资料：Keeping the Zeal of a Startup as You Scale
There are many reasons that founder-led companies are so good at disrupting industries and making life miserable for slow-moving incumbents. But perhaps the most powerful is that founders create great insurgencies. They ignore established industry rules and boundaries. They create better ways to solve old problems. They disdain anything that blurs their focus on the front line. From top to bottom, they are at war against the industry leaders on behalf of undeserved customers.
Our research on what we call the “founder’s mentality” shows that maintaining a strong insurgent mission is critical to long-term, sustainable growth. But to compete long term, insurgent companies also need to develop scale and scope, which very often dulls their insurgent’s zeal. In many ways, this is because their perspective on the future slowly changes. Insurgents see the days ahead—both long and short term—as ripe with opportunity. They embrace change and chaos. They invest in whatever it takes to innovate new solutions for customers. Incumbents, on the other hand, very often see the future as a threat. As leaders invested heavily in the status quo, innovation and disruption are not good for them. Turbulence erodes profitability; innovation marginalizes their current product offerings. The future is not better.
The companies that find a way to achieve scale without losing their insurgent mission---we call them “Scale Insurgents”--remain acutely alert to this difference in perspective. They actively fight back against the very natural tendency to retreat behind the castle walls to avoid future change and turbulence. Instead, they do what in some companies might seem like heresy---they commit to disrupting their own insurgency. They know that acquiring the benefits of scale requires ruthless focus on a well-defined core business and a commitment to building the systems and processes to support it. But they aren’t wedded to their business model—they are wedded to what will serve their customers best. Rather than erecting defenses against the future, they embrace the notion of limitless horizons—the idea that a company can intelligently extend the boundaries of its core ever outward.
The word “heresy” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to______
本题考查的是语义判断。
【关键词】heresy；closest in meaning to
【主题句】第三段Instead, they do what in some companies might seem like heresy---they commit to disrupting their own insurgency.（而他们会做一些在别人眼里看上去像异端邪说的事情 — 他们承诺会破坏自己的叛乱。）
【解析】第4题问“第三段的“heresy”与以下哪个选项最接近？”。本题考查对于单词的理解。首先我们先判断该词的褒贬含义。在原文当中heresy后面出现了破折号（表示后面内容对前面解释说明），disrupt表示“破坏，干扰”，属于贬义词，所以可以判断出heresy应该是贬义。A选项“吃惊的猫”，B选项“聪明的想法”两个选项可以排除。heresy表示“异端邪说，标新立异的观点”，故C选项“邪恶的信仰”排除。D选项“非传统的观点”和heresy含义相近。
下列关于公司的表述，正确的是（）
以下各项列举了我国常见气象灾害与其发生地区的对应关系，其中正确的一项是（）
根据电视收视率调査，看体育节目的观众中青年人比中老年人要多。
由此可推断出（）
—种海洋蜗牛产生的毒素含有多种蛋白，把其中的一种给老鼠注射后，会使有两星期大或更小的老鼠陷入睡眠状态，而使大一点的老鼠躲藏起来。当老鼠受到突然的严重威胁时，非常小的那些老鼠的反应是呆住，而较大的那些老鼠会逃跑。
以上陈述的事实最有力地支持了以下哪项假说？（）
疾病控制中心对某校髙中三个年级的学生进行抽样做视力状况调查，抽样的方法为分层抽样（按比例抽样），若高中一、二、三年级学生人数分别为626、703、780，样本容量为84，则应从离二年级抽样的学生人数为多少？（）
