资料：IntheUnitedStatesofAmerica,-名校题库网

资料：In the United States of America, banks are categorized into the federally-chartered bank which received their charter from the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency（OCC）; these are referred to as “National Banks”; and also the states-chartered banks which receive their charter from the superintendent to as “State Banks”. Banks are allowed to register either with the federal or the state authority. Let us now look at the organizational structure of Commercial Banks, which include unit banking, group banking and branch banking.

The main characteristic of unit banking is that it can operate only a single full service bank from a single location. Unit banking institutions are not allowed to have branch networks. However, unit banking does not necessarily have to be small. In fact, many unit banks are quite large.

Group banking refers to banking operations conducted by a corporation owning more than one bank. The group banking system usually exists in the states where branch banking is prohibited.

As for branching, it is sometimes referred to “limited branching” or “stateside branching”. Limited branching allows bank to operate branches within geographic territories authorized by the state law. Stateside branching implies that bank branches are allowed to operate anywhere within the state. New York State, California, Florida and some others are stateside branch banking areas which Minnesota, Arkansas, lower and others are limited branching areas.

In the United States, there are also specialized banks including the Edge Act Banks, the international Banking Facility, the bankers’ banks, the saving banks, the savings and loans associations, the credit unions and government owned and the Real Estate Investment Trust （TEIT）.

There are also non-bank financial institutions in the USA, including the securities firms, the leasing and commercial finance companies, the mortgage bankers and the Real Estate Investment Trust （REIT）.

Let us now look at the Federal System. Commonly known as the Federal Reserve Bank or the “Fed”, this is the Central Bank of the United States founded in 1913. It determines the reserve requirement within limits set by the US Congress. The function of the Fed is economic stabilization through the management of the nation’s money supply. The Federal Reserve System comprises a board of governors with 7 members stationed in Washington D.C Reserve Banks, including Boston，New York City, Dallas and San Francisco.

The Federal Reserve Act（FRA）1913 set out the powers of the Fed which, on top of the regular central bank’s objectives, emphasize the following.

i.Managing the monetary system and money supply of the USA;

ii.Providing funds as the lender of last report;

iii.Providing for an efficient cherub clearing system;

iiii.Providing a rigorous banking supervision system.

What is the charting authority of the USA for banks?（）

A.FRA
B.Laws of states
C.Fed
D.OCC

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答案： C

本题解析：

本题考查细节理解。

【关键词】the charting authority of the USA; for banks

【主题句】

倒数第二段Let us now look at the Federal System. Commonly known as the Federal Reserve Bank or the “Fed”, this is the Central Bank of the United States founded in 1913. It determines the reserve requirement within limits set by the US Congress. The function of the Fed is economic stabilization through the management of the nation’s money supply. 现在让我们看看联邦系统，通常被称为联邦储备银行或“美联储”，这是成立于1913年的美国中央银行。它决定了美国国会制定的准备金限额要求。美联储的职能是通过管理国家的货币供应来稳定经济。

倒数第一段The Federal Reserve Act （FRA） 1913 set out the powers of the Fed which, on top of the regular central bank’s objectives, emphasize the following.

i.Managing the monetary system and money supply of the USA;

ii.Providing funds as the lender of last resort

iii.Providing for an efficient cherub clearing system;

iiii.Providing a rigorous banking supervision system.

1913年美国联邦储备法（FRA）规定了美联储的权力，除了正常的中央银行的目标外，还强调以下几点。

i管理美国的货币体系和货币供应；

ii提供资金作为最后贷款人；

iii提供高效的清算系统；

iiii提供严格的银行监督系统。

【解析】题目意为“美国银行管理当局是？”选项A意为“美国联邦储备法”；选项B意为“国家法律”；选项C意为“美联储”；选项D意为“通货审计官办公室”。根据主题句，美国银行受美联储来监管，因此选项C与题意相符。