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资料：Directions : There is 1 passage in this part. The passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices , You should decide on the best choice.

Your face is the future of smartphone security. Apple made that clear last week when it unveiled the pricey iPhone X. Apple claims to have conquered many of the challenges that have prevented the widespread use offacial biometrics. But a number of computer-vision researchers say they are skeptical that a smartphone-based system like FaceID can account for things like variable lighting conditions or subtle changes in a person's appearance to create a secure-yet-practical way to unlock a phone a dozen or more times a day.

Apple’s new technology does sound promising. The company says FaceID creates a “precise depth map” of one’s visage by projecting more than 30,000 infrared dots against a person’s face, then using the phone’s infrared TrueDepth camera and high-power microchip to collect and analyze the results. Users are also asked to turn their head as they scan so the phone's machine-learning algorithm can measure the face from several angles and create a more detailed 3-D map of their features. Once the map is created and stored, the iPhone X uses infrared light to help FaceID scan a person’s face even in the dark. Meanwhile, machine-learning algorithms running on the phonekeep track of changes in a person's appearance—including glasses, facial hair and hats—so the smartphone’s accuracy improves over time.

Despite advances in facial recognition in recent years, it remains unclear whether FaceID will work in a variety of conditions while also keeping the iPhone X secure. Hackers, for example, quickly found a way to bypass the Samsung Galaxy S8's facial-recognition scanner when it was introduced in March: They tricked the device by simply showing it a photo of the user. FaceID’s use of 3-D facial maps could address that problem. But historically it has been a big challenge for such a system to recognize faces under different lighting conditions and from a variety of angles.

Apple showed off FaceID last week under relatively controlled conditions, says Arun Ross, a professor of computer science and engineering at Michigan State University. "Clearly the demo was very interesting," he says. "But at the same time some extraordinary claims were made." Apple' s Schiller said, for example, that the chance a random person' s face could unlock someone else' s iPhone X was one in a million——much more secure than TouchID. Ross says, however, that it is not clear how often FaceID fails to recognize its owner. When contacted, Apple declined to elaborate on Schiller' s comments.

“Like all biometrics, FaceID will have a problem with revocation,” says Vitaly Shmatikov, a computer science professor at Cornell Tech. “If a password is compromised, it can be changed—but a face cannot be changed.” Apple touts its ability to secure data on its iPhones, which do not share biometric information with the company’s servers. Still, Ross says, hackers always seem to find a way around even the tightest security.

What does Arun Ross mean by “relatively controlled condition”?

A.To start an explanation of FaceID' s using condition
B.To mention that Apple Inc. shows their new product under a well designed environment
C.To imply that FaceID has its limits
D.To add a context explanation of the interesting demo

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答案： C

本题解析：

本题考查的是细节理解。

【关键词】relatively controlled conditions ；Arun Ross； mean

【主题句】第4自然段Apple showed off FaceID last week under relatively controlled conditions, says Arun Ross, a professor of computer science and engineering at Michigan State University. 密歇根州立大学计算机科学与工程教授阿伦?罗斯说，“苹果公司上周在相对可控的条件下炫耀了FaceID。”Ross says, however, that it is not clear how often FaceID fails to recognize its owner“罗斯说，尽管如此，还不清楚FaceID不能识别机主的频率是多少。”

【解析】题目意为“什么是阿伦?罗斯所说的“相对控制条件”？”选项A意为“开始解释面部识别的使用条件”；选项B意为“强调苹果公司在一个设计良好的环境下展示他们的新产品”；选项C意为“暗示面部识别有限制”；选项D意为“添加一个有趣的演示情境的解释”。第二、三段在说“对FaceID是否能在不同条件下正常使用不确定”，第四段紧接着说了iPhone X发布会上苹果公司炫耀FaceID的条件是相对可控的。后面罗斯又对识别率提出了质疑。通过前后对比及该段的语境可知，Arun Ross这里用relatively controlled conditions其实就是暗指FaceID存在使用限制，苹果发布会上展示的之所以如此炫彩，是因为他们所利用的条件是相对可控的。