资料：Upto80percentoftheworld’smi-名校题库网

资料：Up to 80 per cent of the world’s middle classes will live in developing countries by 2030 thanks to surprising recent gains in poverty reduction, according to a United Nations report published on Thursday.

“Never in history have the living conditions and prospects of so many people changed so dramatically and so fast.” concludes the UN’s latest Development Report. “The world is witnessing an epochal ‘global rebalancing’.”

Underpinning the improvements in the human development index（HDI） was rapid growth in countries such as China, India and Brazil, with China and India having doubled per capita economic output in less than 20 years. But the study stressed that growth and improvements in HDI spread far beyond the four Bric countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China, and included at least 40 countries that had accompanied greater economic dynamism with effective poverty-reduction policies.

Afghanistan, Sierra Leone, Ethiopia, Rwanda and Angola were among 14 countries that have recorded gains in HDI of more than 2 per cent a year since 2000. Partly as a result, the report found that worldwide extreme income poverty has plunged from 43 per cent in 1990 to just 22 per cent in 2008, including more than 500m being lifted out of poverty in China alone. The report stated that such gains had already helped the world achieve the main poverty eradication goal of the so-called Millennium Development Goals, which called for the share of people living on less than $1.25 a day to be cut by half from 1990 to 2015.

Underpinning this poverty reduction was developing countries’ increasing share of global trade, which grew from 25 per cent to 47 per cent between 1980 and 2010. “The south as a whole is driving global economic growth and societal change for the first time in centuries,” says the report.

The report found that trade among developing countries was the biggest factor in that expansion, increasing from less than 10 per cent of total global trade to more than 30 per cent. “Trade between countries in the south will overtake that between developed nations,” the report said.

All of the following are factors for poverty reduction except ______.

A.greater economic dynamism
B.aid from developed countries
C.changes of developing countries
D.trade among developing countries

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答案： B

本题解析：

本题考查的是细节理解。

【关键词】factors for poverty reduction；except

【主题句】第3自然段and included at least 40 countries that had accompanied greater economic dynamism with effective poverty-reduction policies.还有至少40个国家具有较高的经济活力，并出台了有效的扶贫政策。

第5自然段The south as a whole is driving global economic growth and societal change for the first time in centuries整个欠发达地区正在推动全球经济增长和社会改变，这在几个世纪以来还是首次。

第6自然段The report found that trade among developing countries was the biggest factor in that expansion,报告还发现，发展中国家之间的贸易是上述贸易增长的最大因素。

【解析】本题的问题是“下列各项皆为减少贫困的因素，除了______.”。A选项“较高的经济活力”，B选项“发达国家的援助”，C选项“发展中国家的改变”，D选项“发展中国家之间的贸易往来”。根据主题句1，选项A正确；根据主题句2，选项C正确；根据主题句3，选项D正确。文中并没有提到选项B的内容。