Whenresearchersfirstdiscovered-名校题库网

When researchers first discovered a link in the late 1990s between childhood adversity and chronic health problem later in life, the real revelation was how common those experiences were across all socioeconomic groups. But the first major study to focus on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) was limited to a single healthcare system in San Diego. A study published in JAMA Pediatrics- the largest nationally representative study to date on ACEs一confirms that these experiences are universal, yet highlights some disparities among socioeconomic groups.

The current study finds three out of five adults across the U.S. had at least one adverse experience in their childhood, such as divorce, a parent's death, physical or emotional abuse, or a family member's incarceration or substance abuse problem. A quarter of adults have at least three such experiences in childhood, which according to other research- increase their risk for most common chronic diseases, from heart disease and cancer to depression and substance abuse.

"This is the first study of this kind that alows us to talk about adverse childhood experience as a public health problem in the same way we talk about obesity or hypertension or any other highly prevalent population risk factor" says Adam Schickedanz, an assistant professor of pediatrics at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, who was not involved in the research. "Up until now,we haven't really had a study that takes a national look .

The study researchers, led by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention researcher Melissa T. Merrick, analyzed data from 214, 157 adults in 23 states recently. The participants answered 11 questions about whether they'd experienced what have now become well recognized as ACEs: parental separation or divorce, child abuse (physical, emotional and sexual ), domestic violence and living with someone who has been incarcerated or has a mental ilness or a substance use disorder.Nearly 62 percent of respondents had at least one ACE and a quarter reported three or more. The remaining respondents had at least two ACES, including 16 percent with four or more such experiences .Those identifying as black or Latino and those with less than a high school education or an annual income below $15,000 were more likely to have more ACES. Women, younger adults,unemployed people and those unable to work also tended to have more ACES. But Schickedant cautions that, while the disparities are real, it's important to recognize how common these experiences are among all people, including white and middle class families.”This study shows that ACEs affect people from all walks of life everywhere," he says.

This new study suggests that a need to target prevention resources where they can help most,says Jack Shonkoff, a professor of child health and development at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. This requires identifying what makes some people more susceptible than others to the effects of adversity,“Nobody is immune to adverse experiences in childhood but for some population groups, they're a larger burden of childhood adversity than others." he says.

What can we learn from the passage?

A.There are gender differences in the effect of ACEs
B.Genetics play an important role in health outcomes
C.Middle class families are more likely to have more ACEs
D.ACEs can exert lifelong impact on people's mental health

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答案： A

本题解析：

根据第三段Wormen, younger adults, unemployed people and those unable to work also tended to have more ACES.可知，女性往往有更多的不良经历，故A正确; B:基因对身体健康结果影响很大，原文未提到基因会造成影响，只说了不同种族，如拉丁裔籍，

以及高中以下学历或年收入低于1.5 万美元的人更有可能有更多不良经历。女性、年轻人、失业者和那些无法工作的人也往往有更多的不良经历。都不是“基因”造成的，故排除B。C:原文并未说中产阶级更容易有童年不良经历。原文提到中产阶级只说了:“Schickedant警告说,尽管这种差异是真实存在的,但重要的是要认识到这些经历在所有人当中有多么普遍，包括白人和中产阶级家庭。”意味着这些不良经历在中产阶级家庭中也存在而已,故排除C;D的“lfelong impact"文中未提及，排除。故本题选A。