered about them．That is，they reflect a process in which all information we have about others is averaged together-but with some facts，or input receiving greater sense．For example，in forming an impression of a new boss you would probably be influenced to a much greater

degree by how this person gives you orders(whether respectfully or not)than by the color of his or her eyes．The fact that not all information about other persons affects our impressions of them to the same degree，raises an important question：Just what kinds of input receive the greatest weightAgain research provides some revealing answers．

The word“weight”in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to_______．

Passage 2

Soon after starting his job as superintendent of the Memphis, Tenn., public schools, KrinerCash ordered an assessment of his new district′s 104,000 students. The findings were depressing:nearly a third had been held back at least one academic year. The high school graduation rate hadfallen to 67%. One in five dropped out. But what most concerned him was that the number ofstudents considered "highly mobile", meaning they had moved at least once during the school year,had ballooned to 34,000, partly because of the home-foreclosure crisis. At least 1,500 students werehomeless--probably more. "I had a whole array of students who were angry, depressed, not gettingthe rest they needed," Cash says. It led him to consider an unusual proposition: What if the best wayto help kids in impoverished urban neighborhoods is to get them out

Cash is now calling for Memphis to create a residential school for 300 to 400 kids whoseparents are in financial distress, with a live-in faculty rivaling those of elite New England prepschools. IfCash′s dream becomes a reality, it will probably look a lot like SEED, a charter school inSoutheast Washington, which stands for Schools for Educational Evolution and Development. Its320 students--seventh-to 12th-graders--should live on campus five days a week. They are expectedto adhere to a strict dress code and keep their room tidy. There are computers in the dorm′scommon areas, and each student in grades 10 and above is given a desktop computer. At 11:30 everynight, it′s lights out.

In his plan for Memphis, Cash wants even more time. Perhaps the most provocative aspect ofhis proposal is to focus on students in grades 3 through 5 for homelessness is growing sharply amongkids at that critical age, when much of their educational foundation is set, Cash says. His aim: toprevent illiteracy and clear other learning roadblocks early, so the problem "won′t migrate intomiddle and high school". Students will remain on campus year-round. The school would cost up to$ 50,000 a day to operate--three times the cost of a traditional day school with more than twice asmany students. "It sounds very exciting, but the devil is in the details," says Ellen Bassuk, presidentof the National Center on Family Homelessness in Newton, Mass.

Why does Cash want to concentrate on students from the third to the fifth grade

When we meet another person for the first time，we are actually flooded with new information．

Almost at once，we notice his appearance，style of dress，and manner of speech．Furthermore，as we listen to what he has to say and observe the things he does，we begin to form some ideas of what kind of person he is and what he intends to do．As you know from your own experience，though，we do not only gather these separate pieces of information．Instead，we go further and combine them into a unified picture．In short．we form an overall impression of each person we meet—an impression that can be favorable or unfavorable．But how precisely do we perform this taskHow do we combine so much different information into a clear first impression with such quick speedA great deal of research has been performed on this question，and results point to the following answer：We perform this task through a special type of averaging．

Expressed very simply our impressions of others seem to represent a weighted average of all information that can be gathered about them．That is，they reflect a process in which all information we have about others is averaged together-but with some facts，or input receiving greater sense．For example，in forming an impression of a new boss you would probably be influenced to a much greater

degree by how this person gives you orders(whether respectfully or not)than by the color of his or her eyes．The fact that not all information about other persons affects our impressions of them to the same degree，raises an important question：Just what kinds of input receive the greatest weightAgain research provides some revealing answers．

The following paragraph will most probably discuss_______．

Passage 2

Soon after starting his job as superintendent of the Memphis, Tenn., public schools, KrinerCash ordered an assessment of his new district′s 104,000 students. The findings were depressing:nearly a third had been held back at least one academic year. The high school graduation rate hadfallen to 67%. One in five dropped out. But what most concerned him was that the number ofstudents considered "highly mobile", meaning they had moved at least once during the school year,had ballooned to 34,000, partly because of the home-foreclosure crisis. At least 1,500 students werehomeless--probably more. "I had a whole array of students who were angry, depressed, not gettingthe rest they needed," Cash says. It led him to consider an unusual proposition: What if the best wayto help kids in impoverished urban neighborhoods is to get them out

Cash is now calling for Memphis to create a residential school for 300 to 400 kids whoseparents are in financial distress, with a live-in faculty rivaling those of elite New England prepschools. IfCash′s dream becomes a reality, it will probably look a lot like SEED, a charter school inSoutheast Washington, which stands for Schools for Educational Evolution and Development. Its320 students--seventh-to 12th-graders--should live on campus five days a week. They are expectedto adhere to a strict dress code and keep their room tidy. There are computers in the dorm′scommon areas, and each student in grades 10 and above is given a desktop computer. At 11:30 everynight, it′s lights out.

In his plan for Memphis, Cash wants even more time. Perhaps the most provocative aspect ofhis proposal is to focus on students in grades 3 through 5 for homelessness is growing sharply amongkids at that critical age, when much of their educational foundation is set, Cash says. His aim: toprevent illiteracy and clear other learning roadblocks early, so the problem "won′t migrate intomiddle and high school". Students will remain on campus year-round. The school would cost up to$ 50,000 a day to operate--three times the cost of a traditional day school with more than twice asmany students. "It sounds very exciting, but the devil is in the details," says Ellen Bassuk, presidentof the National Center on Family Homelessness in Newton, Mass.

What is the passage mainly about

There is／are_________consonant cluster(s)in the word“infrastructure”．

--Was it not until last week __________he decided to give up smoking

--No, he began__________ he saw the new film last month．

In English，the aspirated[ph]and the unaspirated[p]are____________．

--Jerry and Lucy must both like movies. I often meet them at the cinema.

-- __________is Lucy, not Jerry, who likes movies.

When he was driving home，he was stopped by the policeman and was_________of speeding．

In Austin’s speech act theory，a(n)__________act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something，in other words，the consequence of，or the change brought about by the utterance.

"Good/bad" is an example of__________.

一Eric nearly always wins the science award．

一That's because his project are_________．

Which of the following features is not involved in good textbooks

What is the teacher doing by saying“Now you are going to do this in pairs．”

The correct pronunciation of the underlined letters in the word "wanna" is __________.

In foreign language teaching．the target language was interpreted as a system of rules to be observed in texts and sentences，and to be related to the first language_______and meaning．

Environment makes __________we are. If we damage the environment, we′ ll endanger ourselves.

Methods of classroom assessment include teacher assessment, __________.

一Did the audience participate in the play

一Yes，those actors_________to involve the audience．

Teachers in a／an_______classroom are encouraged to show approval for each and every correct performance by their students．and the drills are designed to produce success for the students．

His experience abroad provides a wider __________on the problem.

When a teacher wants to test students′ listening skills, grammar, vocabulary andpronunciation, which of the following test format is the most suitable one

The song“Should old acquaintance be forgot and days of auld lang syne”is usually sung on the eve of_________．

Which of the following seating arrangements is most suitable for group discussion

Which of the following statements about lesson plan is NOT tree

When selecting listening materials，teachers try to make the language of a text________·

In the following sentence，_________is the best to match the meaning of“womanly”.“She would know he was alive and she would simply make waiting womanly and rational．”

Chomsky and others claimed that every normal human being was born with a(n)_______．

Teachers constantly reflect on what they do as a teacher and how their learners learn aslearners． With systematic reflections and research, they improve their teaching and their learners′learning． Here the teacher is playing the role of a(an)__________．

In the Communicative classrooms，the teacher might be a“_________”-engaging in communicative activities along with students．

“He likes reading novels．”________“He likes reading books．”

Passage 1

Frenchmen attach great importance to education. They regard the cultivation of children as asocial obligation. French education mixes warm romantic humor into its careful and severeeducation. I have ever heard such a story:

It took place in an ordinary French family. One day, when the boy was playing basketball, theball hit a vase offthe shelf with its mouth knocked ,off a large piece. The vase was an antique handeddown through generations from Bourbon Dynasty. To cover the great trouble, the boy glued thepieces together and put the vase back to its place panic-stricken.

That evening his mother noticed the change on it. At dinnertime, she asked her boy if he hadbroken the vase. Being scared of punishment, the boy said by a sudden inspiration that a cat jumpedin from the window and knocked the vase off the shelf. His mother was quite clear that her son waslying, for all the windows were closed before her leaving. However, she just said that it seemed itwas her carelessness not to have the window tightly closed.

Before going to bed, the boy found a note on his bed, on which he was asked to go to the study.

The boy had thought he had gotten by under false pretences, but then felt he couldn′t dodge themisfortune. Now that he had already lied, he made up his mind no matter what his mother said, hewould disavow to the end.

On seeing her son enter in fear, his mother took out a chocolate box and gave one piece of thechocolates to her son. "Baker, this chocolate is a reward for you, for you created a cat with yourspecial imagination." Then, she put another chocolate in his hand."This chocolate is a reward foryour ability to restore. But the glue you used is for restoring paper materials; to restore a vase needshigher special technique. Tomorrow, let′s bring the vase to the artists to see how they make acraftwork intact as it was." With that, she took the third chocolate, "The last chocolate stands for myapology. I shouldn′ t have laid a vase in a place where it could so easily fall down. I wish you hadn′ tbeen scared, my little sweetheart."

"But, Mom, I..." The boy tried to make something clear, but he awkwardly uttered nothing butsome words. "Our talk is over. Good night, Baker!" She gave a soft kiss on his forehead and walkedout of the study.

The following days were the same as before. The only change was that the boy had never told alie since then.

No scolding. It looks unimaginably queer. In fact, the three chocolates are the alarm in the boy′ sheart all the time. Sometimes, no punishment itself is a kind of punishment.

What does the underlined word "dodge" in 4th paragraph probably mean

A teacher asks the students to try to guess information or ideas that go beyond the literal meaning of the text．Which reading skill is the teacher using in reading

Passage 1

Frenchmen attach great importance to education. They regard the cultivation of children as asocial obligation. French education mixes warm romantic humor into its careful and severeeducation. I have ever heard such a story:

It took place in an ordinary French family. One day, when the boy was playing basketball, theball hit a vase offthe shelf with its mouth knocked ,off a large piece. The vase was an antique handeddown through generations from Bourbon Dynasty. To cover the great trouble, the boy glued thepieces together and put the vase back to its place panic-stricken.

That evening his mother noticed the change on it. At dinnertime, she asked her boy if he hadbroken the vase. Being scared of punishment, the boy said by a sudden inspiration that a cat jumpedin from the window and knocked the vase off the shelf. His mother was quite clear that her son waslying, for all the windows were closed before her leaving. However, she just said that it seemed itwas her carelessness not to have the window tightly closed.

Before going to bed, the boy found a note on his bed, on which he was asked to go to the study.

The boy had thought he had gotten by under false pretences, but then felt he couldn′t dodge themisfortune. Now that he had already lied, he made up his mind no matter what his mother said, hewould disavow to the end.

On seeing her son enter in fear, his mother took out a chocolate box and gave one piece of thechocolates to her son. "Baker, this chocolate is a reward for you, for you created a cat with yourspecial imagination." Then, she put another chocolate in his hand."This chocolate is a reward foryour ability to restore. But the glue you used is for restoring paper materials; to restore a vase needshigher special technique. Tomorrow, let′s bring the vase to the artists to see how they make acraftwork intact as it was." With that, she took the third chocolate, "The last chocolate stands for myapology. I shouldn′ t have laid a vase in a place where it could so easily fall down. I wish you hadn′ tbeen scared, my little sweetheart."

"But, Mom, I..." The boy tried to make something clear, but he awkwardly uttered nothing butsome words. "Our talk is over. Good night, Baker!" She gave a soft kiss on his forehead and walkedout of the study.

The following days were the same as before. The only change was that the boy had never told alie since then.

No scolding. It looks unimaginably queer. In fact, the three chocolates are the alarm in the boy′ sheart all the time. Sometimes, no punishment itself is a kind of punishment.

How did the boy feel when he found the note on his bed

Upon arriving home，1 was surprised to find the paper I had had_______was missing．

Passage 1

Frenchmen attach great importance to education. They regard the cultivation of children as asocial obligation. French education mixes warm romantic humor into its careful and severeeducation. I have ever heard such a story:

It took place in an ordinary French family. One day, when the boy was playing basketball, theball hit a vase offthe shelf with its mouth knocked ,off a large piece. The vase was an antique handeddown through generations from Bourbon Dynasty. To cover the great trouble, the boy glued thepieces together and put the vase back to its place panic-stricken.

That evening his mother noticed the change on it. At dinnertime, she asked her boy if he hadbroken the vase. Being scared of punishment, the boy said by a sudden inspiration that a cat jumpedin from the window and knocked the vase off the shelf. His mother was quite clear that her son waslying, for all the windows were closed before her leaving. However, she just said that it seemed itwas her carelessness not to have the window tightly closed.

Before going to bed, the boy found a note on his bed, on which he was asked to go to the study.

The boy had thought he had gotten by under false pretences, but then felt he couldn′t dodge themisfortune. Now that he had already lied, he made up his mind no matter what his mother said, hewould disavow to the end.

On seeing her son enter in fear, his mother took out a chocolate box and gave one piece of thechocolates to her son. "Baker, this chocolate is a reward for you, for you created a cat with yourspecial imagination." Then, she put another chocolate in his hand."This chocolate is a reward foryour ability to restore. But the glue you used is for restoring paper materials; to restore a vase needshigher special technique. Tomorrow, let′s bring the vase to the artists to see how they make acraftwork intact as it was." With that, she took the third chocolate, "The last chocolate stands for myapology. I shouldn′ t have laid a vase in a place where it could so easily fall down. I wish you hadn′ tbeen scared, my little sweetheart."

"But, Mom, I..." The boy tried to make something clear, but he awkwardly uttered nothing butsome words. "Our talk is over. Good night, Baker!" She gave a soft kiss on his forehead and walkedout of the study.

The following days were the same as before. The only change was that the boy had never told alie since then.

No scolding. It looks unimaginably queer. In fact, the three chocolates are the alarm in the boy′ sheart all the time. Sometimes, no punishment itself is a kind of punishment.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage

Inductive grammar teaching means students are not taught grammar rules________but are left to or induce rules from their experience of using the language．

Passage 1

Frenchmen attach great importance to education. They regard the cultivation of children as asocial obligation. French education mixes warm romantic humor into its careful and severeeducation. I have ever heard such a story:

It took place in an ordinary French family. One day, when the boy was playing basketball, theball hit a vase offthe shelf with its mouth knocked ,off a large piece. The vase was an antique handeddown through generations from Bourbon Dynasty. To cover the great trouble, the boy glued thepieces together and put the vase back to its place panic-stricken.

That evening his mother noticed the change on it. At dinnertime, she asked her boy if he hadbroken the vase. Being scared of punishment, the boy said by a sudden inspiration that a cat jumpedin from the window and knocked the vase off the shelf. His mother was quite clear that her son waslying, for all the windows were closed before her leaving. However, she just said that it seemed itwas her carelessness not to have the window tightly closed.

Before going to bed, the boy found a note on his bed, on which he was asked to go to the study.

The boy had thought he had gotten by under false pretences, but then felt he couldn′t dodge themisfortune. Now that he had already lied, he made up his mind no matter what his mother said, hewould disavow to the end.

On seeing her son enter in fear, his mother took out a chocolate box and gave one piece of thechocolates to her son. "Baker, this chocolate is a reward for you, for you created a cat with yourspecial imagination." Then, she put another chocolate in his hand."This chocolate is a reward foryour ability to restore. But the glue you used is for restoring paper materials; to restore a vase needshigher special technique. Tomorrow, let′s bring the vase to the artists to see how they make acraftwork intact as it was." With that, she took the third chocolate, "The last chocolate stands for myapology. I shouldn′ t have laid a vase in a place where it could so easily fall down. I wish you hadn′ tbeen scared, my little sweetheart."

"But, Mom, I..." The boy tried to make something clear, but he awkwardly uttered nothing butsome words. "Our talk is over. Good night, Baker!" She gave a soft kiss on his forehead and walkedout of the study.

The following days were the same as before. The only change was that the boy had never told alie since then.

No scolding. It looks unimaginably queer. In fact, the three chocolates are the alarm in the boy′ sheart all the time. Sometimes, no punishment itself is a kind of punishment.

What would be the best title for the passage

Which of the following activities is most suitable for individual work

Passage 1

Frenchmen attach great importance to education. They regard the cultivation of children as asocial obligation. French education mixes warm romantic humor into its careful and severeeducation. I have ever heard such a story:

It took place in an ordinary French family. One day, when the boy was playing basketball, theball hit a vase offthe shelf with its mouth knocked ,off a large piece. The vase was an antique handeddown through generations from Bourbon Dynasty. To cover the great trouble, the boy glued thepieces together and put the vase back to its place panic-stricken.

That evening his mother noticed the change on it. At dinnertime, she asked her boy if he hadbroken the vase. Being scared of punishment, the boy said by a sudden inspiration that a cat jumpedin from the window and knocked the vase off the shelf. His mother was quite clear that her son waslying, for all the windows were closed before her leaving. However, she just said that it seemed itwas her carelessness not to have the window tightly closed.

Before going to bed, the boy found a note on his bed, on which he was asked to go to the study.

The boy had thought he had gotten by under false pretences, but then felt he couldn′t dodge themisfortune. Now that he had already lied, he made up his mind no matter what his mother said, hewould disavow to the end.

On seeing her son enter in fear, his mother took out a chocolate box and gave one piece of thechocolates to her son. "Baker, this chocolate is a reward for you, for you created a cat with yourspecial imagination." Then, she put another chocolate in his hand."This chocolate is a reward foryour ability to restore. But the glue you used is for restoring paper materials; to restore a vase needshigher special technique. Tomorrow, let′s bring the vase to the artists to see how they make acraftwork intact as it was." With that, she took the third chocolate, "The last chocolate stands for myapology. I shouldn′ t have laid a vase in a place where it could so easily fall down. I wish you hadn′ tbeen scared, my little sweetheart."

"But, Mom, I..." The boy tried to make something clear, but he awkwardly uttered nothing butsome words. "Our talk is over. Good night, Baker!" She gave a soft kiss on his forehead and walkedout of the study.

The following days were the same as before. The only change was that the boy had never told alie since then.

No scolding. It looks unimaginably queer. In fact, the three chocolates are the alarm in the boy′ sheart all the time. Sometimes, no punishment itself is a kind of punishment.

what does the author intend to tell us