资料：Demystifyinghowsocialandhum-名校题库网

资料：Demystifying how social and human-like robots work is vital so that we can understand and shape how they will affect our future, Dr Hatice Gunes will tell the Hay Festival next week. (1)

　　Fear mongering and myth-making about human-like and social robots is stopping us from engaging with the technology behind them and having an input into how they—and we—evolve, says Hatice Gunes, Associate Professor at University of Cambridge's Computer Laboratory. (2)

　　Dr Gunes will be speaking about her research at the Hay Festival on 1st June and says we need to move beyond sensationalist portrayals of human-like robot. Her Hay talk will centre on human robot interaction [ HRI] and how it can be used for our benefit, for instance, for helping children with autism learn how to read expressions and to stimulate the senses of elderly people in care. (3)

　　Dr Gunes will outline how HRI works. She says it has to be believable in order to be effective. That means robots’ appearance is very important. This is what has driven the development of humanoid robots with arms and aspects of a human face which can behave in a human-like way, for instance, moving their arms, legs and eyes. However, more important than appearance is their behaviour and emotional expressivity. Dr Gunes refers to the way we relate to Disney’s animated characters. “People believe in them because they can portray emotion,” she says. (4)

　　To achieve expressivity requires an understanding of how human emotions are portrayed and triggered. Scientists have been working on artificial emotional intelligence which enables new technology such as embodied agents and robots to both express and detect emotions, understanding non-verbal cues. Dr Gunes cites the work of Charles Darwin on the visual nature of emotions and how they can be mapped to various changes in facial expressions. (5)

　　Her research investigates how humanoids can be programmed not only to extract and respond to facial clues to emotions, but also to understand the context in which those emotions are expressed. That means they will be able to offer a response that is sensitive to specific contexts. (6)

　　Will robots ever be able to have emotions themselves though? Dr Gunes says there is no reason why not and questions what emotions are. The process of working with robots on artificial emotional intelligence unpicks the nature of our emotions, showing them to be a layering of different goals, experiences and stimuli. (7)

　　 Another area which scientists are looking at in their quest to improve humanoids’ believability is personality. Dr Gunes has done a lot of work on personality in telepresence robotics, robots controlled remotely by a human—a kind of 3D avatar. These can be used in many ways, for instance, by medical staff to offer remote home care. The medical person can be based anywhere and operate the robot through a virtual headset. Dr Gunes is interested in how people react to the teleoperator (the human controlling the robot remotely) who is present in robot form. Once again, both the robot’s physical appearance and behaviour are important and research shows that their personality needs to be task dependent. (8)

　　Dr Gunes says there remain some big challenges for scientists working on HRI, including how to process and combine all the different data they are gathering, how to modify their appearance and behaviour dynamically, and how to keep their power going 24/7. The major challenges, however, are to do with breaking down some of the myths and fears people have about humanoids. (9)

　　 Part of this is because they don’t understand the benefits humanoid robots can bring and why, for instance, they need to take on a human form and understand emotions. She says humanoids can be positive in terms of increasing trust and engagement among certain groups, such as the elderly; that humans tends to anthropomorphise technology in any event; and that robots can be programmed to be limited to positive emotions that promote altruism. (10)

　　“People tend to love or hate robots, but they don’t really know a lot abou

A.With the development of human robot interaction, robots ae now able to communicate with humans in an effective way
B.Scientists have many challenges in developing robots, such as how to modify their appearance and behavior
C.Human emotions enable robots to win the trust from human, especially the elderly and children
D.It is important to help people understand robots in order to develop robots to human needs

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答案： D

本题解析：

本题考查的是主旨大意。

【关键词】the main idea

【主题句】第1自然段Demystifying how social and human-like robots work is vital so that we can understand and shape how they will affect our future, Dr Hatice Gunes will tell the Hay Festival next week. （1）揭开社交机器人和类人机器人如何工作的神秘面纱至关重要，这样我们才能了解并改造它们将影响未来人类的方式，Hatice Gunes博士将在下周的海伊艺术节发表演讲。（1）

第12自然段She adds: “Understanding robots will empower people so they can help to shape them to do good. The public is usually on the receiving end of new technology. Demystifying robots gives people back the power to push for change and create the robots they want.” （12）她补充说:“了解机器人会使人类拥有强大的力量，这样人类就可以帮助改造它们来做有益的事。。”公众通常是新技术的接受者。揭开机器人的神秘面纱可以让人们重新获得力量，来推动变革，并创造他们想要的机器人。”（12）

【解析】本题的问题是：这篇文章的中心思想是？选项A意为“随着人机交互技术的发展，机器人现在能够有效地与人类进行交流。”选项B意为“科学家在开发机器人时面临许多挑战，例如如何修改机器人的外观和行为。”选项C意为“人类的情感使机器人能够赢得人类特别是老人和儿童的信任。”选项D意为“为了开发出满足人类需求的机器人，帮助人们了解机器人是很重要的。”结合主题句可知，本文主要介绍的是人工智能机器人发展遇到的最大困境是人类的不理解和人类对机器人的恐惧，故本题选D。