资料：KeepingtheZealofaStartupasY-名校题库网

资料：Keeping the Zeal of a Startup as You Scale

There are many reasons that founder-led companies are so good at disrupting industries and making life miserable for slow-moving incumbents. But perhaps the most powerful is that founders create great insurgencies. They ignore established industry rules and boundaries. They create better ways to solve old problems. They disdain anything that blurs their focus on the front line. From top to bottom, they are at war against the industry leaders on behalf of undeserved customers.

Our research on what we call the “founder’s mentality” shows that maintaining a strong insurgent mission is critical to long-term, sustainable growth. But to compete long term, insurgent companies also need to develop scale and scope, which very often dulls their insurgent’s zeal. In many ways, this is because their perspective on the future slowly changes. Insurgents see the days ahead—both long and short term—as ripe with opportunity. They embrace change and chaos. They invest in whatever it takes to innovate new solutions for customers. Incumbents, on the other hand, very often see the future as a threat. As leaders invested heavily in the status quo, innovation and disruption are not good for them. Turbulence erodes profitability; innovation marginalizes their current product offerings. The future is not better.

The companies that find a way to achieve scale without losing their insurgent mission---we call them “Scale Insurgents”--remain acutely alert to this difference in perspective. They actively fight back against the very natural tendency to retreat behind the castle walls to avoid future change and turbulence. Instead, they do what in some companies might seem like heresy---they commit to disrupting their own insurgency. They know that acquiring the benefits of scale requires ruthless focus on a well-defined core business and a commitment to building the systems and processes to support it. But they aren’t wedded to their business model—they are wedded to what will serve their customers best. Rather than erecting defenses against the future, they embrace the notion of limitless horizons—the idea that a company can intelligently extend the boundaries of its core ever outward.

According to paragraph l, why are founder-led companies often considered as “insurgents”?

A.Because they often get more supports from the customers
B.Because they often damage the market order
C.Because they often challenge the old companies in many ways
D.Because they often make more momey than old companies

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答案： C

本题解析：

本题考查的是细节理解。

【关键词】why；founder-led companies；considered as；insurgents

【主题句】第一段There are many reasons that founder-led companies are so good at disrupting industries and making life miserable for slow-moving incumbents.（创始人领导的公司擅长扰乱行业，使缓慢前行的领导地位企业举步维艰。）They ignore established industry rules and boundaries. They create better ways to solve old problems. They disdain anything that blurs their focus on the front line. From top to bottom, they are at war against the industry leaders on behalf of undeserved customers.（他们不顾已建立的行业规则和界线。他们创造解决老问题的更好方法。他们将重点放在前线，鄙视妨碍他们视线的任何事物。从上到下，他们代表受冤的消费者与行业领袖对抗。）

【解析】第1题问“根据第一段，为什么创始人领导的公司（founder-led companies）通常被看成叛乱？”。文中第一段提到创始人领导的公司特点包括：1.忽略已建立的行业规则和界线；2. 创造解决老问题的更好方法；3. 将重点放在前线，鄙视妨碍他们视线的任何事物；4. 他们与行业领袖对抗。A选项“他们通常从消费者那得到更多的支持”，文中只说了他们代表受冤的消费者，但并未说得到消费者的支持，故排除。B选项“他们通常会破坏市场秩序”，原文只是在说他们忽略规则，并未破坏规则，信息有误，故排除。C选项“他们通常在很多方面挑战老牌公司”，文章在一开始提到创始人创办的公司在挑战老牌公司，并在下文举出多个例子论述该点，故该选项应为正确答案。D选项“因为他们通常比老牌公司收入更多”，该选项并未在文中提及。