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发布时间： 2021-12-20 16:46
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Education is not an end, but a means to an end． In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them; our purpose is to prepare them for life. As soon as we realize this fact, we will understand that it is very important to choose a system of education which will really prepare children for life. It is not enough just to choose the first system of education one finds, or to continue with one's old system of education without examining it to see whether it is in fact suitable or not.
In many modern countries, it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all-whether rich or poor, clever or stupid-one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough; we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill. Because of their degrees, they refuse to do what they consider “low” work; and, in fact, work with the hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries.
But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor. We can live without education, but we will die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we would have terrible diseases in our towns. In countries where there are no servants because everyone is ashamed to do such work, scientists have to waste much of their time doing housework.
In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to prepare for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability, and secondly, we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and it is very bad to be ashame of one's work, or to scorn someone else's. Only such a type of education can be called valuable to society.
Cleaners and farmers do ____ scientists do.（ ）
本题解析：
从第三段We can live without education，but we die if we have no food.和If no one cleaned our streets...we would have terrible diseases in our towns.可以推断出清洁工、农民和教授的工作同等重要。
Education is not an end, but a means to an end． In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them; our purpose is to prepare them for life. As soon as we realize this fact, we will understand that it is very important to choose a system of education which will really prepare children for life. It is not enough just to choose the first system of education one finds, or to continue with one's old system of education without examining it to see whether it is in fact suitable or not.
In many modern countries, it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all-whether rich or poor, clever or stupid-one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough; we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill. Because of their degrees, they refuse to do what they consider “low” work; and, in fact, work with the hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries.
But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor. We can live without education, but we will die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we would have terrible diseases in our towns. In countries where there are no servants because everyone is ashamed to do such work, scientists have to waste much of their time doing housework.
In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to prepare for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability, and secondly, we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and it is very bad to be ashame of one's work, or to scorn someone else's. Only such a type of education can be called valuable to society.
In our country, the educational purpose is____.（ ）
本题解析：
从最后一段的第一句推断出我们国家的教育目的是教会孩子怎样生活。
Education is not an end, but a means to an end． In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them; our purpose is to prepare them for life. As soon as we realize this fact, we will understand that it is very important to choose a system of education which will really prepare children for life. It is not enough just to choose the first system of education one finds, or to continue with one's old system of education without examining it to see whether it is in fact suitable or not.
In many modern countries, it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all-whether rich or poor, clever or stupid-one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough; we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill. Because of their degrees, they refuse to do what they consider “low” work; and, in fact, work with the hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries.
But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor. We can live without education, but we will die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we would have terrible diseases in our towns. In countries where there are no servants because everyone is ashamed to do such work, scientists have to waste much of their time doing housework.
In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to prepare for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability, and secondly, we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and it is very bad to be ashame of one's work, or to scorn someone else's. Only such a type of education can be called valuable to society.
In many modern countries, children go to school____.（ ）
本题解析：
在第二段中谈到在许多现代国家，受过良好教育的人才要远远多于社会所提供的就业岗位，因为他们不屑于从事他们认为低等的行业。由此推断，现代国家的孩子上学就是为了摆脱那些他们认为低等的行业。
Education is not an end, but a means to an end． In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them; our purpose is to prepare them for life. As soon as we realize this fact, we will understand that it is very important to choose a system of education which will really prepare children for life. It is not enough just to choose the first system of education one finds, or to continue with one's old system of education without examining it to see whether it is in fact suitable or not.
In many modern countries, it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all-whether rich or poor, clever or stupid-one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough; we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill. Because of their degrees, they refuse to do what they consider “low” work; and, in fact, work with the hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries.
But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor. We can live without education, but we will die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we would have terrible diseases in our towns. In countries where there are no servants because everyone is ashamed to do such work, scientists have to waste much of their time doing housework.
In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to prepare for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability, and secondly, we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and it is very bad to be ashame of one's work, or to scorn someone else's. Only such a type of education can be called valuable to society.
Education is ____.（ ）
本题解析：
本文主要探讨教育问题。第一句就是主题句，给出了教育的定义。所以答案在第一段的第一句：Education is not an end, but a means to an end.
In ancient times wealth was measured and exchanged in things that could be touched: food, tools, and precious metals and stones. Then the barter system was replaced by coins, which still had real value since they were pieces of rare metal. Coins were followed by fiat money, paper notes that have value only because everyone agrees to accept them.
Today electronic monetary systems are gradually being introduced that will transform money into even less tangible forms, reducing it to a series of “bits and bytes”, or units of computerized information, going between machines at the speed of light. Already, electronic fund transfer allows money to be instantly sent and received by different banks, companies, and countries through computers and telecommunications devices.
Which of the following statements about computerized monetary systems is NOT supported by the passage?（ ）
本题解析：
根据文章第二段可知，现代货币系统是电子的，快捷便利，具有相当的规模，不受地域的限制等，可知C项不正确，故选C项。
In ancient times wealth was measured and exchanged in things that could be touched: food, tools, and precious metals and stones. Then the barter system was replaced by coins, which still had real value since they were pieces of rare metal. Coins were followed by fiat money, paper notes that have value only because everyone agrees to accept them.
Today electronic monetary systems are gradually being introduced that will transform money into even less tangible forms, reducing it to a series of “bits and bytes”, or units of computerized information, going between machines at the speed of light. Already, electronic fund transfer allows money to be instantly sent and received by different banks, companies, and countries through computers and telecommunications devices.
According to the passage, coins once had real value as currency because they ____.（ ）
本题解析：
根据文中第一段第二句中since they were pieces of rare metal指出，正是因为硬币自身存在价值才被用作货币。
In ancient times wealth was measured and exchanged in things that could be touched: food, tools, and precious metals and stones. Then the barter system was replaced by coins, which still had real value since they were pieces of rare metal. Coins were followed by fiat money, paper notes that have value only because everyone agrees to accept them.
Today electronic monetary systems are gradually being introduced that will transform money into even less tangible forms, reducing it to a series of “bits and bytes”, or units of computerized information, going between machines at the speed of light. Already, electronic fund transfer allows money to be instantly sent and received by different banks, companies, and countries through computers and telecommunications devices.
The author mentions food, tools and precious metals and stones together because they are all ____.（ ）
本题解析：
根据文中第一段第一句中所提到的things that could be touched可知，后面列举的东西都是真实可触及的物体。
In ancient times wealth was measured and exchanged in things that could be touched: food, tools, and precious metals and stones. Then the barter system was replaced by coins, which still had real value since they were pieces of rare metal. Coins were followed by fiat money, paper notes that have value only because everyone agrees to accept them.
Today electronic monetary systems are gradually being introduced that will transform money into even less tangible forms, reducing it to a series of “bits and bytes”, or units of computerized information, going between machines at the speed of light. Already, electronic fund transfer allows money to be instantly sent and received by different banks, companies, and countries through computers and telecommunications devices.
According to the passage, which of the following was the earliest kind of exchange of wealth?（ ）
本题解析：
根据文中第一段第一句可知，最早的财富交换形式是物物交换。
“When one of the doctors criticizes（批评）me, I get defensive. I feel like a child again, being scolded, and I want to explain that I'm not wrong,” says Viola, a nurse. This is a common reaction（反应）to criticism, but not a good one. There are better ways of dealing with criticism.
Try to be objective（客观的）. When Sol was criticized by his new employer for not having made a sale, Sol's reaction was to feel sorry for himself. “I had put everything I had into making that sale,” Sol says. “And I felt that I had failed as a person. I had to learn through experience not to react like that to each failure.”
Take time to cool down. Rather than react at once to criticism, take some time to think over what was said. Your first question should be whether the criticism is fair from the other person's position. The problem may be a simple misunderstanding of what you did or your reasons for doing it.
Take positive（积极的）action. After you cool down, consider what you can do about the situation. The best answer may be “nothing”. “I finally realized that my boss was having personal problems and taking them out on me because I was there,” says Sheila. “His criticisms didn't really have anything to do with my work, so nothing I said or did was going to change them.” In Sheila's case, the best way to deal with it was to leave her job. However, that's an extreme（极端的）reaction.
You may simply explain your opinion without expecting an in-depth(深入的) discussion. You may even decide that the battle isn't worth fighting this time. The key, in any case, is to have a reasonable plan.
The writer thinks Sheila can decide to leave her job because her boss ____.（ ）
本题解析：
根据上文的分析，我们可以判断，她的老板无端地把怒火撒到了希拉身上(her boss made an unreasonable criticism)，所以她才会辞职。
“When one of the doctors criticizes（批评）me, I get defensive. I feel like a child again, being scolded, and I want to explain that I'm not wrong,” says Viola, a nurse. This is a common reaction（反应）to criticism, but not a good one. There are better ways of dealing with criticism.
Try to be objective（客观的）. When Sol was criticized by his new employer for not having made a sale, Sol's reaction was to feel sorry for himself. “I had put everything I had into making that sale,” Sol says. “And I felt that I had failed as a person. I had to learn through experience not to react like that to each failure.”
Take time to cool down. Rather than react at once to criticism, take some time to think over what was said. Your first question should be whether the criticism is fair from the other person's position. The problem may be a simple misunderstanding of what you did or your reasons for doing it.
Take positive（积极的）action. After you cool down, consider what you can do about the situation. The best answer may be “nothing”. “I finally realized that my boss was having personal problems and taking them out on me because I was there,” says Sheila. “His criticisms didn't really have anything to do with my work, so nothing I said or did was going to change them.” In Sheila's case, the best way to deal with it was to leave her job. However, that's an extreme（极端的）reaction.
You may simply explain your opinion without expecting an in-depth(深入的) discussion. You may even decide that the battle isn't worth fighting this time. The key, in any case, is to have a reasonable plan.
When the writer says that “the best answer may be ‘nothing’”, he means you may decide ____.（ ）
本题解析：
“nothing”是针对其前一句而作出的回答，即冷静后想一下这种情况下你能做什么，最好的回答是“nothing”，也就是说，你什么也不用做，即不去理会这种批评(to take no notice of the criticism)。
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