Text 4 Visiting Oxford Street,a rwd fiUing wilh tatty shop,and overcrowded with people,is plainly a trial.Less plainly,levels of nitrogen dioxide（NO2）,a noxious gas,have been found to be around three times higher there Lhan the legal limit.In 2013 the annual mean concentration of N02 0n the street was one of the highest levels found anywhere in Europe.British air is far cleaner than it was a few decades ago.Fewer people use coal-burning stoves;old industrial plants have been decommissioned.But since 2009 levels of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter,coarse or fine particles that are linked to lung cancer and asthma,have fallen more slowly.The exact iiumber of deaths caused by dirty air is unknown.But in 2010 a govemment advisory group estimated that removing man-made fine particulate matter from the atmosphere woulcl in crease life expeclancy for ihose born in 2008 by an average of six months.Much of the slowdown is the result of fumes from diesel cars,which were championed by successive governments because they use less fuel and thus produce less carbon dioxide than petrol cars.In 2001 0nly 14%0f all cars ran on diesel;by 2013 the proportion had increased t0 35%.（Greener"hybrid"and elecLric cars have increased nine fold since 2006,but account for just 0.5%of the entire fleet.）Second-hand cars are particularly noxious,but even newer ones have not been as clean as hoped.Many cars that let out few pollutants in tests procluced more on the roads.Government's hesitation has not helped.Part of the problem is that several departmenLs are responsible for air pollution.This means nobody has taken a lead on it,complains Joan Walley,a Labour MP who chairs an environmental committee that has released a series of damning reports.And few politicians are keen to fire drivers.However,some improvements have been made.In 2008 a"low-enussion zone"was created in London,which targets large vans and coaches.A smaller"uhra low-enussion zone"has been proposed for 2020,which would charge all vehicles that are not of a certain standard 12.50 pounds a day.European Comnussion fines for breaching limits may encourage cities to do more.But oLher countries are more ambitious:60 such zones exist in Germany,targeting private cars as well as vans.In December Anne Hidalgo,the mayor of Paris,announced that she wanted to ban diesel cars by 2020.
Govemments try to reduce air pollution by______
细节题。定位到最后一段。govemments-词出现在第四段首句，而答案却来自第五段。第五段虽然没有提到“政府”一词，但都在讨论政府所做的一些举措，其中第二句就有答案提示In 2008 a“low-emission zone”was created in London．which targets large vans ancl coaches.选项[A]imposing extra taxes on vehicles“对汽车征收额外税收”；该项在整段都无体现，属于无中生有，故可以排除。[B]setting“no-emission zone”for cars"设立汽车无排放区”：原文说的是low-emission zone“低排放区”，而不是no-emission zone“无排放区”，显然，该项属于偷换概念。[C]cutting tail gas emission of vehicles“减少汽车尾气排放”；该项的culling tail gas emission=原文low-emission；vehicle=vans and coaches;故该项正确。[D]encouraging people not to drive cars“鼓励人们不开车”；该项属于无中生有。综上，本题答案为[C]。
