Certificates are（71）documents attesting to the（72）of a public key to an individual or other entity.They allow verification of the claim that a given public key does in fact belong to a given individual.Certificates help prevent someone from using a phony key to（73）someone else.In their simplest form,certificates contain a public key and a name.As commonly used,a certificate also contains an（74）date,the name of the CA that issued the certificate,a serial number,and perhaps other information.Most importantly,it contains the digital（75）of the certificate issuer.The most widely accepted format for certificates is X.509,thus,certificates can be read or written by any application complying with X.509.
数字认证是一种证明个人或其他机构
拥有
某一公开密钥的
数字
文件。数字认证用于确定某一给定的公钥是否确实属于某个人或某个机构。数字认证有助于防止有人
假冒
别人的秘钥。形式最简单的数字认证包含一个公钥和一个用户名。通常，数字认证还包括
有效期
，发证机关名称，序列号，也许还包含其他信息。最重要的是，它包含了发证机关的数字
签名
。最普遍公认的数字认证标准是X.509国际标准，任何遵循X.509的应用程序都能读写遵循X.509标准的数字认证。
（ ）is the process of transforming information so it is unintelligible to anyone but the intended recipient.
As each application module is completed,it undergoes（ ）to ensure that it operates correctly and reliably.
（ ）algorithm specifies the way to arrange data in a particular order.
After analyzing the source code,（ ）generates machine instructions that will carry out the meaning of the program at a later time.
（ ）can help organizations to better understand the information contained within the data and will also help identify the data that is most important to the business and future business decisions.
浏览器开启无痕浏览模式后，（ ）依然会被保存下来。
下列协议中，不属于TCP/IP协议簇的是（ ）。
下列传输介质中，带宽最宽、抗干扰能力最强的是（ ）。
数控编程常需要用参数来描述需要加工的零件的图形。在平面坐标系内，确定一个点需要2个独立的参数，确定一个正方形需要（ ）个独立的参数。
某书的页码为1，2，3，...，共用数字900个（一个多位数页码包含多个数字），据此可以推断，该书最大的页码为（ ）。
