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The purpose of a programming system is to make a computer easy to use.To do this,it furnishes languages and various facilities that are in fact programs invoked and controlled by language features.But these facilities are bought at a price:the external description of a programming system is ten to twenty times as large as the external description of the computer system itself.The user finds it far easier to specify any particular function,but there are far more to choose from,and far more options and formats to remember.
Ease of use is enhanced only if the time gained in functional specification exceeds the time lost in learning,remembering,and searching manuals.With modern programming systems this gain does exceed the cost,but in recent years the ratio of fain to cost seems to have fallen as more and more complex（）have been added.
Because ease of use is the purpose,this radio of function to conceptual complexity is the ultimate test of system design.Neither function alone nor simplicity alone（）a good design.
This point is widely misunderstood.Function,and not simplicity,has always been the measure of excellence for its designers.As soon as ease of use is held up as the criterion,each of these is seen to be（）,reaching for only half of the true goal.
For a given level of function,however,that system is best in which one can specify things with the most simplicity and straightforwardness.（）is not enough.Mooer’s TRAC language and Algol 68 achieve simplicity as measured by the number of distinct elementary concepts.
They are not,however,straightforward.The expression of the things one wants to do often requires involuted(复杂的）and unexpected combinations of the basic facilities.It is not enough to learn the elements and rules of combination;one must also learn the idiomatic usage,a whole lore of how the elements are combined in practice.Simplicity and straightforwardness proceed from conceptual（）.Every part must reflect the same philosophies and the same balancing of desiderata.Every part must use the same techniques in syntax and the analogous notions in semantics.Ease of use,then,dictates unity of design,conceptual integrity.
问题1选项
A.systems
B.functions
C.programs
D.manuals
问题2选项
A.defines
B.can be
C.constructs
D.costs
问题3选项
A.stabilize
B.equalized
C.unbalanced
D.balanced
问题4选项
A.Function
B.System
C.Straightforwardness
D.Simplicity
问题5选项
A.integrity
B.isolation
C.durability
D.consistency
一台主机的IP地址为202.123.25.36，掩码为255.255.254.0。如果该主机需要在该网络进行直接广播，那么它应该使用的目的地址为（ ）
在计算机系统的日常维护工作中，应当注意硬盘工作时不能__(2)__。另外，需要防范病毒，而__(3)__是不会被病毒感觉的。
有 4 个 IP 地址：201.117.15.254、201.117.17.01、201.117.24.5 和 201.117.29.3，如果子网掩码为 255.255.248.0，则这 4 个地址分别属于3个子网；其中属于同一个子网的是（）
在异步通信中，每个字符包含1位起始位、7位数据位、1位奇偶位和1位终止位，每秒钟传送200个字符，采用4相位调制，则码元速率为（）。
在 Windows 中，运行（ ）命令得到下图所示结果。以下关于该结果的叙述中，错误的是（ ）。
Pinging 59.74.111.8 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 59.74.111.8: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=60
Reply from 59.74.111.8: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=60
Reply from 59.74.111.8: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=60
Reply from 59.74.111.8: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=60
Ping statistics for 59.74.111.8:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 3ms, Maximum = 5ms, Average = 4ms
在ISO OSF/RM参考模型中，七层协议中的__(1)__利用通信子网提供的服务实现两个用户进程之间端到端的通信。在这个模型中，如果A用户需要通过网络向B用户传送数据，则首先将数据送入应用层，在该层给它附加控制信息后送入表示层；在表示层对数据进行必要的变换并加头标后送入会话层；在会话层加头标送入传输层；在传输层将数据分解为__(本题)__后送至网络层；在网络层将数据封装成__(3)__后送至数据链路层；在数据链路层将数据加上头标和尾标封装成__(4)__后发送到物理层；在物理层数据以__(5)__形式发送到物理线路。B用户所在的系统接收到数据后，层层剥去控制信息，把原数据传送给B用户。
在OSI/RM中，解释应用数据语义的协议层是（）。
在TCP/IP协议栈中，ARP协议的作用是（）,RARP协议的作用是（请作答此空）。
在地址 http://www.dailynews.com.cn/channel/welcome.htm 中，www.dailynews.com.cn 表示（ ），welcome.htm 表示（请作答此空）。
在电子表格软件Excel中，假设A1单元格的值为15，若在A2单元格输入“=AND(15＜A1，A1＜100)”，则A2单元格显示的值为 （）
