Directions:
Read the follwing text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 1. This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.
2. The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 3. But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.
4. The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and -16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.
To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists' first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 5. The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.
在15-16世纪对北美进行探索了一百多年之后，第一批乘船驶往新领域——即如今的美国——的移民们横渡了大西洋。
①结构分析：本句结构较为复杂，主句为The first shiploads of immigrants crossed the Atlantic，形容词短语bound for the territory修饰immigrants，因结构比较简单，可直接翻译为其前置定语，而定语从句which is now the United States修饰名词the territory，可翻译为前置定语，也可用破折号隔开，做补充说明；时间状语成分more than a hundred years after the 15th- and -16th-century explorations of North America较长，但逻辑顺序简单，可按事件发生顺序先翻译after之后的时间状语，然后翻译其之前的成分。
②内容要点分析：shipload指的是“一船的……”，为符合汉语习惯，可将the first shiploads of immigrants翻译为“第一批乘船的移民们”；territory原意是“领土；领域”，结合上下文，可翻译为“新领域”；为避免时间状语结构单一，可将名词短语explorations of North America翻译为动词结构“对北美进行探索”。
